Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.

Tensile bond anchorage properties of Australian 500N steel bars in concrete

In order to investigate the tensile bond anchorage properties of Australian 500N steel bars in concrete, 111 pullout tests were conducted. The precise bond slip values have been gained by using the laser displacement sensor with high resolution, including the complete bond-slip curves. How the main anchorage factors such as concrete strength, bar diameter （8, I0, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 mm） the concrete covered, embedded length and transverse reinforcement influencing the bond anchorage properties was studied under tensile condition. The process of the tensile force-slip failure for Australian 500N reinforcing steel can be divided into five stages： elastic stage, local slip stage, slip in ascent stage, slip in descent stage and remnant stage. The formula for calculating the tensile bond strength of Australian 500N reinforcing bar in concrete was proposed according to the test results, including the consistent model for tensile bond-slip relationship.

Study on the resistance spot welding technology of 22MnMoB hot stamping quenched steel

In this paper, the spot welding technology of a new kind of 22MnMoB hot stamping quenched steel sheet was systematically studied by power frequency spot welder. Through a series of technology and test experiments, we have obtained the optimal spot welding technological parameter condition. According to the results, the relations among spot welding technological parameter, welding nugget, mechanical property and fracture mode were discussed. The effects of all the welding parameters such as welding current, welding time and electrode force on the quality of joint can be boiled down to one thing--the diameter of welding nugget. The experimental results showed that welding nugget diameter determines the mechanical property of spot welding joint and the relation between welding nugget diameter and the mechanical property of joint presents a kind of linear mathematic representation. There are two typical fracture models of 22MnMoB hot stamping quenched steel sheet, i.e., interracial fracture and nugget pullout. Other than mild steel or normal high strength steel, in the shearing tensile test, hot stamping quenched steel has a great tendency to fail in interfacial mode due to the effects of high strength matrix structure, welding soft zone and the porosity level of fusion zone.

Effect of Pipe Diameter on Electrochemical Behavior of Stainless Steel Type 304 Pipes in Tap Water

We investigated the effects of pipe diameter on the corrosion resistance of stainless steel type 304 pipes using electrochemical measurements. Compared to plate steel, pipes have harder physical properties and tend to be harder and showed greater permeability with decreasing inner diameter. We found that the maximum corrosion current density in the secondary active state, which is the starting point of secondary passivation, appeared in the polarization curve measurement in tap water. Similar to the Vickers hardness and the maximum current density in the secondary active state, the permeability tended to increase as the diameter decreased. This is thought to increase the amount of deformation-induced martensitic and increase corrosion susceptibility. The peak of the secondary active current density was clearly seen as the potential sweep speed was increased. In addition, potential sweep speed dependence was observed in the corrosion susceptibility evaluation of deformation-induced martensite. In comparison with acid treatment, the formation of deformation-induced martensite was considered to occur in the extreme surface layer. The maximum corrosion current density in the secondary active state is expected to be a new susceptibility evaluation method for evaluating the deformation-induced martensitic transformation.

Soil Plug Effect Prediction and Pile Driveability Analysis for Large-Diameter Steel Piles in Ocean Engineering

Long steel piles with large diameters have been more widely used in the field of ocean engineering. Owing to the pile with a large diameter, soil plug development during pile driving has great influences on pile driveability and bearing capacity. The response of soil plug developed inside the open-ended pipe pile during the dynamic condition of pile-driving is different from the response under the static condition of loading during service. This paper addresses the former aspect. A numerical procedure for soil plug effect prediction and pile driveabihty analysis is proposed and described. By taking into consideration of the pile dimension effect on side and tip resistance, this approach introduces a dimensional coefficient to the conventional static eqnihbrium equations for the plug differential unit and proposes an improved static equity method for the plug effect prediction. At the same time, this approach introduces a simplified model by use of one-dimensional stress wave equation to simulate the interaction between soil plug and pile inner wall. The proposed approach has been applied in practical engineering analyses. Results show that the calculated plug effect and pile driveabihty based on the proposed approach agree well with the observed data.

