Potassium and calcium channels in different nerve cells act as therapeutic targets in neurological disorders

The central nervous system, information integration center of the body, is mainly composed of neurons and glial cells. The neuron is one of the most basic and important structural and functional units of the central nervous system, with sensory stimulation and excitation conduction functions. Astrocytes and microglia belong to the glial cell family, which is the main source of cytokines and represents the main defense system of the central nervous system. Nerve cells undergo neurotransmission or gliotransmission, which regulates neuronal activity via the ion channels, receptors, or transporters expressed on nerve cell membranes. Ion channels, composed of large transmembrane proteins, play crucial roles in maintaining nerve cell homeostasis. These channels are also important for control of the membrane potential and in the secretion of neurotransmitters. A variety of cellular functions and life activities, including functional regulation of the central nervous system, the generation and conduction of nerve excitation, the occurrence of receptor potential, heart pulsation, smooth muscle peristalsis, skeletal muscle contraction, and hormone secretion, are closely related to ion channels associated with passive transmembrane transport. Two types of ion channels in the central nervous system, potassium channels and calcium channels, are closely related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Accordingly, various drugs that can affect these ion channels have been explored deeply to provide new directions for the treatment of these neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the functions of potassium and calcium ion channels in different nerve cells and their involvement in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, epilepsy, autism, and rare disorders. We also describe several clinical drugs that target potassium or calcium channels in nerve cells and could be used to treat these disorders. We concluded that there are few clinical drugs that can improve the pathology these diseases by acting on potassium or calcium ions. Although a few novel ion-channelspecific modulators have been discovered, meaningful therapies have largely not yet been realized. The lack of target-specific drugs, their requirement to cross the blood–brain barrier, and their exact underlying mechanisms all need further attention. This review aims to explain the urgent problems that need research progress and provide comprehensive information aiming to arouse the research community's interest in the development of ion channel-targeting drugs and the identification of new therapeutic targets for that can increase the cure rate of nervous system diseases and reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in other systems.

Comparative Evaluation of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Acidifier Calcium Formate on the Quail Digestive Tract

Three hundred, one-day-old Japanese quail （Coturnixjaponica） divided into four groups, with three subgroups each, were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g calcium formate （CF）/kg or 2 g mannan oligosaccharides （MOS）/kg or both 6 g CF/kg plus 2 g MOS/kg. On 21st and 42nd days the pH of the quail crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine and ceca were measured in situ and the total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms counts of the cecal content were recorded. Results showed that MOS decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the total aerobic bacteria counts on 21st day. Moreover, CF decreased the cecal pH on the 42nd day and the lactic acid bacteria counts on 21st day. Interaction between MOS and CF was noticed on the cecal pH on the 42nd day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower pH, compared to each separate addition. Also, interaction was noticed on the cecal bacterial counts on the 21st day, as the combined dietary addition of MOS and CF resulted in lower total aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriacea and coliform counts, compared to each separate addition.

Effect of Different Kinds of Zinc (Ⅱ) on Early Hydration of Calcium Aluminate Cement

The early hydration of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) with different kinds of zinc (II),such as ZnSO4g7H2O,ZnO,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and ZnCl2,was analyzed.Changes in consistency,setting time,hydration heat flow,hydration heat amount,ion concentration in solution,and hydration products were found upon the addition of different Zn^2+.The water consumption of standard consistency of CAC is decreased with different Zn^2+.Zn^2+ can delay the initial hydration of CAC.The induction period of cement with Zn^2+ is longer than that of CAC,especially the reaction time of the acceleration period is extended.Zn^2+ can promote hydration hydrate of CAC at 24 h.The characteristic diffraction peaks of CA and CA2 in CAC with different Zn^2+ are significantly reduced.It can inhibit the formation of CAH10 and promote the formation C3AH6 and AH3 in hydration products at 24 h.

