Research advances on transfer zones in rift basins and their influence on hydrocarbon accumulation

Transfer zones are structural areas of faults interactions where fault motion or displacement can be transferred from one fault to another, regional strain maintains laterally constant. Transfer zones are widely developed in rift basins and have significance on hydrocarbon accumulation. In this review article, we attempt to summarize recent advances on the types, distance-displacement curves, evolutionary stages and controlling factors of transfer zones in rift basins and their effects on sedimentary systems, reservoir properties, trap formation and hydrocarbon migration. The formation of transfer zones is genetically related to the segmented growth of normal faults. Depending on the degree of interaction between these normal faults, transfer zones in rift basins could be divided into two types: soft-linked and hard-linked, which are further subdivided into transfer slope, oblique anticline, horst and transfer fault based on the combination patterns of normal faults. In general, the development of transfer zones experiences several stages including isolated normal faulting, transfer slope forming, complicating and breaking. During the interaction and growth of segmented normal faults, stress-strain and spatial array of faults, pre-existing basement structures, and mechanical conditions of rocks have a great influence on the location and development processes of transfer zones. A transfer zone is commonly considered as a pathway for conveying sediments from provenance to basin, and it hence exerts an essential control on the distribution of sandbodies. In addition, transfer zone is the area where stresses are concentrated, which facilitates the formation of various types of structural traps, and it is also a favorable conduit for hydrocarbon migration. Consequently, there exists great hydrocarbon potentials in transfer zones to which more attention should be given.

Credit Risk Transfer and the Performance of Commercial Banks --Based on the Panel Data

Based on the panel data, we analyze the US commercial banks＇ CRT. According to the study, we find that the introduction of CRT will increase the level of banks＇ liquid risk. The performance of bank mainly is that its supervision and review of risk will drop, based on the impact of asymmetric information, commercial Banks transfer the bad loans to investors. Through the analysis we can see that after the transfer of credit risk in commercial bank did not increase income and reduce risk. Because commercial Banks can extend more bad loans to expand its lending scale, and bad loans will increase the bank overall risk.

Oil source and migration process in oblique transfer zone of Fushan Sag,northern South China Sea

The oblique transfer zone in the Fushan Sag, a syndepositional dome sandwiched between the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags, has been the most important exploration target. The major oil observation occurs in the E_2l_1^(L+M) and the E_2l_3~U. 46 oil and rock samples reveal that the oil in the transfer zone is mostly contributed by the Bailian sub-sag, though the source rock conditions, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion histories of the Bailian and Huangtong sub-sags are similar. The E_2l_3~U oil, characterized by high maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, shows a close genetic affinity with the E_2l_3~b source rocks, while the E_2l_1^(L+M) oil, characterized by lower maturity, Pr/Ph ratio and oleanane/C_(30)-hopane ratio, is suggested to be derived from the E_2l_(1+2)~b source rocks. The homogenization temperatures of aqueous fluid inclusions, taking the burial history of the reservoirs into account, reflect that the oil charge mainly occurred from mid-Miocene to Pliocene in the oblique transfer zone. The oil transporting passages include connected sand bodies, unconformities and faults in the Fushan Sag. Of these, the faults are the most complicated and significant. The faults differ sharply in the west area, the east area and the oblique transfer zone, resulting in different influence on the oil migration and accumulation. During the main hydrocarbon charge stage, the faults in the west area are characterized by bad vertical sealing and spatially dense distribution. As a result, the oil generated by the Huangtong source rocks is mostly lost along the faults during the vertical migration in the west area. This can be the mechanism proposed to explain the little contribution of the Huangtong source rocks to the oil in the oblique transfer zone. Eventually, an oil migration and accumulation model is built in the oblique transfer zone, which may provide theoretical and practical guides for the oil exploration.

An Research on the Model Design of the Academic Education's Credit Transfer in the Open University

Based on the analyses of the credit bank both at home and abroad, explore the effective way to construct the credit transfer model, find out the main problems in the process of transferring, design a much better model, formulate a new standard for credit transfer and carry out the research on the model design of the academic education's credit transfer in the open university.

Certification and Conversion Mode of Learning Achievement Based on Credit Bank under the Background of Higher Vocational Enrollment Expansion

Credit bank system is a very important management mode in current higher vocational education,and it is also an important means for the Ministry of Education to promote China's modern education reform.This paper combines the specific background of higher vocational enrollment expansion,expounds the practical significance of the credit bank system in the training of the expanded enrollment talents,and explores the methods and rules of the authentication and transformation of the learning achievement of the expanded enrollment students under the system.In order to achieve convergence of different types of learning results,smooth talent growth channel,a useful exploration is carried out.

