Theory and Practice of Major Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics:Inheritance, Innovation, and Development

As economic globalization and multi-polarization continue to develop worldwide,the international order is undergoing profound and complex changes,supporting more extensive peaceful development and instances of win-win cooperation.The collective rise of the emerging major countries is prompting the construction of a fair,rational new international order in politics and economy.In this context,China is a major force for world peace and the common development of the entire world,and the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party(CCP),with Xi Jinping at its core has proposed a series of new concepts,modes of thinking,and strategies in relation to governance and administration,taking into account both the domestic and the international situation.Xi's perspective on diplomacy emerged from the theory and practice of major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics and is the outcome of the combination of the universal principle of Marxism with the specific practice of major country diplomacy in China,and constitutes a major component of Xi's thought on socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.In his report to the 19th National Congress of the CCP,General Secretary Xi proposed to develop a community with a shared concept of the future for humanity to forge a new form of international relations,featuring mutual respect,fairness,justice,and win-win cooperation.1 This shows the constructive role China is playing in the peaceful development of the world,actively participating in and leading global governance and safeguarding the stability of the international order,thus laying the basis in discourse for the theory and practice of major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for a new era.

National Security Theory with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated changes unseen in a century,ushering profound transitions in the development environment of China.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,maintains a firm hold on the strategic initiative in ensuring China’s security.It has developed new understandings and new ideas of the laws underlying national security,and emphasized the need to take a holistic approach to national security.This holistic approach is a powerful theoretical instrument that has become a fundamental guideline by incorporating China-specific characteristics to safeguarding and shaping national security.We must conscientiously study a holistic approach to national security to strengthen our consciousness of the need to keep in alignment with the Party Central Committee.We must closely follow the Party Central Committee in terms of our thinking,political orientation,and actions.We should put into practice Xi Jinping Thought on the Governance of China and implement the strategic decision to coordinate the needs of both development and security.We must remain committed to the principle of complying with China’s overall interests in ensuring both development and security as our nation marches toward rejuvenation.We must arm ourselves with Xi Jinping’s national security theory with Chinese characteristics for a new era and use it to guide our practices,thereby enhancing our professional abilities,quality,and methodologies to achieve levels commensurate with the requirements of a major and responsible country.We should adeptly align our efforts to the big picture of ensuring China’s national security in a holistic manner.

On Deng Xiaoping＇s important contribution to the construction of socialist economic system with Chinese characteristics

Deng Xiaoping is the founder of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,and made important contributions to the construction of the system.Among them,his theoretical achievements and practical exploration of the economic system construction had played an important role in the formation of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

Basic Categories of the Chinese Socialist Human Rights Theory

The basic categories of the Chinese socialist human rights theory consist of four elements, namely, human rights history, human rights concepts, human rights attributes and human rights protection. The category of the human rights history includes ancient notions of human rights, classical human rights theory, Marxist human rights theory and the sinicized Marxist human rights theory. The category of human rights concepts includes the subjects, contents, forms, classification, origin and essence of human rights. The category of human rights attributes includes universality and particularity of human rights, harmony and confrontation between human rights, politicalness and a-politicalness of human rights, indivisibility between rights and duties, and conditioning of state power by human rights. The category of human rights protection includes human rights and sovereignty, human rights and democracy, human rights and the rule of law, human rights and property, human rights duty holders, and human rights education.

Incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Char-acteristics for a New Era into Teaching of Ideological and Political Theories in Colleges and Universities--A Case Study of Accomplishments in Morality and Introduction to Law

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is an important achievement of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Taking the course of accomplishments in morality and introduction to law as an example,the incorporation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era into teaching of ideological and political theories in colleges and universities is discussed in this article from the three following aspects of why should be incorporated,what to be incorporated,and how to incorporate to promote the spread of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era among the student groups.

The Development of International Human Rights Law and the Chinese Contribution to the Global Human Rights Cause

Prior to World War II,human rights were mainly considered to be matters that came under the domestic jurisdiction of each state.The United Nations Charter,adopted in 1945,includes human rights provisions.The adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 that marked the initial formation of international human rights law.Today,the world has formed a relatively comprehensive system of international human rights law and mechanisms.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,and in particular after she introduced reform and opening-up policy in 1978,the Chinese government has actively participated in international human rights causes.To date,the Chinese government has ratified 26 human rights conventions and fulfilled the obligations required by these.China has put forward and continually enriched human rights theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics,emphasizing the importance of state sovereignty in safeguarding human rights and the resolution of human rights controversies through dialogue,thereby contributing to the global human rights cause.