DISSOLUTION KINETICS OF PHOSPHATE ORE IN ACIDIC SOLUTIONS

The dissolution kinetics of Florida and Jordan phosphate ore was studied in diluted nitric acid (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 mol ·L-1), and in phosphoric acid (55 wt% H3PO4) aqueous solutions. It was found that the hydrogen ions concentration is a controlling factor, but the calcium ions concentration can not affect the dissolution rate in the range of 0.0 and 2.0 wt% Ca2+. The effects of temperature, stirring intensity and the size of ore particles were also investigated. The transfer of hydrogen ion depends on the diffusion, while the calcium ions transfer is assumed to be depended on mechanically stripping. The shrinking core model with hydrogen ions diffusion control match the experimental results.

Effect of 935-MHz Phone-simulating Electromagnetic Radiation on Endometrial Glandular Cells during Mouse Embryo Implantation

This study examined the impact of 935MHz phone-simulating electromagnetic radiation on embryo implantation of pregnant mice.Each 7-week-old Kunming (KM) female white mouse was set up with a KM male mouse in a single cage for mating overnight after induction of ovulation.In the first three days of pregnancy,the pregnant mice was exposed to electromagnetic radiation at low-intensity (150 μW/cm2,ranging from 130 to 200 μW/cm2,for 2-or 4-h exposure every day),mid-intensity (570 μW/cm2,ranging from 400 to 700 μW/cm2,for 2-or 4-h exposure every day) or high-intensity (1400 μW/cm2,ranging from 1200 to 1500 μW/cm2,for 2-or 4-h exposure every day),respectively.On the day 4 after gestation (known as the window of murine embryo implantation),the endometrium was collected and the suspension of endometrial glandular cells was made.Laser scanning microscopy was employed to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular calcium ion concentration.In high-intensity,2-and 4-h groups,mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05).The calcium ion concentration was increased in low-intensity 2-h group but decreased in high-intensity 4-h group as compared with the normal control group (P<0.05).However,no significant difference was found in mitochondrial membrane potential of endometrial glandular cells between low-or mid-intensity groups and the normal control group,indicating stronger intensity of the electromagnetic radiation and longer length of the radiation are required to inflict a remarkable functional and structural damage to mitochondrial membrane.Our data demonstrated that electromagnetic radiation with a 935-MHz phone for 4 h conspicuously decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered the calcium ion concentration of endometrial glandular cells.It is suggested that high-intensity electromagnetic radiation is very likely to induce the death of embryonic cells and decrease the chance of their implantation,thereby posing a high risk to pregnancy.

妊娠期高血压疾病患者孕中期血小板参数、钙离子浓度、凝血指标与病情程度及母婴结局相关性研究

目的:观察妊娠期高血压疾病(PIH)患者孕中期血小板参数、钙离子(Ca^(2+))浓度、凝血指标与病情程度及母婴结局的关系。方法:选取120例PIH患者作为PIH组,根据病情程度将其分为轻度组、中度组及重度组,另外选取同期100例健康孕妇作为对照组,比较各组患者孕中期血小板参数[血小板计数(PLT)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、平均血小板体积(MPV)]、Ca^(2+)浓度及凝血指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]水平。根据PIH组母婴结局将其进一步分为不良结局组与良好结局组,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其对PIH患者母婴结局的预测价值。结果:PIH组患者PLT、Ca^(2+)浓度、PT、APTT低于对照组(均P<0.05),PDW及FIB高于对照组(均P<0.05)。轻度组患者PLT、Ca^(2+)浓度、PT、APTT高于中度组与重度组,PDW低于中度组与重度组(均P<0.05),且Spesrman相关性分析显示,PIH患者病情严重程度与PLT、Ca^(2+)浓度、PT、APTT呈负相关,与PDW水平呈正相关(均P<0.05)。120例PIH患者中,共34例出现不良母婴结局(早产15例、新生儿窒息10例、宫内窘迫8例、围产期死亡1例),不良结局组患者PLT、Ca^(2+)浓度、PT、APTT均低于良好结局组(均P<0.05)。ROC特征曲线结果显示,PLT、Ca^(2+)浓度、PT、APTT预测母婴结局的最佳截断值分别为143.760×10^(9)、2.875 mmol/L、10.715 s及29.020 s,且四项指标联合预测PIH患者母婴结局的AUC及敏感度均高于单一指标预测(均P<0.05)。结论:PIH患者病情严重程度与PLT、Ca^(2+)浓度、PT、APTT及PDW水平密切相关,且PLT、Ca^(2+)浓度、PT联合APTT对PIH患者母婴结局具有较高的预测价值,建议临床予以重点关注。

