Generation of structured light beams with polarization variation along arbitrary spatial trajectories using tri-layer metasurfaces

Conventionally,the spatially structured light beams produced by metasurfaces primarily highlight the polarization modulation of the beams propagating along the optical axis or the beams'spatial transmission trajectory.In particular,along the optical axis,the polarization state is either constant or varies continuously in each output plane.Here,we develop innovative spatially structured light beams with continually changing polarization along any arbitrary spatial transmission trajectories.With tri-layer metallic metasurfaces,the geometric characteristics of each layer structure can be adjusted to modulate the phase and polarization state of the incident terahertz(THz)wave.The beam will converge to the predefined trajectory along several paths to generate a Bessel-like beam with longitudinal polarization changes.We demonstrate the versatility of the approach by designing two THz-band structured light beams with varying polarization states along the spatial helical transmission trajectory.Continuous linear polarization changes and linear polarization to right circular polarization(RCP)and back to linear polarization changes are realized respectively.The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulated results.Our proposal for arbitrary trajectory structured light beams with longitudinally varying polarization offers a practical method for continuously regulating the characteristics of spatial structured light beams with non-axial transmission.This technique has potential uses in optical encryption,particle manipulation,and biomedical imaging.

Performance optimization of a SERF atomic magnetometer based on flat-top light beam

We explore the impact of pumping beams with different transverse intensity profiles on the performance of the spinexchange relaxation-free(SERF) atomic magnetometers(AMs). We conduct experiments comparing the traditional Gaussian optically-pumped AM with that utilizing the flat-top optically-pumped(FTOP) method. Our findings reveal that the FTOP-based approach outperforms the conventional method, exhibiting a larger response, a narrower magnetic resonance linewidth, and a superior low-frequency noise performance. Specifically, the use of FTOP method leads to a 16% enhancement in average sensitivity within 1 Hz–30 Hz frequency range. Our research emphasizes the significance of achieving transverse polarization uniformity in AMs, providing insights for future optimization efforts and sensitivity improvements in miniaturized magnetometers.

Generation of structure light in probe absorption spectrum via microwave-driven Y-type atomic system

Behavior of structure light is investigated by monitoring probe absorption using a microwave-driven Y-type atomic media configuration.The system under consideration is driven by one of the control vortex beams as well as an extra non-vortex control beam to ensure electromagnetically induced transparency.The significant aspect in the generation of structured light is the azimuthal phase-dependent modification for probe absorption.Further intensity distribution for absorption spectra is examined for simultaneously evaluating both the control vortex beams.We also go through the radial distribution of intensity for various orbital angular momentum values.Different modes of structural beams may be distinguished using the suggested approach.Our research gives us a way for rapidly transferring vortex wavefronts from control field to probe absorption profile.This could be useful in quantum information processing.

The influence of nonparaxiality on the spectral behavior in Young's experiment illuminated by partially coherent light

Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young＇s experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, where the influence of nonparaxiality of partially coherent light on the spectral shifts and spectral switches is stressed. It is shown that there is a spectral shift in the nonparaxial case relative to the paraxial one and the critical position changes, at which the spectral switch occurs. The ratio of the waist width to the central wavelength ω0/λ0 and relative spatial correlation length △ affect the spectral difference. The smaller ω0/λ0 is, the larger the difference between the nonparaxial and paraxial results appears. The effect of relative spatial correlation length △ is relatively small.

Fabrication of Binary Diffractive Lenses and the Application to LED Lighting for Controlling Luminosity Distribution

We designed and fabricated two types of binary diffractive lenses using Electron beam lithography (EBL) on optical films film for controlling LED light. In the case of the binary diffractive convex lens with 2-mm focal length, it is possible to control the luminous intensity distribution. To improve the diffraction efficiency and realize a thin LED light source, the binary diffractive lenses with 100-μm-order focal length are effective. Furthermore we fabricated and characterized the binary diffractive concave lenses for application in LED lighting. It is found that white-light LEDs are strongly diffused by using the binary diffractive concave lenses.

Experiments on the Speed of Light

Many experiments concerning the determination of the speed of light have been proposed and done. Here two important experiments, Michelson-Morley and Sagnac, will be discussed. A linear moving variation of Michelson-Morley and Sagnac devices will then be proposed for probing experimentally the invariance of the speed of light.

Tight Focusing of Radially and Azimuthally Polarized Vortex Beams through a Dielectric Interface

Based on vectorial Debye theory, tight focusing of radially and azimuthally polarized vortex beams passing through a dielectric interface are studied. The intensity distribution in the focal region is illustrated by numerical calculations. We show the influence of numerical-aperture （NA） on the full-width at half maximum （FWHM） of the focal spot or the focal hole. It has been found that compared with the azimuthally polarized Besse^Gaussian （BG） beams, the longitudinal component in the z direction of the radially polarized BG beams has no influence on the FWHM of the focal spot and hole, but enhances the total light intensity.