TRANSFERENCE AND ACCUMULATIVE PECULIARITY OF ENRICHED URANIUM IN ORGANISM

Studies show that 235UO2F2 was chiefly localized in kidneys, then in skeleton and liver. Its radioactivity in skeleton rose steadily while the concentration in kidneys and liver droped. 235UO2F2 was difficult to pass through the blood- testes barrier. With 1 to 6 h contact period, only 1.4-1.6 % 235UO2F2 was found in the intact skin, but 41-54 % in the abrasive skin. The dynamic retention of 235UO2F2 through intact or abrasive skins was also dominantly localized in kidneys, skeleton and liver. Accumulation of insoluble 235U3O8 in gastrointestinal tract was well described by a double- exponential- term expression. Values of retention were estimated for fast component T1= 0.34 d, and for relatively long term component T2= 4.05 d.

Research on Personal Credit Risk Assessment Model Based on Instance-Based Transfer Learning

Personal credit risk assessment is an important part of the development of financial enterprises. Big data credit investigation is an inevitable trend of personal credit risk assessment, but some data are missing and the amount of data is small, so it is difficult to train. At the same time, for different financial platforms, we need to use different models to train according to the characteristics of the current samples, which is time-consuming. In view of these two problems, this paper uses the idea of transfer learning to build a transferable personal credit risk model based on Instance-based Transfer Learning (Instance-based TL). The model balances the weight of the samples in the source domain, and migrates the existing large dataset samples to the target domain of small samples, and finds out the commonness between them. At the same time, we have done a lot of experiments on the selection of base learners, including traditional machine learning algorithms and ensemble learning algorithms, such as decision tree, logistic regression, xgboost and so on. The datasets are from P2P platform and bank, the results show that the AUC value of Instance-based TL is 24% higher than that of the traditional machine learning model, which fully proves that the model in this paper has good application value. The model’s evaluation uses AUC, prediction, recall, F1. These criteria prove that this model has good application value from many aspects. At present, we are trying to apply this model to more fields to improve the robustness and applicability of the model;on the other hand, we are trying to do more in-depth research on domain adaptation to enrich the model.

Research on the Pricing of Convertible bonds in China Migration risk based on credit rating

At present,further research and exploration on credit risks are being carried out in the global field,and increasingly profound modem credit risks are exposed to the bond market.This requires that we cannot ignore the impact of credit rating migration risk on bond pricing,so as to adapt to the sustainable and healthy development of the bond market under the new normal of China's economy.The innovation point of this paper is to try to analyze the pricing of Convertible bonds in China from the perspective of credit rating migration risk.Tsiveriotis and Femandes(1998)model is selected,and the credit risk in the model is assumed to be caused by the credit rating migration risk,and the credit spread is used to measure the credit rating migration risk.The research conclusion of this paper is as follows:First,it is valid to consider the risk of credit rating migration in the TF(1998)model.The market price of convertible bonds is on average 1.22% higher 1han the theoretical value of the model.In general,the theoretical value obtained from the model has little deviation from the market price,and has a good fitting degree.Second,from the Angle of credit rating,the selection of 32 samples of convertible bonds only empirical research shows that the credit rating of AA-convertible bonds average deviation rate is negative,suggest that the credit rating of AA-the phenomenon of convertible bonds value is underestimated,and AAA credit rating to AA,AA+,the average deviation rate of convertible bonds is positive,that credit rating AA(containing AA)more convertible bond value is overrated phenomenon,and the higher the credit rating of the average deviation rate of convertible bond,the greater the overvalued levels.It has certain guiding significance for participants in the convertible bond market.