山奈酚对缺氧/复氧损伤诱导心肌细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的:探究山奈酚对缺氧/复氧损伤诱导心肌细胞凋亡的影响和机制。方法:利用随机数字法将H9C2大鼠心肌细胞随机分为三组,对照组细胞在常规孵箱培养,缺氧/复氧组细胞利用缺氧孵箱和常规孵箱交替培养,山奈酚组细胞在缺氧/复氧培养的基础上应用30μmol/L山奈酚。分别利用流式细胞仪和多核苷酸链断裂技术检测各组细胞凋亡水平,利用蛋白印迹技术检测凋亡相关蛋白和钙离子通道蛋白含量,利用免疫荧光技术检测细胞中钙离子浓度。结果:和对照组比较,缺氧/复氧组细胞凋亡增加,钙离子通道蛋白Cav1.2表达和细胞中钙离子含量增加(均P<0.05);和缺氧/复氧组比较,山奈酚组细胞凋亡减少,钙离子通道蛋白Cav1.2表达和胞内钙离子浓度减少(均P<0.05)。结论:山奈酚可能通过减少钙离子通道蛋白Cav1.2表达和胞内钙离子浓度抑制缺氧/复氧损伤诱导的大鼠心肌细胞H9C2凋亡。

粤北水边河流域钙元素迁移的基岩制约作用

岩石风化是控制流域水体水化学特征的关键因素之一。为探索岩溶流域中不同基岩风化作用对地表水化学的影响,本文选择粤北典型岩溶流域(水边河)为研究对象,以水体[Ca^(2+)]变化和钙迁移机制为研究主线,通过连续5年的系统调查及采样分析,揭示不同岩性风化对干流水体中Ca^(2+)输送通量的贡献率和岩溶流域钙元素迁移的影响机理。结果表明:(1)不同基岩支流的水体[Ca^(2+)]差异明显,特别是在干季,碳酸盐岩支流水体的[Ca^(2+)]分别是花岗岩、砂岩和砾岩支流的3.8倍、4.7倍、14.9倍;(2)不同基岩支流汇入干流后,水化学变化具有滞后性,并且呈现季节性差异。其中,碳酸盐岩支流汇入后,干流水体的[Ca^(2+)]会滞后升高,而其他支流会稀释[Ca^(2+)],产生稀释作用,其效果在湿季比干季更明显;(3)通过统计分析得出,碳酸盐岩支流在流域土地面积占比为28%,而其对流域水体中[Ca^(2+)]的贡献率达到83%,说明岩溶流域中碳酸盐岩的风化的制约着钙元素的迁移过程;(4)2016-2020年间,水边河向连江输送的钙通量平均值为7.2×10^(4) t·a^(-1),其中,湿季平均输送量为5.8×10^(4) t·a^(-1),干季平均为1.4×10^(4) t·a^(-1);但岩溶水体中钙元素迁移不仅仅有水体溶解的Ca^(2+),还有沉积态钙迁移和水生生物的钙迁移过程,而农业活动及酸雨等过程可导致水体中[Ca^(2+)]发生明显变化,因此,农业活动和酸雨等对钙迁移的影响需要多加关注。

天然海水环境下离子浓度对MICP反应的影响

微生物岩土技术通过生物矿化过程改善基础材料的力学性质,使其更适用于建筑或解决多学科领域的环境问题。微生物矿化过程中产生的碳酸钙是改善基础材料力学性质的主要成分,但其生成量及形态等受多种因素的影响。通过离子计、pH计、SEM、EDS和XRD等手段探究天然海水和去离子水环境在矿化过程中氯化钙和尿素浓度、比例及菌液和胶结液(氯化钙、尿素)体积比等因素对沉淀物质形貌及晶体组成的影响。结果表明:钙离子和尿素浓度及比例低时,碳酸钙的产率较高,但当初始钙离子、尿素浓度超过1.0 mol/L时,离子浓度增大对细菌产脲酶有抑制作用,浓度越高对脲酶的抑制作用越明显,沉淀物产率也随之减小,海水环境总体沉淀量与沉淀效率均高于去离子水环境。菌胶结液体积比去离子水中为1∶4、海水中不高于1∶10时,碳酸钙生成量较高,去离子水环境晶型以方解石为主,海水环境晶型以球霰石为主且沉淀中含有镁盐。