Investigation of Working Bodies of the Device for Separation of Fibers Suitable for Spinning from Cotton Waste

It is known that fiber wastes (lint, down and seeds) produced at ginneries contain fibers that are suitable for spinning and can be used in industry, and their separation significantly increases the level of fiber production (1.9% - 2.5%). Based on these analyzes, the study aimed to create a new device that separates long fibers from lint and down. As a result, the amount of fiber output in the enterprise will increase and the enterprise will have significant economic benefits. In addition, the introduction of the device will prevent the addition of long fibers (longer than 16 mm) that can be used in the textile industry to the waste. This article focuses on the creation of a fiber separation device suitable for the treatment and spinning of fibrous waste produced in ginneries. The study theoretically examined the main working bodies of the fiber separation device from waste. Theoretical research is devoted to the study of the strength of the main working body of the fiber separation device−the separating saw drum and its shaft. In the study, the sawdust drum is a more stressed steel coating, and it was found that the strength reserve of this drum is [δТ] = 2.03 (where δТ = 0.8 - 2.5) was found to be. As a result of calculating the resistance of the saw drum shaft to stiffness and vibration, it was determined that the shafts are resistant to vibration under periodic loading and that the oscillation frequency along its axis through the critical rotation frequency is vcr=10.3 Gts.

Distribution of Welding Residual Stress of Mixed Steel U-Rib-Stiffened Plates

To analyze the effects of width and thickness of each composition element of mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates on the welding residual stress distribution, the distribution of the U-rib and the plate residual stress was calculated using a simplified calculation method. The method involved welding the mixed steel U-rib-stiffened plates for a structure with different sizes and different strength ratios of U-rib to plate. Based on a welding residual stress numerical simulation method validated by the blind hole method test, the distribution law of the mixed steel U-rib stiffened plate was studied. The results showed that the change of plate width has little impact on the welding residual stress and that the ratio of the thicknesses of the plate to U-rib stiffeners, the thickness of the plate, and the thickness of the U-rib has a great influence on the distribution of the welding residual stress. The thickness of plate and steel strength also greatly influenced the distribution width of the residual tensile stress. While analyzing the compression capacity of U-rib-stiffened plates, the simplified distribution of welding residual stress was used.

Bending tests and finite element analysis of lipped channels with complex edge stiffeners and web stiffeners

In order to study the bearing capacity and stability behavior of cold-formed steel flexural members with complicated sections,a total of 12 specimens divided into 6 groups were tested,including 3 groups of pure bending tests and non-pure bending tests each.There were three types of sections considered in this investigation,including channels with complex edge stiffeners(called B1-section),Σsection with complex edge stiffeners(called B2-section),and channels with complex edge stiffeners and V-type web stiffeners(called B3-section).Local buckling,distortional buckling and interaction buckling between them were observed in tests.The experimental results indicate that the bending strengths of B2-section specimens were the largest of these three types of specimens under the same conditions.It is found that the bending strength of B2-section specimens was increased by 6.47%for pure bending state and 8.12%for non-pure bending state,compared with that of B1-section specimens.Bending strength of B3-section specimens was almost the same with that of B1-section specimens under pure bending,but a little smaller than that of B1-section under non-pure bending state.It is also shown that B2-section specimens have better plastic deformation behavior than the other two sections.In addition,a non-linear finite element model was presented and verified against tests.The finite element analysis results agree well with experimental bending strength and failure modes.

Three-Dimensional Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method Modeling for Predicting Weld-Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Steel Stiffened-Plate Structures

The objective of the present paper is to develop nonlinear finite element method models for predicting the weld-induced initial deflection and residual stress of plating in steel stiffened-plate structures. For this purpose, three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method computations are performed with varying plate thickness and weld bead length (leg length) in welded plate panels, the latter being associated with weld heat input. The finite element models are verified by a comparison with experimental database which was obtained by the authors in separate studies with full scale measurements. It is concluded that the nonlinear finite element method models developed in the present paper are very accurate in terms of predicting the weld-induced initial imperfections of steel stiffened plate structures. Details of the numerical computations together with test database are documented.

高填方大直径钢波纹管涵变形机制与控制技术研究

目的 研究高填方大直径钢波纹管涵变形机制与控制技术,解决其结构变形过大的问题。方法 基于管道压缩变形公式,提出在管涵两侧一定范围内填筑水泥土材料的新技术;通过室内试验确定水泥土材料中最优水泥质量分数,再基于数值模拟和现场试验分析采用新技术施工的管涵结构的受力及变形特征及其上部竖向土压力分布规律,确定最优管侧填筑范围。结果 新填筑技术能充分利用水泥土的刚度限制管涵的变形,当管涵两侧2/3管径范围内采用水泥质量分数为8%水泥土回填时,管涵的最大竖向及水平变形分别减少了35.1%和55.0%,结构最大应力也由管顶处转移至管涵上部45°附近,受力更为合理。结论 新填筑技术使管涵更好地与周围土体逐步变形协调,产生荷载重分布形成土拱效应,将管顶土压力由管中心向管边缘处转移,有效减小了钢波纹管涵结构变形和应力集中。

