Specialization or Diversification:Which is More Conducive to Foreign Trade Resilience?Evidence from China-Russia Border Regions in Northeast China

Under the background of complex international situation,how to build the special geo-economic space of China-Russia bor-der lies in strengthening their foreign trade resilience against external shocks.Based on empirical evidence from ten prefecture-level China-Russia border regions in Northeast China,this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of foreign trade resilience under dif-ferent shocks.Furthermore,through the Panel Regression model,the mechanism of the industrial structure on the foreign trade resili-ence in contraction period and expansion period was discussed.The results showed that:1)from 2004 to 2021,foreign trade in China-Russia border regions experienced five phases.The overall foreign trade resilience was higher than expected,showing a rising volatility trend,but there was significant spatial heterogeneity in the ability of cities to cope with shocks.2)Highly specialized clusters were mainly concentrated in Yichun,Heihe and Da Hinggan Ling Prefecture,while Mudanjiang and Yanbian performed better in related and unrelated diversification.3)In different stages of economic system evolution,the response mode,degree and result of border foreign trade resilience to regional industrial structure showed obvious stage characteristics.During the contraction period,related diversifica-tion was more conducive to improving the resistance through risk spillovers.During the expansion period,specialization played a more significant role in improving regional resilience through self-reinforcing effect.These results are beneficial for expanding the resilience theory,ensuring border economic security and optimizing border industrial investment layout.

On the Contrastive Analysis between China English and Chinglish

The paper attempts to make the distinction between China English and Chinglish from the different aspects,to understandmore about the relationship of them and reasons of their occurrences.With a synthesizing and comparative method,the study draws aclear cut between China English and Chinglish and explores their implications to EFL in China.

China’s Regional and Global Policy Through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

China,as a new global power,is expanding its influence across the globe and regions through various strategies and means,including regional and global organizations,in the post-Cold War era.As a result,since the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was established in 2001,China,as one of its major founders,had attempted to use the SCO as a platform for influence beyond its borders.This paper aims to investigate China’s growing influence and diplomatic prowess through the SCO.

An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between the Scale of International Students from ASEAN and China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment

With the further development of economic globalization since the establishment of ties between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN) 30 years ago and the continuous increase in the scale of international students in China,the training of international talents has become an important approach to avoiding the risks of transnational investments.We established panel data by selecting variables from the period 2006 to 2017,including the scale of international students coming from ASEAN to China,the gross amount of China’s outward foreign direct investment(OFDI),and the GDP per capita of ASEAN countries to further explore the correlations among these variables.We applied a panel-vector autoregressive(PVAR) model to conducting a Granger causality test,a Gaussian mixture model(GMM) regression analysis,a Monte Carlo-based impulse response analysis,and variance decomposition of the data.The results show that the growth of OFDI exerted an obvious positive impact on the inflow of international students from the countries along the Belt and Road(B&R) within a short period,the growth of the scale of international students coming from these countries to study in China had a strong positive effect on OFDI,the training of international talents was conducive to promoting the scale of transnational investments,but the overall quality was not very high,and its economic contribution rate was low.It is also found that OFDI and the scale of international students from the countries along the B&R promoted the GDP growth to a certain extent and the positive accumulation effect fluctuated due to external factors.Therefore,it is suggested to expanding the scale of OFDI and improving China’s core competitiveness in international student education.Intensive management of investment factors should also be conducted along with sound development of training mechanisms for international talents.

