RMB Exchange Rate,Overseas Education,and High-Quality Economic Growth

China is transitioning its industrial structure from labor-and resource-intensive industries that previously contributed significantly to the country’s GDP growth to technology-intensive industries emphasizing a highly-skilled workforce and sustainability to achieve high-quality economic growth.This paper examines the impact of the RMB exchange rate on high-quality economic growth through theoretical modeling and empirical analysis and discusses the variable of overseas education to explore the mechanism of how the RMB exchange rate and overseas education jointly impact high-quality economic growth.The research sample includes the National Bureau of Statistics data on education from 1995 to 2015,the Bank for International Settlements(BIS)data on the RMB exchange rate,and the added value of China’s high-quality economic growth estimated based on the national economy data.An empirical analysis of theoretical expectations was conducted,finding that RMB appreciation could make a positive contribution to China’s high-quality economic growth;RMB exchange rate fluctuations would impact the relative cost of overseas education and overseas returnees could have a positive impact on domestic resource utilization efficiency and domestic capacity to make sci-tech innovations,thereby injecting vitality to high-quality economic growth.This study focuses on both the RMB exchange rate and the population studying abroad,providing additional observation dimensions to existing research.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth: Nigeria Experience

This study investigated the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Nigeria. Secondary source of data was employed in this study from 1986 to 2017 which were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (2017) published in 2018 and World Development Indicator published in 2019. Descriptive and regression analyses were used as the estimation techniques. The findings of the study revealed that the coefficient value of LFDI is 0.633506 and its p-value is 0.0002 implying that a unit increase in LFDI will increase LGDP with the value of 0.633506. The coefficient value of RINTR is 0.004127 with p-value of 0.310 indicating that a unit increase in real interest rate will increase gross domestic product, but it is not significant. Also, LDI coefficient value is 1.758036 with p-value of 0.0688 implying that a unit increase in domestic investment will increase gross domestic product positively with the value of 1.758036 which is significant at 10% but not significant at 5% alpha level. The coefficient value of exchange rate is 0.835206 with the p-value of 0.0000 signifying that exchange rate is positive and significant to economic growth. It was concluded that foreign direct investment was positive and significant to economic growth of Nigeria while the domestic investment was also positive but not significant at 5% alpha level.

Non-regular Employment of Women,Fertility Rate,and Economic Growth

This study analyzes the interaction between non-regular employment of women and economic growth patterns by an overlapping-generations model.Declining Birthrate White Paper-Cabinet Office(2013)shows the ideal number of children per household is 2.42 compared to the current number of 2.07,which is the lowest so far in Japan.The main reason households do not have the ideal number of children is“the costs burden of childcare and education”and the ratio amounts to 60.4%.In recent years in Japan,households in which both the husband and the wife work are increasing,whereas those in which only the husband works are decreasing.Additionally,although women have same educational background and abilities as men,most women become non-regular employees after marriage and childbirth,which reduces household income.In such a situation,raising the rate of pension insurance will be a big burden for the household and the declining birthrate may be caused by high levels of educational expenditure and pension insurance.The Japanese government has discussed raising the wages of non-regular employees.This paper finds that a rise in the wage rate of non-regular employment is needed under the public pension policy that raises the rate of pension insurance,and it must be at an adequate level.That is,there is a high risk that this policy will have a negative effect on Japan’s economic growth if an adequate level is not achieved.

Supply-Side Structural Reforms and China's Potential Economic Growth Rate

This paper examines the effect of supply-side structural reforms on China＇s potential economic growth rate in the coming decade according to the data the authors have gathered. Under the rapid growth scenario with the implementation of supply-side structural reforms, China＇s potential economic growth rate will reach an average of 6.5% and 5.8% respectively in the 13th Five-year Plan （2016-2020） and 14th Five-year Plan （2021-2025） periods. These rates are 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points higher, respectively, than that under the baseline scenario with the inertia of historic trends. In implementing supply-side structural reforms, China must transform governmental functions, break monopolies, create a comprehensive competitive market environment, foster the creation of pro-innovation mechanisms, refocus on quality and efficiency, and raise capital utilization and labor productivity.

An empirical analysis of the IT industry's impacts on economic growth in China

With its increasing contributions to economic growth and its important role in optimizing industrial structure and stabilizing overall prices, China's information technology (IT) industry has grown into a dominant industrial sector in promoting the country's economic development. Its high level of total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates makes China's technical advances rely more and more on IT innovation and application. Under the current global economic crisis, the industry will remain an important source for economic growth.

Principle of Classification of Economic Growth Mode

In this paper, the economic growth factors are classified into two types and three kinds by the growth rate function of Solow. Based on their contribution, the economic growth mode is classified into three types and eight kinds. The case analysis of the classfication of economic growth mode is given. Finally, the paper gives the economic growth function which describes the principle of interaction among economic growth factors.