Light weight analysis of a skeleton vehicle frame using BS960 super-high-strength steel

Static strength finite element analysis was conducted to decrease the weight of a skeleton vehicle＇s frame. Results indicated that the maximum stress occurs on the front beam ＇s variable section area. Dynamic sensitivity analysis elucidated the relationship between the maximum stress and the thickness of a particular beam,e. g.,top,middle,and bottom beam. Displacement was analyzed by the key part that influenced the maximum stress. Finally,the new plan using BS960 super-high-strength beam steel and the preferred beam thickness was compared with the original plan. New combinations of beam thickness were introduced on the basis of different purposes; the maximum responding light w eight ratio was 21%.

Generation of Mathieu beams using angular pupil modulation

By using an amplitude-type spatial light modulator to load angular spectrum of Mathieu function distribution along a narrow annular pupils, the Durnin’s experimental setup is extended to generate various types of Mathieu beams. As a special type of Mathieu beams, Bessel beams are also generated using this optical setup. Furthermore, the optical morphology of the Mathieu beams family are also presented and analyzed.

Interaction of light filaments in air

This paper analytically investigates the interaction of light filaments generated by a femtosecond laser beam in air. It obtains the Hamiltonian of a total laser field and interaction force between two filaments with different phase shifts and crossing angles. The property of the interaction force, which leads the attraction or repulsion of filaments, is basically dependent on the phase shift between filaments. The crossing angle between two filaments can only determine the magnitude of the interaction force, but does not change the property of the force.

Study of orbit stability in the SSRF storage ring

In this paper, analysis of the beam orbit stability and conceptual study of the dynamic orbit feedback inthe SSRF storage ring are presented. It is shown that beam orbit position movement at the photon source points issmaller than the orbit stability requirements in horizontal plane, but exceeds the orbit stability requirements in verticalplane. A dynamic global orbit feedback system, which consists of 38 high-bandwidth air-coil correctors and 40high-precise BPMs, is proposed to suppress the vertical beam orbit position movement. Numerical simulations showthat this dynamic orbit feedback system can stabilize the vertical beam orbit position movement in the frequencyrange up to 100 Hz.

Intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto–optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing

We report our studies on an intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional（2D） magneto–optical trap（MOT） with independent axial cooling and pushing.The new-designed source,proposed as 2D-HP MOT,uses hollow laser beams for axial cooling and a thin pushing laser beam to extract a cold atomic beam.With the independent pushing beam,the atomic flux can be substantially optimized.The total atomic flux maximum obtained in the 2D-HP MOT is4.02 × 1010atoms/s,increased by 60 percent compared to the traditional 2D＋MOT in our experiment.Moreover,with the pushing power 10 μW and detuning 0Γ,the 2D-HP MOT can generate a rather intense atomic beam with the concomitant light shift suppressed by a factor of 20.The axial velocity distribution of the cold cesium beams centers at 6.8 m/s with an FMHW of about 2.8 m/s.The dependences of the atomic flux on the pushing power and detuning are studied in detail.The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model.

Non-Classical Formulation of Photon Energy for the Degenerate Parametric Oscillator

We have analyzed photon statistics and quadrature squeezing of the signal mode produced by one-mode subharmonic generator. It is found that the mean photon energy of the signal mode is twice of a twin signal light beam. And the energy fluctuations of the two signal light beams are four times that of one of the signal light beams. We have also shown that the photon energy quadrature squeezing of the output signal mode is exactly equal to that of the cavity signal mode. In light of this, the global quadrature squeezing of the signal mode is independent of the mean photon energy. On the basis of the above results, the quantum analysis of a one-mode sub-harmonic generating system should?somehow be modified.

A Formula of Propagating Beams Driven by Few-Cycle Gaussian Pulse in Dispersive Media

A formula is developed to describe the propagation of beams driven by few-cycle Gaussian pulse in a media with group velocity dispersion （GVD）. With the method, the spatiotemporal evolution of the pulsed beam can be straightforwardly quantified as long as the monochromatic beam solutions in free space, which have been widely investigated in previous works, are known. The method makes it possible to analytically deal with the few-cycle pulsed beams with transverse profiles other than the Gaussian one, which is, to our knowledge, the one mainly investigated previously, in GVD media.

Intermediate energy light sources and the SSRF project

Advances in insertion device technology, top-up operation and superconducting RF cavities make it possible to generate high brightness X-ray with intermediate energy light sources, which leads a new trend in designing and constructing third generation light sources around the world. The development status and the remarkable technical features of intermediate energy light sources are reviewed, and the main SSRF properties are described in this paper.