深海无人系统大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计与试验研究

环肋圆柱壳是深海无人系统广泛采用的一种耐压结构形式,保障其结构安全是系统研制过程中非常重要的一环。针对环肋圆柱壳的结构特征推导了组合结构重量关系式和结构参数简化估算方法,并以一种超长型深海无人系统耐压结构为例,围绕大长径比环肋圆柱壳的结构形式、设计计算、仿真分析、模型验证等开展研究。研究表明提出的大长径比环肋圆柱壳结构设计参数简化估算方法具有较好的适应性。相关计算和分析结果可以为该型深海无人系统结构设计提供技术支撑,也可以为其他类似耐压结构设计提供参考。

大直径钢筒圆度异常区快速检测方法

大直径钢筒在制作、运输、安装及运行时均可能因某些原因导致其出现一个或多个圆度异常区,以至于不满足设备验收和运行的相关要求。目前,针对大直径钢筒圆度异常的检测方法均较为复杂,并不适合快速检出。为此,本文基于三坐标测量原理,结合高精度全站仪的非接触自动测量模式,并采用Matlab编制了自动搜索程序,提出了大直径钢筒圆度异常区的快速检测方法。通过AutoCAD算例模拟和现场实测,结果表明,该检测方法不仅速度快,且可通过增加测点密度实现大幅提高检出精度,为后续修复和改进工作提供准确数据。

纵向钢筋C型卡槽连接单向拉伸力学性能

为提高装配式纵向钢筋连接的施工效率,提出了C型卡槽连接方式,制作9个连接件并进行单向拉伸试验,观察其破坏形态,研究试件荷载-位移曲线、应变发展过程,分析不同锚固板直径对连接件连接性能的影响;基于混凝土局部受压计算公式,推导出C型卡槽连接钢筋的承载力计算公式,并给出不同锚固板直径与带锚固板钢筋直径的适配表。结果表明:锚固板直径为43 mm和48 mm的连接件发生带锚固板钢筋拉断破坏,荷载-位移曲线与单根钢筋拉伸的荷载-位移曲线相似,均能满足JGJ 107—2016和ACI 318对接头的强度要求;锚固板直径为38 mm的连接件是依据JGJ 256—2011选取锚固板直径,试验过程中发生带锚固板钢筋拔出破坏,证明按照规程取值,锚固板直径偏小,无法满足连接要求;锚固板直径为38 mm的连接件其荷载-位移曲线呈现波浪形,承载力虽小于前两者,但仍具有较好的延性和较高的残余承载力;所有连接件的C型卡槽在整个受力过程中应变值较小,始终处于弹性阶段,C型卡槽环向应变表现为压应变,C型卡槽连接钢筋承载力的理论计算结果与试验结果相符。

大跨径刚性悬链桁架桥不带加劲弦顶推施工技术

针对悬链形上加劲连续钢桁梁桥建造,提出不带加劲弦多点同步顶推施工技术,在边跨设置拼装平台,在中跨设置临时墩,分段拼装,顶推钢桁梁,最后吊装合龙加劲弦。在施工中,设置大临结构,以减小钢桁梁的悬臂长度,适应了钢桁梁拼装及顶推装置布置的要求;采用同步控制系统与纠偏装置,解决了多点同步顶推与钢桁梁线性控制的难题;通过有限元仿真分析,验证了顶推过程的可行性;采用落梁法,解决了钢桁主梁合龙及加劲弦合龙的难题。

隧道管棚支护承载特性及支护参数试验研究

为探究隧道管棚注浆钢管不同支护参数对管棚支护承载能力的影响,引入Pasternak双参数模型构建出更符合实际情况的管棚支护力学模型,通过多组室内试验,对管棚在不同注浆钢管管径、壁厚、注浆饱满度及加设钢筋笼条件下的承载能力进行定量研究。研究表明:1)管棚注浆钢管支护参数中,对管棚承载能力的影响排序为:管径>注浆饱满度>壁厚>钢筋笼。2)增大管棚注浆钢管管径可大幅提高管棚的承载能力,相比管径为108 mm的管棚,管径为159、219、299 mm时管棚承载能力分别增大183.58%、398.62%、874.86%。3)管棚钢管注浆不饱满会较大程度削弱管棚的承载能力,钢管注浆饱满度由100%降至75%、50%时,管棚承载能力分别降低29.8%、34.5%,注浆饱满度为50%时管棚的承载能力与未注浆时相差不大。4)管棚钢管壁厚和钢筋笼加设与否对管棚的承载能力影响较小。因此,在实际工程中,可通过增大管棚钢管管径提升管棚的承载能力,通过减小管棚钢管壁厚及不加设钢筋笼节约用钢量。

