This paper examines the origin,compilation,and circulation of A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual(Chijiao yisheng shouce赤脚医生手册),exploring the relationship between medical politics and knowledge transmission in China,and...This paper examines the origin,compilation,and circulation of A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual(Chijiao yisheng shouce赤脚医生手册),exploring the relationship between medical politics and knowledge transmission in China,and its impact on the promotion of Chinese medicine across the world.Barefoot doctors were a special group of rural medical practitioners active in a very special socio-political context.Various editions of barefoot doctor manuals and textbooks were published across China after the first publication of the Manual in 1969.The publication of these manuals and textbooks became an indelible hallmark of the“Cultural Revolution”(1966–1976),when political publications predominated.The Manual was not only a guide for barefoot doctors in their daily study and practice,but also a primary source of medical knowledge for ordinary people.In the middle of the 1970s,the Manual was translated into many languages and published worldwide.This paper argues that the publication of A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual embodied a public-oriented mode of knowledge transmission that emerged and was adopted during a very specific era,and though it was eventually substituted by a mode of training embedded in the formal medical education system,it demonstrated the impact of politics on medicine and health in the context of resource scarcity and low literacy.Changes in China’s geopolitical status,the West’s pursuit of alternative approaches to medicine and health,and the World Health Organization’s(WHO’s)concern over health universality and equity all contributed to the translation and circulation of the Manual,facilitating the dissemination of Chinese medicine worldwide.The paper thus presents empirical and theoretical contributions to research on the relationship between medical politics and knowledge transmission in China.展开更多
As the British colonized West Africa, Africans worked as medical officers. John Farrell Easmon practiced private medicine that in 1897 affected his work as the chief medical officer. The Secretary of State for the Col...As the British colonized West Africa, Africans worked as medical officers. John Farrell Easmon practiced private medicine that in 1897 affected his work as the chief medical officer. The Secretary of State for the Colonies Joseph Chamberlain investigated the complaints of medical officers and fashioned the policy of the West African Medical Staff in 1902. During the Great Depression, the West African Medical Staff and Staff Pay shaped how African medical officers and European women medical doctors earned salaries as colonial government workers. Percy Selwyn-Clarke the deputy director of health service employed European women medical doctors in preventive health at infant and child welfare clinics. In 1935, health visitor Christian challenged the government for paying European woman medical doctor Nora Vane-Percy ￡10 to treat destitute African women and children at the Christiansborg infant welfare clinic.展开更多
目的:探讨基于DRGs入组患者的深度神经网络模型(DNN)预测非医嘱离院的效能。方法:选择2019年6月至2021年6月新疆医科大学第七附属医院经过DRGs筛选入组的10374份病案作为样本,根据患者出院方式,将病案分为医嘱离院组及非医嘱离院组,比...目的:探讨基于DRGs入组患者的深度神经网络模型(DNN)预测非医嘱离院的效能。方法:选择2019年6月至2021年6月新疆医科大学第七附属医院经过DRGs筛选入组的10374份病案作为样本,根据患者出院方式,将病案分为医嘱离院组及非医嘱离院组,比较两组相关资料间差异,基于Logistic回归分析及DNN建立非医嘱离院的预测模型并进行外部验证比较两种方式的预测效能。结果:非医嘱离院组患者年龄及未婚、外地、门诊入院、参加医保、大专以上学历占比均高于医嘱离院组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非医嘱离院组患者住院天数、住院费用、自费金额、最后诊断总条目数、急性生理与慢性健康评分表及医院获得性感染、多重耐药菌感染、入住ICU占比高于医嘱离院患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。神经网络模型的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值显著高于Logistic模型,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DNN模型预测非医嘱离院发生风险的AUC均显著高于Logistic回归模型(0.937 vs. 0.718,Z=4.729,P<0.001)。结论:神经网络预测模型对于基于DRGs入组患者的非医嘱离院行为预测效能较好,对于临床工作具有一定的指导意义。展开更多