Rice variety improvement and the contribution of foreign germplasms in China

The introduction and use of foreign germplasms have played an important role in the improvement of crop varieties in China. Based on published materials and scientist interviews, we collected data on the sown area, morphological characteristics, and pedigree of the popular rice varieties grown in the 15 major rice production provinces and 1 autonomous region in China, from 1982 to 2011. Results showed that China＇s scientists developed the largest number of rice varieties worldwide, and that rice yield potential and grain quality have substantiality improved during the studied period. In contrast, resistance of newly-released varieties to diseases and insect pests has decreased since the 1990s. Germplasms from the Interna- tional Rice Research Institute （IRRI） and from Japan have contributed 16.4 and 11.2% of genetic materials to China＇s rice varieties developed between 1982 and 2011, respectively. While IRRI＇s materials contributed to the improvement of yield potential, growth duration, and blast and bacterial blight resistance, Japanese materials contributed to the improvement of grain quality. Materials from other countries contributed to the improvement of resistance to diseases and insect pests, particularly to rice blast disease, brown planthoppers, white-backed planthoppers, and striped stem borers.

On China's Foreign Trade Development and Linkage with the Customary Rules of International Trade

Although great differences exist between the trade systems of different countries,internationaltrade must go on in line with the customary international trade rules.As China’s economy developsand the socialist market economic system emerges,China is basically qualified to link up withcustomary international trade rules.In the Ninth Five-Year Plan period,China’s reform of its foreigntrade system aims at setting up a trade system that conforms with international trade practice.Forthe purpose,the author of this article suggests that a neutral trade policy should be adopted inaccordance with the international practice since it does not hinder exports,nor restrict imports toan excessive degree.

Major Features of the New Situation and China's Foreign Policy

Speaking of "China’s foreign policy under new circumstances," there are five features of the new circumstances in my opinion. All these five features will not fundamentally change in accordance with major events such as the Iraq war, and to a certain extent, determine that China’s basic foreign policy need not and will not make major adjustments.

The New Situation on the Korean Peninsula and China’s Diplomatic Policy

There are some positive changes on the two sides of the Korean Peninsula in 2018;the situation on the peninsula has released a signal of relaxation;it seems that the Korean Peninsula presents the “double suspension” situation which has been advocated by the Chinese government, and both the two sides of the Korean Peninsula have shown a strong will to ease the tension on the peninsula, and promote the inter-Korean relations to ease and improve the bilateral relations. As a close neighbor of the Korean Peninsula, in the face of the current situation on the peninsula, China should focus on deepening cooperation between China and the United States on the Korean nuclear issue, institutionalize the development of inter-Korean relations, and enhance its capability to resolve the Korean nuclear issue peacefully.

An Indissoluble Bond Between China's Foreign Trade and Me

In the inaugural issue of China’s ForeignTrade magazine in 1956, my articleintroducing China’s arts and crafts andtwo photos were published. Hence anindissoluble bond has existed between it andme. In the past four decades, I, as a loyalreader and a warm writer, have always paidclose attention to its growth. In 1980, I wrotean article to introduce the exports of ceramics,winning good results. From then on, dozensof my articles have been published in it. Allhave obtained better economic results. Owing to my familiarity with theceramics business, I have used it to introducenew varieties and traditional varieties, famousproduction places and advanced enterprisesdealing with ceramics. Such information

The Belt and Road Initiatives and China＇s Middle East Energy Policy

The paper analyses the roots of the Belt and Road Initiative as well as China＇s Middle East Energy Policy in an age of great transformation. China＇s rapidly progressed economic growth leading to a dramatic increase in China＇s energy demand in recent years. The Middle East countries play a critical role in the international energy markets. Stable relations with the Middle East countries become increasingly important for Chinese energy security, and the continued development. The protection of these relations lies at the core of the Belt and Road Initiative. Within The Belt and Road Initiative, Chinese Middle East energy policy proceeds according to the energy cooperation framework known as ＂1＋2＋3＂, which seeks to build a reliable China-Arab strategic cooperative relationship based on long-term friendship. To avoid over dependence on the energy resources of the Middle East, China will also continue to search for other overseas energy sources and protect transportation channels. Despite risks and challenges associated with energy imports from the Middle East, China has cultivated strong relations with states in the region and will develop these economic ties further in the coming years.