HDP患者血栓弹力图参数、钙离子浓度与不良妊娠结局关系

目的:探讨妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)患者血栓弹力图参数、钙离子浓度(Ca^(2+))与不良妊娠结局关系。方法:收集2022年1-10月本院HDP患者130例(HDP组)和正常妊娠女性125例(正常组)临床资料,HDP组中重度子痫前期组(31例)、轻度子痫前组(49例)与单纯妊娠期高血压组(50例),根据不同妊娠结局将HDP组分为不良组(39例)与妊娠良好组(91例),分别比较各组血栓弹力图参数[凝血反应时间(R)、血凝块形成时间(K)、最大振幅(MA)、凝血综合指数CI值(CI)]、钙离子浓度(Ca^(2+))水平,采用logistic回归分析HDP患者血栓弹力图参数及Ca^(2+)与不良妊娠结局关系。结果:HDP组MA(72.40±8.55mm)、CI(3.75±1.01)高于正常组(60.33±7.28mm、2.45±0.62),R(3.21±0.54 min)、K(1.65±0.75 min)、Ca^(2+)(2.05±0.21 mmol/L)低于正常组(4.54±0.63 min、1.82±0.43 min、2.41±0.63 mmol/L),单纯妊娠期高血压组、轻度子痫前期组、重度子痫前期组MA、CI逐渐升高,R、K、Ca^(2+)逐渐降低,不良妊娠组与妊娠良好组R、MA、CI、Ca^(2+)均有差异(均P<0.05),但K值无差异(P>0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,R、MA、CI、Ca^(2+)均与HDP患者发生不良妊娠结局相关(P<0.05)。结论:HDP患者血栓弹力图参数及Ca^(2+)出现异常,且随疾病严重程度加重变化增加,并与不良妊娠结局有关。提示临床可借助R、MA、CI、Ca^(2+)等指标,为针对性防治提供参考依据。

偏高岭土协同石灰钝化红黏土水敏性的机制

红黏土水敏性强,添加石灰等碱性材料处治后,能获得即刻的改良效果,但由于红黏土呈弱酸性,石灰改良后其长期性能会衰减。为提高石灰稳定红黏土(简称La+L)的长期性能,添加偏高岭土(4%)协同石灰(5%)稳定红黏土(简称La+L+MK),改善其水敏性和酸-碱互损作用。制备8种初始含水率的压实试样(初始孔隙比相同),养护到预定时间后开展无侧限抗压强度试验,同时,测定试样的钙离子浓度、电导率和pH值。结果表明:初始含水率为26%左右时,改良土的无侧限抗压强度最高,初始含水率偏高或偏低都不利于改良土的强度增长。究其原因,试样偏干时,缺少水分,石灰水化不充分,不能形成游离态钙离子,无法进行火山灰反应,颗粒之间无法形成胶结;试样偏湿时,火山灰反应形成的胶结强度不及过量水分引起的基质吸力丧失量。试样的钙离子浓度和电导率变化规律,证实了以上原因解释的猜想。当然,添加偏高岭土后,能够显著改善偏湿状态下的石灰土强度。即使浸水饱和后,相对石灰改良土,也能够保持较高的强度,充分证明偏高岭土能够有效降低石灰土水敏性,提高其耐久性。偏高岭土直接提供了大量硅、铝氧化物,且将土体pH值降到有利于硅、铝氧化物溶解的碱性范围,加速火山灰反应,缓减或抑制石灰-红黏土的互损作用。

海藻酸钙纤维的溶胀性研究

研究海藻酸钙纤维所含Ca2+与Na+、K+等离子的交换而导致纤维溶胀甚至溶解的现象。用不同条件下的KCl溶液、NaCl溶液分别处理海藻酸钙纤维,通过处理后纤维增重率的变化及处理液所含Ca2+含量的变化,探讨离子交换对海藻酸钙纤维溶胀性能的影响。结果表明:溶液pH值对海藻酸钙纤维溶胀性影响显著,在pH7,温度60～65℃,质量分数25%(相对纤维质量)的盐溶液中浸泡20 min时具有最大溶胀性。浸泡纤维后的处理液所含Ca2+的浓度与纤维溶胀性变化趋势一致,并且K+溶液处理对海藻酸钙纤维溶胀性能的影响高于Na+。研究表明海藻酸钙纤维的溶胀主要是由于处理液中Na+、K+等离子与纤维所含Ca2+的交换导致基于钙离子复合而成纤维的复合结构解体所致。

