The basic concepts and models of weapon-target assignment （WTA） are introduced and the mathematical nature of the WTA models is also analyzed. A systematic survey of research on WTA problem is provided. The present ...The basic concepts and models of weapon-target assignment （WTA） are introduced and the mathematical nature of the WTA models is also analyzed. A systematic survey of research on WTA problem is provided. The present research on WTA is focused on models and algorithms. In the research on models of WTA, the static WTA models are mainly studied and the dynamic WTA models are not fully studied in deed. In the research on algorithms of WTA, the intelligent algorithms are often used to solve the WTA problem. The small scale of static WTA problems has been solved very well, however, the large scale of dynamic WTA problems has not been solved effectively so far. Finally, the characteristics of dynamic WTA are analyzed and directions for the future research on dynamic WTA are discussed.展开更多
Military Medical Research is an open access,peer-reviewed journal publishing cutting-edge findings on basic medical science and clinical research that is related to military medicine.The journal aims to combine advanc...Military Medical Research is an open access,peer-reviewed journal publishing cutting-edge findings on basic medical science and clinical research that is related to military medicine.The journal aims to combine advances in both civilian and military medicine,so as to provide up-to-date medical discussions and guidelines tailored towards application in military sett ings.展开更多
Objective:To determine the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)production and prevalence of bla_(CTX-M-1),bla_(SHV)and bla_(TEM)genes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC)isolates from 3 military hospitals of T...Objective:To determine the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)production and prevalence of bla_(CTX-M-1),bla_(SHV)and bla_(TEM)genes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC)isolates from 3 military hospitals of Tehran during 2015-2016.Methods:One-hundred and eleven isolates were adopted.The antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.The combine disk was used for phenotypic ESBL production.The ceftazidime MIC was conducted with the micro-broth dilution test.The PCR assay was used to detect the bla_(CTX-M-1),bla_(SHV)and bla_(TEM)genes.Results:In the broth microdilution method,103(92.7%)isolates showed minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)≥1μg/mL,and also in the combined disk method,89(80.1%of all)were ESBL positive.On the other hand,among 91 ceftazidime resistant isolates,86(77.4%of all)were ESBL positive.The difference between the two methods for ESBL confirmation was not significant.The result of MIC was similar to the disk diffusion method in the detection of phenotypic ESBL production.Among ESBL producer isolates,the prevalence of bla_(CTX-M-1),bla_(SHV)and bla_(TEM)was 77.4%(n=86),47.4%(n=53)and 2.4%(n=2),respectively.These genes were amplified in a wide range MIC of ceftazidime.Conclusions:The prevalence of multi-drug resistant UPEC and ESBL positive isolates was high in military hospitals.The majority of UPEC isolates amplified bla_(CTX-M-I)and bla_(SHV)typeβ-lactamase genes.One-third of isolates were positive in presence of both these genes.There was no relation between ceftazidime MIC and presence of beta-lactamase genes.展开更多
在两种培养基上对RCEF0718菌株进行了鉴定研究,结果表明：应用组织分离方法自珊瑚虫草近似种Cordyceps martialis aff．得到的菌株为蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris(Vuill．)Fr．的无性型,即蛹草蚧霉Lecanicillium militaris (Liang)C．R．L...在两种培养基上对RCEF0718菌株进行了鉴定研究,结果表明：应用组织分离方法自珊瑚虫草近似种Cordyceps martialis aff．得到的菌株为蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris(Vuill．)Fr．的无性型,即蛹草蚧霉Lecanicillium militaris (Liang)C．R．Li et al．新组合。该菌株易发生角变,PPDA与查氏培养基的角变比例约1：5,其角变子菌株(RCEF0718-V)的宏观及微观特征与非角变区差异明显,角变子的产孢细胞的着生方式呈典型的轮枝孢型,而非角变区的产孢细胞除了可见轮枝孢型外,主要为单叠瓦状的蚧霉型。经家蚕活蛹接种实验证实,该菌确能培育出蛹虫草子实体。展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Defense Pre-Research Foundation of China
文摘The basic concepts and models of weapon-target assignment （WTA） are introduced and the mathematical nature of the WTA models is also analyzed. A systematic survey of research on WTA problem is provided. The present research on WTA is focused on models and algorithms. In the research on models of WTA, the static WTA models are mainly studied and the dynamic WTA models are not fully studied in deed. In the research on algorithms of WTA, the intelligent algorithms are often used to solve the WTA problem. The small scale of static WTA problems has been solved very well, however, the large scale of dynamic WTA problems has not been solved effectively so far. Finally, the characteristics of dynamic WTA are analyzed and directions for the future research on dynamic WTA are discussed.
文摘Military Medical Research is an open access,peer-reviewed journal publishing cutting-edge findings on basic medical science and clinical research that is related to military medicine.The journal aims to combine advances in both civilian and military medicine,so as to provide up-to-date medical discussions and guidelines tailored towards application in military sett ings.
基金Supported by AJA University of Medical Sciences of Iran(Grant No.1649546/6743,2015).
文摘Objective:To determine the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBL)production and prevalence of bla_(CTX-M-1),bla_(SHV)and bla_(TEM)genes among uropathogenic Escherichia coli(UPEC)isolates from 3 military hospitals of Tehran during 2015-2016.Methods:One-hundred and eleven isolates were adopted.The antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.The combine disk was used for phenotypic ESBL production.The ceftazidime MIC was conducted with the micro-broth dilution test.The PCR assay was used to detect the bla_(CTX-M-1),bla_(SHV)and bla_(TEM)genes.Results:In the broth microdilution method,103(92.7%)isolates showed minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)≥1μg/mL,and also in the combined disk method,89(80.1%of all)were ESBL positive.On the other hand,among 91 ceftazidime resistant isolates,86(77.4%of all)were ESBL positive.The difference between the two methods for ESBL confirmation was not significant.The result of MIC was similar to the disk diffusion method in the detection of phenotypic ESBL production.Among ESBL producer isolates,the prevalence of bla_(CTX-M-1),bla_(SHV)and bla_(TEM)was 77.4%(n=86),47.4%(n=53)and 2.4%(n=2),respectively.These genes were amplified in a wide range MIC of ceftazidime.Conclusions:The prevalence of multi-drug resistant UPEC and ESBL positive isolates was high in military hospitals.The majority of UPEC isolates amplified bla_(CTX-M-I)and bla_(SHV)typeβ-lactamase genes.One-third of isolates were positive in presence of both these genes.There was no relation between ceftazidime MIC and presence of beta-lactamase genes.
文摘在两种培养基上对RCEF0718菌株进行了鉴定研究,结果表明：应用组织分离方法自珊瑚虫草近似种Cordyceps martialis aff．得到的菌株为蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris(Vuill．)Fr．的无性型,即蛹草蚧霉Lecanicillium militaris (Liang)C．R．Li et al．新组合。该菌株易发生角变,PPDA与查氏培养基的角变比例约1：5,其角变子菌株(RCEF0718-V)的宏观及微观特征与非角变区差异明显,角变子的产孢细胞的着生方式呈典型的轮枝孢型,而非角变区的产孢细胞除了可见轮枝孢型外,主要为单叠瓦状的蚧霉型。经家蚕活蛹接种实验证实,该菌确能培育出蛹虫草子实体。