China's economic growth and the inflation cycles since reform and opening to the outside world

This paper analyzes the cyclical characteristics of China’s economic growth and inflation since reform and opening-up, and explores the intrinsic link between the two.The study will be a guideline to keep a good balance between economic growth and inflation.

The New Normal from the Perspective of Macro History and Grand Logic of China's Economic Development

This paper attempts to explain the "new normal" of China's economic development put forward by XI Jinping, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from three perspectives. First, as the new normal is a natural phase of long-term development in the country's renaissance, recognition of it helps policy-making to hold a historical perspective and maintain a patience in the face of growth slowdown. Second, the new normal as the logic of China's economic development underlines the necessity and urgency of transforming growth patterns and growth drivers. Third, different from the "new mediocre" of the world economy, the new normal reveals great potentials of sustainable growth of the Chinese economy that must be tapped through structural reforms.

China＇s Economic Growth Cycles over the Past 60 Years and the Current New Cycle

This paper first summarizes China＇s economic growth rate fluctuations over the past 60 years since 1949 and examines the new developments in China＇s economic structure behind these fluctuations since reform and opening-up in the late 1970s.In tackling the global financial crisis,China is embracing a new economic cycle and must draw upon its economic history to prolong the upward momentum in the new cycle.To do so means maintaining an appropriate growth rate in the new cycle.This paper also analyzes the importance urbanization and the housing sector will play in the new cycle and how to address rising housing prices.

China’s Potential Economic Growths during 2015-2025 under Different Scenarios~

China has entered a crucial period of further growth and restructuring that will last until 2025. Based on a review of the major factors affecting China＇s potential economic growth, this paper has created an integrated economic system model consisting of system dynamics, econometrics, and input-output for the forecast of China＇s economic size and structure by 2025. Analysis shows that prior to 2025, China will be able to maintain a potential annual economic growth rate of 5.7%-7.2%. Faced with an international environment of a possible slowdown of advanced economies and diminishing demographic dividends, China needs to further expedite its urbanization process, enhance R＆D and education spending, increase total factor productivity （TFP）, vigorously develop the tertiary sector, and expand consumption in order to achieve the optimistically estimated growth of 6.6%-7.4% during the period of 2015-2025. Economic growth should be accompanied by the upgrade of industry structure and improvement of investment and consumption structures.

政治关系、经济增长率对中国在欧洲OFDI的影响——基于33个欧洲国家面板数据的实证研究

欧洲是中国重要的投资目的地,近年来因其内部政治格局调整、经济增速放缓,使中国对欧洲OFDI的风险增大。文章选取33个欧洲国家2010年—2019年面板数据,构建固定效应模型探讨双边政治关系及经济增长率对中国在欧洲OFDI的影响。结果表明:良好的双边政治关系不仅能够促进中国OFDI,还能减弱东道国监管对中国OFDI的不利影响;东道国经济增长率可通过调节市场规模对中国OFDI的正向影响,进而促进中国OFDI;中国对东道国出口额、东道国市场规模、东道国税收负担对中国OFDI均具有显著影响;同时,中国OFDI存在地区异质性和经济体异质性,表明中国对不同地区或不同经济体进行直接投资的动机和目标差异较大。今后应进一步巩固和深化双边政治关系,积极构建并逐步完善中国OFDI安全审查机制,助力中国对欧洲OFDI持续增长。

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CYCLES IN MODERN CHINA

If the theory of cyclical fluctuation can be applied to modern China, the economic development ofChina in this period can be seen as consisting of several stages. At each stage as well as in the wholeperiod, chosen index system is likely to help measure the growth rate. By vertical and horizontal com-parison, this paper will try to settle the disputes on China’s modern economic development.

Does financial depth impact economic growth in North Cyprus?

This study purpose is to connect the proxy of financial development which is total banking sector’s deposits with the economic growth in North Cyprus.The reason for using the total deposit differently with the existing literature is because North Cyprus is bank-based financial system.Therefore,this study provides an analysis of the connection between finance-growth nexus in North Cyprus from 1978 through 2015,using the autoregressive distributed lag(ARDL)model and combined cointegration to evaluate and verify the relationship.In addition,this research added the inflation rate to the model specification to investigate the inflation-growth interaction.The results revealed that both methods of cointegration provided robust evidence for a long-run relationship between financial debt and growth.The ARDL long-run and short-run coefficients showed the positive impact of depth and the negative impact of inflation on economic growth,thereby confirming the strength of the financegrowth and inflation-growth connections.Moreover,financial depth had a larger coefficient than the inflation rate.Finally,the VECM Granger causality test provided evidence for unidirectional causality from the total deposits and inflation rate to economic growth in North Cyprus.These results are significant for the policymakers of North Cyprus because the findings show that economic growth can be improved by enhancing the deposit rates in the financial system.