齐墩果酸对肝癌细胞Hep3B增殖和凋亡的作用研究

目的研究齐墩果酸对人肝癌细胞株Hep3B增殖和凋亡的影响及其与细胞内钙离子浓度{[Ca2+]i}关系。方法将浓度分别为40、80、100μg/ml齐墩果酸作用于肝癌Hep3B细胞24 h以后,DAPI染色,荧光显微镜观察对照组和处理组细胞形态变化;以11组不同浓度齐墩果酸(5～400μg/ml)作用Hep3B细胞24 h后,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测Hep3B细胞增殖情况;分别以不同浓度齐墩果酸(80、100、150μg/ml)作用Hep3B细胞24 h后,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化、细胞凋亡率、细胞内钙离子浓度;对钙离子荧光强度与细胞凋亡率进行相关性分析。结果各处理组Hep3B细胞出现凋亡;不同浓度齐墩果酸能够抑制肝癌细胞Hep3B增殖,且在5～100μg/ml范围内呈剂量依赖性,药物作用细胞24、48 h的IC50分别为86.04、93.29μg/ml;各处理组细胞周期在G2/M期产生阻滞、[Ca2+]i较对照组显著增加(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率和[Ca2+]i增加与药物浓度呈依赖关系;钙离子荧光强度与细胞凋亡率之间存在线形相关性(P<0.05)。结论齐墩果酸能够抑制肝癌Hep3B细胞株增殖,可能通过上调[Ca2+]i诱导其凋亡。

穴位和非穴位氧分压和钙离子浓度在体实时监测比较

目的:比较穴位与非穴位中氧分压和钙离子浓度的差异。方法:利用自制的传感针,在体监测8只山羊的大肠俞、肝俞和关元俞及其对应的非穴位点的钙离子浓度;并监测肝俞和后三里及其对应非穴位点的氧分压。用方差分析方法对穴位和非穴位钙离子浓度和氧分压的差异和变化趋势进行统计分析。结果:穴位的钙离子浓度和氧分压在整个监测过程中都高于非穴位,差异均有显著性意义。结论:传统的针灸穴位具有高氧分压和高钙离子浓度特性。

血浆离子钙测定的实验条件探讨

用离子选择性电极法测定血浆中的离子钙，低浓度（１０～１５Ｕ／ｍｌ血液）的肝素钠抗凝与非抗凝全血的实时测定位无差别，血样放置超过１５分钟后，导致实测结果的明显降低，经ｐＨ校正后，校正钙（ｐＨ７．４）与实时测定位总体上无差别．但个别结果相差较大。离子钙浓度与总蛋白和清蛋白无确定的相关关系，通过总钙和蛋白浓度计算离子钙是不准确的。５６４名健康人实时测定，离子钙的含量范围是１．１４～１．３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，男女间无明显差异。实际应用表明，离子钙测定更有益于临床诊断。

水体病毒钙离子絮凝浓缩新方法研究

研究建立了一种从水体中浓缩病毒的新方法,即钙离子絮凝-柠檬酸缓冲液洗溶法,该方法的要点是先用一定量的钙离子溶液和钙离子絮凝剂絮凝水体中的病毒,再用pH5.0的0.3mol/L的柠檬酸缓冲液洗溶,然后再进一步超滤浓缩。此法可方便地将水体中的病毒浓缩10000倍以上。应用该法分别对人工播种于饮用水中的f2噬菌体和脊髓灰质炎疫苗病毒(PV1)进行了浓缩,结果发现f2噬菌体的平均回收率达96%,而PV1的回收率为100%,均显著高于阳电膜过滤法(P<0.05)。该方法快速、简便、有效。