提示:请问,对老人来说,怎样的运动是最理想的运动。科学实验证明:步行。本文的调查又证明了这一点。糖尿病患者只消每周步行两小时,就会大大减少其早死率。本文最有文采的一句:Walking Was associated with lowel mortalityacross a div...提示:请问,对老人来说,怎样的运动是最理想的运动。科学实验证明:步行。本文的调查又证明了这一点。糖尿病患者只消每周步行两小时,就会大大减少其早死率。本文最有文采的一句:Walking Was associated with lowel mortalityacross a diverse spectrum of adults with diabetes.(步行和形形色色的患糖尿病的成年人的低死亡率有关。)展开更多
文摘This paper examines the origin,compilation,and circulation of A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual(Chijiao yisheng shouce赤脚医生手册),exploring the relationship between medical politics and knowledge transmission in China,and its impact on the promotion of Chinese medicine across the world.Barefoot doctors were a special group of rural medical practitioners active in a very special socio-political context.Various editions of barefoot doctor manuals and textbooks were published across China after the first publication of the Manual in 1969.The publication of these manuals and textbooks became an indelible hallmark of the“Cultural Revolution”(1966–1976),when political publications predominated.The Manual was not only a guide for barefoot doctors in their daily study and practice,but also a primary source of medical knowledge for ordinary people.In the middle of the 1970s,the Manual was translated into many languages and published worldwide.This paper argues that the publication of A Barefoot Doctor’s Manual embodied a public-oriented mode of knowledge transmission that emerged and was adopted during a very specific era,and though it was eventually substituted by a mode of training embedded in the formal medical education system,it demonstrated the impact of politics on medicine and health in the context of resource scarcity and low literacy.Changes in China’s geopolitical status,the West’s pursuit of alternative approaches to medicine and health,and the World Health Organization’s(WHO’s)concern over health universality and equity all contributed to the translation and circulation of the Manual,facilitating the dissemination of Chinese medicine worldwide.The paper thus presents empirical and theoretical contributions to research on the relationship between medical politics and knowledge transmission in China.
文摘As the British colonized West Africa, Africans worked as medical officers. John Farrell Easmon practiced private medicine that in 1897 affected his work as the chief medical officer. The Secretary of State for the Colonies Joseph Chamberlain investigated the complaints of medical officers and fashioned the policy of the West African Medical Staff in 1902. During the Great Depression, the West African Medical Staff and Staff Pay shaped how African medical officers and European women medical doctors earned salaries as colonial government workers. Percy Selwyn-Clarke the deputy director of health service employed European women medical doctors in preventive health at infant and child welfare clinics. In 1935, health visitor Christian challenged the government for paying European woman medical doctor Nora Vane-Percy ￡10 to treat destitute African women and children at the Christiansborg infant welfare clinic.
文摘目的:探讨基于DRGs入组患者的深度神经网络模型(DNN)预测非医嘱离院的效能。方法:选择2019年6月至2021年6月新疆医科大学第七附属医院经过DRGs筛选入组的10374份病案作为样本,根据患者出院方式,将病案分为医嘱离院组及非医嘱离院组,比较两组相关资料间差异,基于Logistic回归分析及DNN建立非医嘱离院的预测模型并进行外部验证比较两种方式的预测效能。结果:非医嘱离院组患者年龄及未婚、外地、门诊入院、参加医保、大专以上学历占比均高于医嘱离院组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。非医嘱离院组患者住院天数、住院费用、自费金额、最后诊断总条目数、急性生理与慢性健康评分表及医院获得性感染、多重耐药菌感染、入住ICU占比高于医嘱离院患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。神经网络模型的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性及阴性预测值显著高于Logistic模型,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。DNN模型预测非医嘱离院发生风险的AUC均显著高于Logistic回归模型(0.937 vs. 0.718,Z=4.729,P<0.001)。结论:神经网络预测模型对于基于DRGs入组患者的非医嘱离院行为预测效能较好,对于临床工作具有一定的指导意义。
文摘提示:请问,对老人来说,怎样的运动是最理想的运动。科学实验证明:步行。本文的调查又证明了这一点。糖尿病患者只消每周步行两小时,就会大大减少其早死率。本文最有文采的一句:Walking Was associated with lowel mortalityacross a diverse spectrum of adults with diabetes.(步行和形形色色的患糖尿病的成年人的低死亡率有关。)