基于合肥光源数据库的束流寿命分析与诊断

高质量的电子束流寿命数据可以直接反映装置的健康状态,为了获得高质量的束流寿命数据,提出一种束流寿命数据清洗方法,并开展了影响束流寿命的关键因素研究。基于合肥光源历史数据库对2022年以来累积的束流寿命原始数据进行分析,采用Python开发了自动化数据清洗程序,用于获取和处理合肥光源的原始束流寿命数据,以获得长时间跨度的束流寿命变化趋势。通过使用Pearson相关系数对束流寿命异常原因进行分析,发现合肥光源束流寿命受储存环真空压强和高频腔压的影响较大。该束流寿命清洗程序处理快捷,获取的高质量束流寿命数据可以为合肥光源的健康状态检测诊断和预警提供重要依据。

可见光减反射膜薄层控制误差的分析与性能优化

为提升光学镜头的成像质量,消除杂散光的影响,以K9玻璃为基底设计可见光波段平均反射率小于0.1%的减反射膜。采用电子束离子辅助沉积的制备方式,针对薄层敏感度高、光谱变化大等问题,通过建立稳定控制膜层厚度的数学模型来减小膜厚误差,提高制备精度和成膜稳定性。对减反射膜进行环测实验,优化调整工艺参数,侧重提高减反射膜的硬度和耐水煮能力。实验结果表明,最终制备出的减反射膜在420~680 nm波段内的平均反射率约为0.044%,最高反射率为0.0712%,克服了以MgF2为外层的减反射膜机械性能和化学稳定性较差的问题,满足工程应用低损耗、稳定可靠、高强度、可重复性制备的要求。

轻钢龙骨防火组合楼板梁板节点连接试验研究

轻钢龙骨防火组合楼板是一种新型的装配式楼板,因为自重较小,同时具有较大的承载力,板底板顶附层为防火楼板,具有较好的防火能力,该种楼板作为简支板直接放置于工字钢梁上,支座处无法传递负弯矩,因此在梁顶支座处会出现一条通缝,严重影响使用效果,同时简支板体系也不符合抗震规范的要求。本文提出一种新的支座处梁板节点连接方式,目的是通过合理连接,实现支座处能够传递负弯矩,由简支变为固结。试验采用液压千斤顶对试件施加静荷载,对11个全比例节点连接试件进行研究,考虑连接件搭接长度、连接件厚度、连接所用的自攻螺钉(螺栓)的数量,以及连接件尺寸对梁板连接节点承载力和挠度的影响,并对节点连接件与C型轻钢龙骨之间的变形协调能力做出了分析。研究表明,本文提出的以Z型钢为连接件的梁板节点连接方法安全可靠,可实现该新型楼板的双跨以及多跨连接。

考虑光强分布的光通信光栅列阵光束整形方法

光栅单元阵列由大量的单元组成,每个单元的大小和形状都需要精确控制,以确保光束的整形效果。然而,在光通信过程中,光强分布的变化会导致光栅列阵中每个单元的响应度不一致,从而引起每个单元接收到的光信号出现差异,进而影响光束的整形效果。因此,提出一种考虑光强分布的光通信光栅列阵光束整形方法。以光通信光栅列阵中的最常用的列阵波导光栅为例,通过阵列波导结构中的阵列波导的芯区宽度、芯区折射率、包层折射率、波导周期宽度等参数,结合波导中的传播常数受到光束波长和折射率影响,得到阵列波导的归一化本征方程,将其结果结合匀化洛伦兹函数得到入射光和出射光的光强分布,通过计算得到光通信光栅列阵光束入射光及出射光的映射函数,利用函数调整光学参数,实现光通信光栅列阵光束整形。实验结果表明:该方法对光通信光栅列阵光束的整形效果好,整形光束的能量利用率高,光束不均匀性小。

一种小尺寸轫致辐射转换靶设计

以减小直线感应加速器X射线光源横向尺寸为目标,开展轫致辐射转换靶的设计。对聚焦打靶过程中电子束运动轨迹进行分析,指出同一个电子束轨迹分布,既可以描述为电子束在某纵向位置处具有一定的横向展宽,也可以描述为电子束保持较小横向尺寸时的轴向分布展宽,由此提出在束腰附近放置多个小靶片实现聚焦电子束有效阻挡的小尺寸多层靶概念设计。采用EGS4程序对X射线产额进行计算,发现靶厚度在一定范围内改变时X射线产额变化较小,基于这一规律完成了小尺寸多层靶的结构设计。进一步考察了一个设计应用实例,当聚焦电子束最小包络直径3 mm、会聚角100 mrad时,对比大尺寸靶,采用小尺寸多层靶可以获得等效直径减小约50%、产额减小约10%的X射线光源。该设计方法有望在相同的电子束品质和聚焦条件下,获得横向尺寸小于电子束最小束包络直径的X射线光源,具有一定的应用价值。