广西不同绿肥油菜品种的养分累积差异及富硒品种筛选

【目的】探明不同绿肥油菜品种的养分差异及对土壤硒富集效应,为丰富绿肥油菜品种及广西富硒土壤资源应用提供理论依据。【方法】以川油36(CY36)、丰油823(FY823)和沣油919(FY919)等19个绿肥油菜品种为研究对象,采用盆栽试验,研究不同品种生物量,氮、磷、钾和钙养分累积差异及对土壤硒吸收、富集的响应。【结果】不同绿肥油菜品种之间的地上部生物量、地下部生物量和总生物量均存在一定差异。地上部干生物量为4.49~6.62 g/盆,地下部为0.14~0.84 g/盆;总干生物量为4.82~7.14 g/盆。总生物量前3位的中双9号、沣油958和南油12显著高于生物量最低的3个品种(花油8号、川油36和华湘油12号);地上部氮、磷、钾和钙养分含量分别为8.86~19.64 g/kg、 0.69~2.24 g/kg、 13.07~37.68 g/kg和11.82~34.23 g/kg。浙油51号和花油6号地上部和地下部的养分含量均较高。氮、磷、钾和钙含量综合评分排序前3位的油菜品种为浙油51、中双10号和花油6号。硒含量地上部为0.095~0.369 mg/kg,地下部为0.160~0.579 mg/kg;全株硒含量为0.111~0.382 mg/kg;沣油919、绵油88和圣光86的地上部、地下部和全株硒含量较高,均显著高于其他油菜品种;硒总累积量在0.552~2.286μg/盆,沣油919和绵油88显著高于其他油菜品种。【结论】综合各品种的养分累积量和硒素吸收特性,沣油919、绵油88和圣光86的富硒能力较强,可作为广西富硒土壤资源高效利用的绿肥油菜品种。

中小企业融资难背景下的商业银行信用风险缓释行为研究:信用风险转移or贷款出售?

在面临高风险的中小企业贷款时,商业银行如何签订信用衍生产品合约来缓解自身信用风险,进而在支持中小企业和民营企业融资时实现自身的最大效用,成为商业银行支持中小企业融资需要重点考虑的问题。本文将信用风险转移工具与贷款出售相结合,比较了存在道德风险与不存在道德风险情况下商业银行的效用差异。理论模型分析表明,当不存在道德风险时,贷款出售市场会保证商业银行实现贷款的期望收益;但监管成本的存在使得信用风险转移工具的使用效用低于贷款的预期收益,且合约支付没有呈现出状态分离特征,商业银行会倾向于使用贷款出售来转移信用风险。在存在道德风险时,贷款出售市场并没有完全对冲商业银行的信用风险;而对于信用风险转移工具而言,当信用风险缓释工具卖方资产管理能力非常强,且大于监管惩罚的期望值时,商业银行能够获得高于贷款预期收益的效用,信用风险转移工具是更优的选择。

高校学分互认的问题审视和对策研究

知识经济时代,学分互认可在更大的范围内跨校融通教育资源,更优配置教育资源,推动学生多样化学习,提高人才产出质量。然而事实上高校学分互认工作推进相对缓慢,成效尚未完全凸显,存在顶层设计不足、校际实施障碍、监督管理缺失等方面的问题。本文在借鉴先进国家经验的基础上,具体提出为规范权责而构建国家主导的学分互认体系、以实施过程规范管理为目标打造学习成果认证共同体、为强化多方监督及评估形成多元利益相关者参与格局的可行对策。

减税冲击、土地调控与城投债定价

减税冲击会加大地方财政压力,而地方政府隐性担保能力的下降会导致城投债发行利差上升;然而,城投债是地方经济建设的重要融资手段,地方政府有动机采取增信措施来抵消减税冲击的影响,甚至促使城投债利差下降。基于2017—2019年的三次增值税税率下调实践,通过产业结构、减税点数和政策时间构造地级市层面的减税冲击变量,分析发现:减税冲击会扩大地方政府的财政收支缺口,但地方政府会采取土地调控措施来为城投公司提供增信,导致城投债的发行利差不升反降;具体而言,面对减税冲击,地方政府并没有调整土地出让结构、提高工业用地和住宅用地出让价格,而是通过向城投公司注入土地资产、提高商服用地出让价格的路径来提升城投公司的融资能力、抵押价值和信用水平,这也反映出地方政府“以地谋发展”的运作方式已由土地财政转向土地金融。因此,应深化土地要素市场化配置改革,打破地方政府在土地征收和出让环节的双垄断格局;划清地方投融资平台和地方政府之间的界限,促进地方财政的可持续发展,改变地方政府过度依赖土地调控的局面。

