Studies on Single Cell Culture in vitro in Wheat——The variation of grain protein content and its fractions from regenerated plants

On the basis of previous studies dealing with the variation of major agronomic and yield characteristics of regenerated plants derived from single cell culture in vitro of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.Cultivar NE 7742), the grain protein content and its fractions from regenerated plants with stable agronomic characteristics were studied from 1992 to 1995. The results showed that the variation of grain protein content and its fractions in somaclones from single cell culture in vitro were very significant and the range was very wide (11531770%). Several types of variation were found in the studies, especially the type with higher protein content than that of cultivar NE 7742 (non-culture parent). Among them, -2069% of lines the grain protein content was significantly higher than that of NE 7742 and combined with high yielding potential. The tendency of variation of the four protein fractions showed that the variation of albumin was not obvious and maintained the same level as NE774 increased in some somaclones and decreased in others. However, the percentages both globulin and glutenin tended to increase. The variation of total amount of structural protein and the ratio between globulin and glutenin tended to increase. The variation of total amount of structural protein and the ratio between globulin and albumm was mainly influenced by globulin under the condition of culture in vitro. The variation of total amount of storage protein and the ratio between gliadin and glutenin was mainly affected by glutenin. The results mentioned above demonstrated that the induction and screening of somaclonal variation could be an effective way in wheat improvement in combining high protein content with high yield.

Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N^G-nitro-L-arginine on the content of amino acid in ischemic brain tissues of rats

BACKGROUND： Nitric oxide synthase （NOS） inhibrtors have been widely used to investigate the role of NO on cerebral ischemic injury, but the results are controversial. Moreover, it has been considered to aggravate the ischemic neuronal damage with the release of excessively excitatory amino acids （EAA） during cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, some inhibitory amino acid is suggested to be important for the neuronal protection against ischemic brain damage. Our study has recently showed that treatment with the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine （L-NA） reduced focal cerebral ischemic damage. The effect of L-NA on the contents of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia is still unclear. OBJECTIVE： By evaluating the effect of NOS inhibitor, L-NA on the contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia respectively, to investigate the beneficial effect of L-NA on cerebral ischemic injury and the possible mechanism. DESIGN： A randomized and controlled experiment SETTING ： Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences MATERIALS： A total of 42 male healthy SD rats （grade Ⅱ, weighting 250-300 g） were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Hebei Province （Certification： 04036）. Aspartate, glutamate, glycine, GABA, L-NA and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） were obtained from Sigma Chemicals Co, St Louis, MO, USA. HPLC-ultraviolet detector system consisted of Agilent 1100 HPLC. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in Department of Pharmrcology, Hebei Academy of Medical Sciences from June 2005 to June 2006. Rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated group （n = 6）, ischemic group （n = 18）, L-NA group （n = 18）. The model of focal cerebral ischemia in rat was prepared with intraluminal line occlusion methods. In sham-operated rats, the external carotid artery was surgically prepared, but the filament was not inserted. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups （n = 6 for each）： drugs were administrated at 2, 6 and 12 hours after the middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） respectively. L-NA （20 mg/kg, ip） was administrated, twice a day, for 3 consecutive days. Same volume of normal saline was administrated in ischemic and sham operation groups. The changes of infarcted volume and the contents of amino acids were respectively assayed. Image analysis software was used for the measurement of the infarcted area. The results were expressed as a percentage of the infarcted volume of cerebral/volume of whole brain （IV%） in order to control for edema formation. The contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in the rat brain following cerebral ischemia were respectively measured by HPLC method. All data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Dunnett＇s test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） The volume of cerebral infarction; （2） The contents of aspartate, glutamate glycine and GABA in brain tissue after cerebral ischemia. RESULTS ： All 42 rats were involved in the final analysis. （1） Infarcted volume： Volume was 0 in sham-operated group. When L-NA was administrated at 2 and 6 hours after MCAO, the infarcted volume was （20.13±3.59）% and （23.12±5.84）% in L-NA group, which was not similar to that in ischemic group [（22.10±3.98）%, （25.38± 5.37）%, P〉 0.05]. However, the infarcted volume was markedly decreased compared with that of ischemic group when L-NA was administrated at 12 hours after MCAO [（26.11±3.55）% and （37.15±3.58）%, P 〈 0.01]. Changes of amino acid content： At 2 and 6 hours after ischemia, the contents of aspartate, glutamate, glycine and GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in ischemic group were significantly increased compared with those in sham-operated group （ P〈 0.05-0.01）. However, contents in L-NA group were similar to those in ischemic group （P 〉 0.05）. At 12 hours after ischemia, the contents of aspartate [（0.21 ±0.06）, （0.36±0.05）, （0.29±0.12） mg/g] and glutamate [（0.55±0.06）, （0.78±0.10）, （0.52±0.10） mg/g] in striatum, hippocampus and cortex in L-NA group were significantly decreased compared with those in ischemic group [（0.49±0.17）, （0.63± 0.03）, （0.51±0.15） mg/g; （0.98±0.30）, （1.15±0.15）, （0.93±0.15） mg/g, P〈 0.05-0.01]. Glycine in hippocampus was （0.40±0.07） mg/g, which was higher than that in ischemic group [（0.21±0.07） mg/g, P 〈 0.05]. GABA in striatum, hippocampus and cortex was （0.93±0.10）, （0.62±0.12） and （0.81 ±0.10） mg/g, respectively, which was higher than that in ischemic group [（0.60±0.08）, （0.37±0.17）, （0.59±0.10） mg/g, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. CONCLUSION ： It may be concluded that L-NA have beneficial effect on ischemic cerebral injury in ischemic later stage in rats. The possible mechanism is that L-NA can decrease the contents of aspartate and glutamate, increase the contents of glycine and GABA.