均布荷载下腹板开孔钢梁的受弯性能研究

为研究腹板开孔钢梁的性能,文中通过建立有限元模型,分析了开孔尺寸、开孔位置和开孔数量对钢梁挠度的影响。基于Timoshenko梁挠度理论和T/CECS951—2021《隐式钢管混凝土结构技术规程》开孔梁挠度增量计算公式,给出了刚度折减系数计算方法。在弹性分析的基础上,对腹板开孔钢梁的弹塑性抗弯承载力进行分析,考虑了开孔位置、开孔数量和腹板高宽比的影响,并对比分析了实腹梁、腹板开孔梁、单面水平加劲、单面水平加劲和背面竖向贯通加劲、双面水平加劲、双面水平加劲和单侧竖向加劲一共6种情况。发现水平加劲肋对于开孔截面的抗弯承载能力具有明显的提高作用,但是当腹板高厚比较大时,设置横向加劲肋有助于提高腹板的稳定性。基于分析结果,最终给出了实用的洞口补强构造设计建议。

圆形截面钢管混凝土受弯构件塑性发展系数的双因素计算模型研究

为了综合考虑截面几何和材料特性对圆形截面钢管混凝土(CFST)受弯构件抗弯强度的影响,选择截面厚径比和材料强度比作为自变量,研究建立了圆CFST受弯构件截面塑性发展系数的二元函数计算表达,并建立了截面抗弯强度计算模型。首先在确定厚径比和强度比取值范围的基础上,设计1 656个圆CFST受弯构件的数值模型,利用纤维模型法计算确定每个构件的截面抗弯强度和塑性发展系数。然后选择截面钢管壁厚与外径之比、钢管强度与核心混凝土强度之比作为自变量,通过回归分析建立圆CFST构件的截面塑性发展系数的二元函数表达式,据此提出了圆CFST构件截面抗弯强度的计算模型。最后通过与试验数据、现行设计规范和研究文献中不同计算模型进行对比分析,验证了建立的圆形截面钢管混凝土受弯构件的截面塑性发展系数和抗弯强度计算模型具有更高的精度和适用性。

曲线条件大跨度拱加劲连续梁设计

贵南高铁二塘双线特大桥采用90m+180m+90m拱加劲连续梁结构。大桥位于曲线上,梁体采用分段直线布置,悬灌施工;主拱采用哑铃形钢管混凝土拱肋,钢管直径1 m,拱肋全高3 m;采用整束挤压钢绞线吊杆,全桥拱设置36组吊杆;纵向活动主墩通过构造措施,形成半刚构结构体系,限制部分梁体问题伸缩变形;大桥采用先悬灌主梁,后在主梁上搭设支架原位拼装拱肋方式施工。经论文研究计算结果表明,该桥刚度、受力等均满足规范要求。

高陡边坡变截面桩基础受力性能研究

高陡边坡中输电塔大直径钢管直桩基础存在材料浪费、经济型较差的问题,使用阶梯变截面桩基础可有效提高基础的经济性、降低施工难度。文中采用ABAQUS软件分别建立45°边坡的变截面桩及直桩精细化有限元模型,在相同下压工况下,以最大应力和最大位移为分析对象,对变截面桩和直桩进行对比。研究发现,在软土地区45°边坡条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩最大拉应力值均符合强度要求,最大位移和钢筋笼最大应力相差很小,变截面桩可以代替直桩;在硬土地区45°边坡条件下,变截面桩和等截面桩最大拉应力值均符合强度要求,最大位移和钢筋笼最大应力相差很小,变截面桩可以代替直桩。研究成果可为阶梯变截面桩在高陡边坡输电塔中应用提供一定的借鉴与参考。

用于风电钢塔筒的加劲钢管压弯性能试验研究

薄壁圆钢管广泛应用于风电机组锥筒型钢塔筒中,其在径厚比较大时易出现局部失稳,进而导致塔筒承载能力下降。该文提出了一种可用于风电钢塔筒的纵向加劲钢圆钢管结构形式,并进行了6个试件的压弯加载试验,以研究加劲肋形式及径厚比大小对加劲圆钢管压弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:在相同用钢量下,加劲肋有效改善了钢管的局部屈曲,改变了结构的破坏形态,增大了钢管的塑性发展程度,从而提升了钢管的承载力及延性,其中T型加劲肋的增强效果更为明显。并将试验模型与有限元建模进行对照,互相验证了准确性。最后使用现有设计标准对试验结果进行了初步评估,无加劲肋试件与各设计标准吻合良好,但现有计算方法低估了加劲试件的承载力。