出资未届期股权转让后的责任承担研究——兼论新《公司法》理解及适用中的理念与原则

在对新《公司法》条文进行解读和适用时,需要引入商业理念来平衡因司法裁判理念所形成的负面冲击,正确理解有限责任原则以及商事信用制度的本质,正确把握《公司法》的价值导向,即不仅着眼于解决纠纷、救济权利,更应展望活跃创新、自由经营、繁荣商业。以对新《公司法》第88条第1款的解读为例,在限期认缴制下,股东享有期限利益,出资未届期股权的转让不构成对出资承诺的违背,故转让人并不承担信用责任。出资未届期股权转让的同时发生权利义务的概括转移,出资义务原则上由受让人承担。但转让人在持股期间负有法定的股东责任,在选任股权受让人时也负有一定的谨慎义务,此时所构成的责任为补充担保责任。但这种补充担保责任的承担是有限度的,基于信用保护和有限责任原则,应以债务形成的时间为标准,划定转让人需要承担的补充担保责任的范围,明确转让人仅须对股权转让前形成的债务承担担保责任。此外,就实践中产生的如部分转让、多次转让、未办理股权变更登记等特殊情形,则应特殊对待。在转让人承担了补充担保责任之后,其既可以选择向公司主张获得所缴纳的受让人不能缴纳部分出资所对应的股权,也可以选择在其所承担的担保责任范围内向受让人进行追偿。面对新《公司法》下出现的大量新规则,新《公司法》第88条第1款的理论分析与解读具有典型意义。对新规则的理论分析和解读,有助于推动《公司法》理念的统一,有助于保持新旧法律规则在理念和原则上的协调,有助于新《公司法》在实施与适用过程中实现法律效果和社会效果的统一。

不同肥密措施对南疆水稻抗倒伏及干物质生产特性和产量的影响

以新稻36号为材料,在南疆地区进行了以氮肥水平(N)作为主区、栽插密度(D)作为副区的田间裂区试验。结果表明,随施氮量增加,第1节间长度、第2节间长度、弯曲力矩、株高和重心高度显著增加,抗折力则先增后降以N2处理(纯N 240 kg/hm^(2))最高;合理密植能够控制个体发育,降低节间长度、弯曲力矩、株高与重心高度;茎秆倒伏指数由上述因素共同影响,施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)、栽插密度20.83~27.78万丛/hm^(2)的处理抗倒伏性较优。花后干物质积累量对籽粒贡献占比为51.69%~76.14%,是籽粒干物质积累量的主要来源,适当增施氮肥能够提高花后干物质积累量与积累率;过量施肥则会使干物质在花前的积累量增大,多用于营养器官生长,不利于向籽粒转运。适度密植有利于提高花后干物质积累量,D4处理(27.78万丛/hm^(2))较其他处理提高18.06%~30.22%,同时也促进了干物质向籽粒的转运。综合来看,施氮量240 kg/hm^(2)、栽插密度27.78万丛/hm^(2)时能显著改善水稻地上部分干物质的比例及干物质分配,且未发生倒伏,有利于产量提高。

获得农业信用担保贷款促进了农户从事农业创业?

基于2022年陕西、山西和江苏三省的微观调研数据,实证分析获得农业信用担保贷款对农户农业创业决策的影响及作用机制,在此基础上分析农村金融环境的调节效应,进而探讨个人特质、创业规模和产业水平对农户从事农业创业影响的异质性。研究发现:(1)获得农业信用担保贷款会显著提升农户从事农业创业的概率;(2)农户获得农业信用担保贷款后,主要通过土地流入、扩大经营面积,增加农机投资、提高农用机械化水平从事农业创业;(3)农村金融环境及其金融深化特征维度在这一过程中发挥着正向的调节作用;(4)相比老年组和低学历水平农户,年轻组和中高学历水平农户获得农业信用担保贷款后会更加积极地从事农业创业,同时对中小规模及村内有特色产业的农业创业促进效应更强。

压水堆沉积物对包壳表面性能影响的模拟研究

随着新一代压水堆燃料循环周期的增加,堆芯中腐蚀产物沉积所带来的影响也日趋严重,沉积物引起的包壳表面温度和物质浓度变化提高了堆芯功率偏移、放射剂量增加和包壳腐蚀的风险。为预测压水堆包壳沉积物带来的风险,本文对附着沉积物的包壳表面传热、传质、流体流动、化学过程进行了多物理场模型建立和优化,计算了不同操作条件、水化学条件和沉积物结构下的包壳表面传热参数和物质传递参数,讨论了沉积物对包壳表面传热性能的影响及硼累积风险,并提出了用于预估沉积物诱导硼累积风险值的关系式。结果表明:在沉积物内发生沸腾时,考虑硼酸挥发过程能够获取更接近实际的沉积物温度分布;对于正常的压水堆条件,40μm沉积物微孔结构中的硼累积量主要源于因包壳表面局部沸腾而导致的硼酸浓缩(0.0574 g/m^(2))和沉积层对硼的吸附作用(4.61×10^(-3) g/m^(2)),孔道中的沉积硼来源于Li_(2)B_(4)O_(7),预估值为8.34×10^(-5) g/m^(2),而LiBO_(2)不发生沉积。