CHIC: A Bridge For Clothing Trade Between China and Foreign Countries

The 1995 China International Clothing Fair (CHIC) was held from April 24 to 28 in Beijing with 380 enterprises from 20 countries and regions participating. Sponsored by the China Clothing Research and Design Centre, the China International Trade Centre, the Textile Sub-Council of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT), and the China National Textiles Import & Export Corporation, CHIC

The South China Sea Issue in Foreigners' Eyes

An arbitral tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA)in The Hague issued an award on July 12 on the South China Sea case unilaterally initiated by the Philippines.The Chinese government issued a statement saying that the award was null and void and had no

Data Watch on China's Foreign Trade and Investment in the First Ten Months of 2011

China’s foreign trade in the first ten months of 2011 According to statistics of the Customs, China’s exports and imports in the first ten months of the year reached $2.97538 trillion, up 24.3% over the same period last year, 12 percentage

Establishing in Shandong:A Study on the Relationship Between the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and the Folk Secret Sects in Shandong

In the northwest of Shandong Province during Late Qing Dynasty,the struggle for survival among the villagers became social norm due to the fragility of the natural ecology,which was not only an important cause of local social unrest,but also complicated social relations.The potential anti-government tendencies of folk secret sects made them the targets of Qing government’s crackdown.In order to seek survival and development,the folk secret sects in northwest Shandong turned their eyes to Christian churches for political protect that was North China Mission of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.With the help of secret sects,missionaries of the North China Mission gained a foothold in northwest Shandong.But they were not willing to provide political protect for secret sects.They only used the social ties of secret sects to wedge themselves into the rural society of northwest Shandong,hoping to establish Christian mission stations and develop Christian communities,not to integrate with secret sects.

At the Juncture of China's Entry to WTO, An Overall Development of Foreign Economic Relations andTrade Will Be Carried out in XPCC

The Xinjiang Production andConstruction Corps (XPCC) was foundedin October 1954. Since 1990, its plan hasbeen listed directly under the state councilof PRC.After 50 years of arduouspioneering and development, the XPCChas now developed to be a specialorganization with a solid economicstrength and enterprise group superiority,which is based on the large-scale andmodernized agriculture, and guided

Minister Wu Yi On the Development of China's Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in the 1990s

Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi made a report entitled Opportunity and Prospects: Basic Thoughts on the Development of China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the 1990s to Chinese and foreign participants working in this fields at an international seminar on China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation held in Beijing in mid-May.

Major Problems and Countermeasures of Foreign Trade in China under the Background of Expanding Domestic Demand

Starting from China's macro-economic policy level and combining with the status of foreign trade in China, major problems in the development of foreign trade are analyzed under the background of expanding domestic demand, which is guided by the macro-economy, international finance, international trade and other related disciplines. Problems are mainly the inflation, the reduction of import, the trade protection, the increase in export costs, the reduction of export, the scale shrinkage of foreign trade, the speculation of short-term hot money, and the increase in risk of economic fluctuation. Finally, corresponding countermeasures are put forward, such as actively coping with the appreciation of the RMB, effectively increasing the anti-risk ability of RMB, firmly maintaining the currency stability of RMB, reducing the international trade friction, transforming the growth model of foreign trade, promoting the industrial and products upgrading of foreign trade, enhancing the benefits of foreign trade, forming an effective price competition mechanism, increasing the support in trade, improving the environment for trade development, correctly dealing with the relationship between government and foreign trade enterprise, controlling inflation, and restricting hot money speculation.

A Study on Foreign Trade Strategies from the Perspective of China’s Economic Transformation and Upgrading

Under the perspective of China’s economic transformation and upgrading,foreign trade is facing pressure from the transformation of internal economic capacity and external trade environment.It is urgent to explore new paths and directions,in order to realize the common evolution of the society,economy,system,and environment in China.From the rapid expansion of foreign trade in China towards high quality development,it is necessary to emphasize on the system,motivation,ability,and pattern;explore new development modes,change the development philosophy,delve into the connotation and characteristics of development,system supply,and organizational and technological innovation;as well as focus on cultivating a constant innovation drive,while capturing value and optimizing the foreign trade environment.