Elasticity Ratio of Resource Consumption and the Resource Consumption

Today the resources are becoming scarcer, which should not be regarded as unexhausted any more. Correspondingly, the production would be constrained by the scarcity of resources clearly. Then the economic researchers would pay much more attention to reducing the consumption of natural resources in the future. Therefore this paper brings foreword the conception of elasticity ratio of resource consumption based on the concept of elasticity and analyzes the relationship between the parameters. For the certain relationships between the elasticity ratio of resource consumption and resource consumption, this paper will try to reveal, to keep economy growing while resource consumption reducing, what conditions should be met as to the relationships among resource productivity, its growth rate, energy saving efficiency, economic growth rate and elasticity ratio of resource consumption. This paper proves the relationship between the China＇s energy consumption and economy growth using statistic data from 1978 to 2003.

The Impact of Money Supply on the Economy:A Panel Study on Selected Countries

This study investigates the impact of money supply on economic growth rate,inflation rate,exchange rate and real interest rate.We used a panel of 217 countries from 1960 to 2020 and four different models to address these questions.The empirical results support the quantity theory of money.In addition,the study found evidence for a negative relationship between real interest rate and inflation and between money supply and real interest rate.Finally,our results show that lagged money growth rate is positively correlated with GDP growth rate but money growth rate is negatively correlated with GDP growth rate.

China's economic growth pushed by domestic demand and relevant measures

By contrast to a slowdown in the world economy, China kept up a rapid growth rate, a relatively high quality of growth and low inflation for the year 2001. This is mainly due to the result of proactive fiscal policies that the Chinese Government adopted to stimulate domestic demand. Domestic demand can be divided into investment demand and consumption demand,

人口结构变化、老龄化趋势及延迟退休对经济增长的影响

检验人口结构对经济增长的影响,预测人口总量及其结构的走势和老龄化的未来趋势,分析人口总量及其结构,尤其是老龄化趋势对经济增长的影响。研究发现:第一,劳动力数量和劳动力占比增加、人口抚养比下降会促进经济增长,在对经济增长的回归中人口结构的解释力不及劳动力数量,但在预测未来时人口结构变化的影响力更大。第二,总人口会在低方案情况下已步入下降通道,如果总和生育率不快速提升的话,中国的老龄化程度在近50年将持续加深。第三,延迟退休可以减少老龄化对经济增长的负面冲击;提高生育率可以减缓老龄化程度,但在短期会抑制经济增长。延迟退休方案增加劳动人口越多,越能促进经济增长,延迟退休实施的力度越大,法定退休年龄越大,对老龄化的缓冲程度越大。如果男女每年延迟退休递增1年,分别最终延迟到70岁和65岁,在一些年份甚至可以完全抵消老龄化的抑制作用。

日粮中添加蜜蜂肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及养殖经济效益的影响

[目的]研究日粮中添加蜜蜂肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及养殖经济效益的影响。[方法]将80头体重相近的21日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪随机分为4组(对照组及试验Ⅰ组~Ⅲ组),每组2个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组~Ⅲ组基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 mg/kg的蜜蜂肽。预饲期7 d,正饲期28 d。记录各组仔猪的试验初体重、试验末体重、采食量以及腹泻发生情况,计算平均日增重、平均日采食量、腹泻率,根据饲料成本和增重情况计算养殖经济效益。[结果]与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组~Ⅲ组仔猪的试验末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著(P<0.05)提高,料重比和腹泻率均显著(P<0.05)降低。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组仔猪的试验末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著(P<0.05)高于试验Ⅰ组,料重比和腹泻率均显著(P<0.05)低于试验Ⅰ组。试验Ⅲ组仔猪的试验末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比及腹泻率均优于试验Ⅱ组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ组~Ⅲ组的利润分别比对照组增加11.926、23.986、27.224元/头,试验Ⅲ组的养殖经济效益最好。[结论]日粮中添加蜜蜂肽可以提高断奶仔猪生长性能,降低腹泻率,增加养殖经济效益。综合来看,添加600 mg/kg的蜜蜂肽效果最好。

中国环保考核制度调整与经济增长方式转变

经济增长与环境污染之间的关系,是经济增长方式最直接的体现之一。首先分析城市经济增长率与企业二氧化硫排放量之间的关系,发现其在2005年前后发生了根本性转变:在2005年以前,二者高度正相关,而在2005年以后,这种相关性明显减弱。机制分析发现:出现这一转变的直接原因是在2005年及以后随着经济增长率的提高,企业更多地使用清洁能源代替非清洁能源;更深层的原因则是在2005年以前地方官员选择放松环境规制促进经济增长,而2005年及以后此动机因官员环保考核制度调整而受到抑制。进一步分析发现,重污染行业占比不同的城市在2005年及以后选择了不同的“清洁化”增长战略。分析表明,2005年环保考核制度调整使中国的经济增长方式发生了根本性转变。