土地出让金划转税务部门征收对城投债的影响效应分析

本文以土地出让金划转税务部门征收这一政策为切入点,考察其对城投债发行规模和信用风险的影响。实证结果显示,土地出让金划转税务部门征收政策实施后,城投债发行规模显著降低,但信用利差显著提升。在此基础上,本文探讨了土地出让金划转税务部门征收对城投债信用风险的异质性影响、经济机制和风险化解渠道,结果显示:与东部地区相比,中部地区和西部地区的城投债信用利差显著提升,与所属较高行政级别地区的城投债相比,所属较低行政级别地区的城投债的信用利差显著提升;较高的土地依赖度、地方债务压力和企业偿债压力会加剧政策实施后城投债的信用风险;发行“借新还旧”城投债有助于缓解政策实施对城投债信用利差的正向效应。本文的研究为全面认识土地出让金征收改革的政策作用提供了事实依据,对防范化解城投债务风险提供了分析路径和参考。

银行信用风险度量Credit Metrics^(TM)模型与CPV模型比较研究

根据新巴塞尔资本协议的基本原则及巴塞尔银行监管委员会推荐的确定资本金的VaR方法,结合中国商业银行目前信用风险管理的实际情况,比较分析CreditMet-ricsTM模型和CPV模型的基本原理和参数选择的共性及差异,对两模型各自特点做出客观评价,结果发现运用CPV模型有利于提高信用风险度量的精确性,为商业银行信用风险管理提供了有益的借鉴.

具有CDS的动态多层网络银行系统性风险研究

美国次贷危机表明CDS对银行系统性风险有很大影响,但CDS如何影响银行系统性风险的机理还未明。因此,构建了一个具有CDS交互作用的动态多层银行网络模型,研究两种经济环境下的CDS对银行系统的双重影响。研究结果表明:经济平稳时期,CDS有风险吸收作用,降低银行系统性风险;经济波动时期,银行因CDS释放的超额风险资产会转变为新的系统性风险;CDS的规模与银行系统性风险呈负相关关系,且规模存在临界值。

微纳富磷生物炭对土壤-苏柳系统中Cu和Pb稳定性的影响

土壤重金属污染对生态环境和人类健康造成严重威胁,生物炭作为优秀土壤改良剂,与植物联合发挥作用,是修复受重金属污染的土壤的潜力途径。以动物源生物质骨粉为原料,采用高温裂解联合湿法球磨技术,制备了两种不同粒径(<75μm和<1.0μm)的富磷生物炭(BC和MBC)。通过大棚盆栽试验,考察不同施用剂量(0、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%,w%)的BC和MBC对重金属污染土壤中Cu和Pb的赋存形态及其在苏柳172(Salix jiangsuensis ‘172’)的积累和转运影响。主要结果如下:1)通过对两种粒径的富磷生物炭进行SEM-EDS-mapping、TEM、XRD和FT-IR等分析表征,证明了富磷生物炭为含有大量的羟基磷灰石的富炭固相材料,且球磨后的MBC的比表面积和孔体积较BC可分别提升5.93倍和4.65倍;2)施用BC和MBC均能有效降低土壤Cu和Pb的生物可利用态含量,且同等剂量MBC的效果更优。在添加2%BC和MBC条件下,Cu和Pb的生物可利用态含量较对照显著降低了6.41%、17.31%和8.84%、30.31%(P<0.05);3)添加BC和MBC均显著增加了苏柳172生物量(P<0.05),显著降低了苏柳172根部中Cu和Pb的含量(P<0.05),但对苏柳172积累Cu和Pb无显著影响(P>0.05);4)BC(0-2.0%)对苏柳172的Cu和Pb生物富集和转运能力无显著影响(P>0.05),而MBC(1.0%-2%)显著提升苏柳172对Cu和Pb的生物富集和转运能力(P<0.05),2.0%MBC可使Cu和Pb的TF值分别提升101.06%和25.16%。该文对了解微纳富磷生物炭联合树木修复Cu、Pb复合污染土壤具有重要意义,可为重金属污染土壤的生态修复提供科学依据。