白术多糖调控钙离子以促进细胞迁移及E-钙黏蛋白表达的研究

目的观察白术多糖对大鼠小肠上皮细胞(IEC-6)钙离子水平、细胞迁移和E-钙黏蛋白表达的影响,探讨益气健脾中药白术促进胃肠黏膜损伤修复的作用机制。方法:流式细胞仪检测白术多糖对细胞游离钙离子水平([Ca^(2+)]cyt)的影响;划痕法复制细胞迁移模型,观察白术多糖对细胞迁移的影响;Western blot法和免疫荧光法检测白术多糖对细胞E-钙黏蛋白表达的影响。结果白术多糖(25,50,100 mg·L^(-1))可增加细胞[Ca^(2+)]cyt、促进细胞迁移、提高E-钙黏蛋白表达,与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);可逆转多胺合成抑制剂α-二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DFMO)所致的[Ca^(2+)]cyt降低、细胞迁移抑制和E-钙黏蛋白表达减少,与DFMO组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论白术多糖可通过提高细胞钙离子水平以促进细胞迁移和E-钙黏蛋白表达,为探讨益气健脾中药白术修复胃肠黏膜损伤的作用机制提供参考。

人结肠癌LoVo/Adr细胞耐药性与细胞内Ca^(2+)浓度的关系

背景及目的:基于在耐药细胞中Ca2+增高,且钙通道拮抗剂维拉帕米可逆转多药耐药性,推测Ca2+可能在耐药性中起一定的作用。本文的目的是探讨人结肠癌LoVo/Adr细胞耐药性与细胞内Ca2+浓度之间的关系。方法:以Fluo-3/AM标记LoVo和LoVo/Adr细胞内Ca2+,用共聚焦显微镜观察其浓度变化;采用MTT法检测维拉帕米逆转细胞耐药性的作用;用流式细胞仪检测细胞内阿霉素的浓度。结果:LoVo细胞和LoVo/Adr细胞Fluo-3/AM的荧光强度分别为850.45和1495.88;加用5mg/L维拉帕米后,LoVo细胞和LoVo/Adr细胞荧光强度分别为813.25和1284.14。说明耐药株LoVo/Adr细胞内Ca2+浓度显著高于敏感株LoVo细胞,维拉帕米不能明显影响LoVo/Adr细胞内Ca2+浓度;但5mg/L维拉帕米可显著增加LoVo/Adr细胞内阿霉素的浓度,对阿霉素和长春新碱的增敏倍数分别是8.85倍和5.31倍。结论:细胞内Ca2+浓度增高可能是耐药株LoVo/Adr的表型特征之一,但与该细胞株耐药性无直接关系。

强抑制性高钙盐聚合物钻井液体系的研究与应用

研究形成了以无机-有机单体聚合物SIOP、两性离子磺酸盐聚合物CPS-2000、聚合铝防塌剂AOP-1及固相化学清洁剂ZSC-201等为主处理剂的强抑制性高钙盐聚合物钻井液体系。该体系游离钙离子质量浓度大于1.5 g/L,具有良好的抑制防塌性能,抗温达到180℃,抗盐达饱和,抗钙达到30 g/L,流变性能良好,在中原、塔河、塔中、西南等油田的盐膏层和硬脆性地层及易水化泥页岩、胶结较差的火成岩、微裂缝发育等不稳定地层都得到成功应用。结果表明,由于钻井液的问题,应用井未出现井下复杂情况,井径规则,平均井径扩大率小于5.17%,起下钻顺利,下套管一次成功率达100%,电测一次成功率达95.45%。

氨法脱硫洗涤液离子浓度与pH值的关系研究

应用电中性方程离解理论,建立了氨法脱硫洗涤液离子浓度与pH值的确定性模型,并对其影响因素进行了讨论。研究表明:离子平衡值等于或者接近于1.0时,模型能准确描述氨法脱硫洗涤液各离子浓度与pH值的确定性关系;碱性离子与酸性离子相对浓度与pH值的相关点分布呈现一种随着碱性离子与酸性离子相对浓度增大,pH值下降的趋势。模型可作为氨法脱硫洗涤液pH值的合理判据。结合试验研究得到洗涤液硫元素存在形态与pH值之间的关系,提出模型修正方法。