The Communicative Competencies Depicted in “Buthsarana”

The characteristic of any literary tradition is to enhance the knowledge of human beings psychologically,biologically,and philosophically.This characteristic is seen in most of the literary creations of classical Sinhala literary tradition.The literary features of classical Sinhala literary tradition are enriched with its own communication competencies,which are created to up lift the noble and spiritual qualities.This study was completed by studying the communication competencies depicted in classical Sinhala literary tradition,in relation to“Buthsarana”,which was written by Vidyachakrawarthi,in the early part of Dambadeniya Era.Accordingly,the research was done based on the features such as narrative style,writing techniques,language techniques,performing ability,and social analysis.Vidyachakrawarthi in his book brings forth the“Nava Arahaadi Budu Guna”(Nine Great Qualities)of Lord Buddha using the devotive path to enhance the wisdom of devotees.In that process Vidyachakrawarthi uses a creative communication method.An inherent narrative style,prose writing rules and styles are used to present the content regularly.Moreover,the content of the stories has been created by occupying language techniques and social analysis,while making it easy to understand the“Nava Arahaadi Budu Guna”of Lord Buddha.Therefore,a perspicuous narrative style and creative language competency are included in“Buthsarana”.The agreement of the format and the content specialties are capable of providing the reader with inter cultural understanding,building cultural relationships,new ways of thinking,by creating devotion in the minds of the reader.Therefore,“Buthsarana”has provided the society with physical and mental motivation.Thus it could be shown that,with the success of the format and the communication competency included,“Buthsarana”is an effective communication mode which is capable of awaking the critical thinking of the reader.

Related Measures on Improving the Teaching Quality of DGED Course

Engineering Drawing course is one of the main contents of teaching at most of science and engineering colleges or univer- sities. In this paper, some feasible measures is discussed on improving the teaching quality of Engineering Drawing course from four aspects, including diversified teacher participation and coordinating the teaching process, optimizing the content of teaching and im- proving teaching quality, improving teaching effect and reforming teaching methods, and integrating practice and cultivating practi- cal ability.

Assessment of iodine nutritional status of people in Qinghai Province after the content of salt iodine decreased

Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of people in Qinghai Province after implementation of new standard of salt iodine,and provide the basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods The monitoring data of 2011 and 2014

Synthesis of polycrystalline γ-AlON powders by novel wet chemical processing

The synthesis of polycrystalline aluminum oxynitride （AlON） powders was investigated by the carbothermal reduction and ni- tridation （CRN） of amorphous precursor obtained by wet chemical processing. Co-precipitation processing was employed to achieve amorphous precursor from AI（NO3）3 solution dispersed by nanosized carbon particles, which was composed of AI（OH）3 and C particles homogeneously. The effects of the content of carbon black, pH value, and calcination temperature on formation of A1ON phase were investigated by means of XRD, SEM and TEM, respectively. It was found that single phase AION powder could be synthesized when the resultant precursors were calcined at 1750℃ for 2 hours under flowing N2. Un- der optimal additional content of C （5.6wt%）, the resultant A1ON powders exhibited the primary particle size of about 1-3 μm with a specific surface area of 3.2 m2/g, which were superior to that of carbothermal reduction of immediate mixture of γ-A1203/C powders.