Historical Contribution of Socialist Political Economy with Chinese Characteristics

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,especially after reform and opening up,the Communist Party of China has continuously advanced the Sinicization and modernization of Marxist political economy.Through the great practice of economic construction with Chinese characteristics,a socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics has been formed.As the latest theoretical achievement of Marxist political economy in contemporary China and the 21st-century world,Xi Jinping's economic thought deeply reflects the Communist Party of China's new understanding of the laws of economic development.With more pronounced subjectivity,originality,completeness,and theoretical richness,it not only provides a scientific guide for China's high-quality economic development and the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country but also propels the socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics to a new stage,contributing Chinese wisdom to the innovative development of Marxist political economy.

Combined effects of polymer SH and ryegrass on the water-holding characteristics of loess

The Chinese Loess Plateau has long been plagued by severe soil erosion and water scarcity.In this study,we proposed a technique involving the combined use of polymer SH and ryegrass and evaluated its effectiveness in modifying the water-holding characteristics of loess on the Chinese Loess Plateau(Chinese loess).We analysed the volumetric water content and water potential of untreated loess,treated loess with single polymer SH,treated loess with single ryegrass,and treated loess with both polymer SH and ryegrass using the loess samples collected from the Chinese Loess Plateau in July 2023.Moreover,fractal theory was used to analyse the fractal characteristics of the soil structure,and wet disintegration tests were conducted to assess the structural stability of both untreated and treated loess samples.The results showed that the loess samples treated with both polymer SH and ryegrass presented much higher volumetric water content and water potential than the untreated loess samples and those treated only with ryegrass or polymer SH.Moreover,the planting density of ryegrass affected the combined technique,since a relatively low planting density(20 g/m2)was conducive to enhancing the water-holding capacity of Chinese loess.The fractal dimension was directly correlated with both volumetric water content and water potential of Chinese loess.Specifically,since loess treated with both polymer SH and ryegrass was more saturated with moisture,its water potential increased,thus improving its water-holding capacity and fractal dimension.The combined technique better resisted disintegration than ryegrass alone but had slightly less resistance than polymer SH alone.This study provides insight into soil reinforcement and soil water management using polymetric materials and vegetation on the Chinese Loess Plateau.

共同富裕:理论比较、思想渊源与中国经验

扎实推动共同富裕是新时代最重要的历史任务之一,也是中国特色社会主义政治经济学最重要的研究议题之一。从理论上来看,西方经济学理论只能促进“富裕”,而无法实现“共同”,马克思主义的共同富裕理论才是中国式现代化的共同富裕的理论基石。尤其需要强调的是,共同富裕不等于西方高福利社会。从历史上来看,共同富裕是中华民族千百年来孜孜以求的目标,具有深厚的思想渊源。中国共产党自成立以来就以共同富裕作为初心使命,在实践中不断探索实现共同富裕的道路,积累了丰富的中国经验。基本国情是制定共同富裕目标的出发点;改革开放是共同富裕的关键之举;全面建成小康社会是共同富裕的阶段性目标;“五位一体”是推动共同富裕的总体布局;中国式现代化是共同富裕的实现路径。

The Gist of the Marxist view on Human Rights

Marx and engels’ great ideology contains rich thought on human rights. Based on the class structure and social development in their lifetimes, the two founders of Marxism profoundly revealed the essence of human rights. They revealed the historical process, class essence and hypocrisy of the bourgeois human rights, and expounded the important principle that human rights are always subject to economic and social development. The Marxist of human rights theory emphasizes that even in a capitalist society, the proletariat should not abandon its efforts to strive for human rights, and that the proletariat should use human rights well to improve their survival and development conditions as well as the advancement of the society as a whole. In the localization process of Marxism in China, the Marxist view on human rights has been further developed and innovated in China, and the socialist human rights theory with Chinese characteristics has been formed, which is used to guide the development of China’s human rights cause.

习近平总书记教育重要论述的理论体系及其重大意义

党的十八大以来,习近平总书记全面深入分析大变革时代教育领域的重大理论和实践问题,始终坚持以人民为中心,围绕“办教育”“培养人”两大主线思考解答“教育之问”,系统回答了“什么是中国特色社会主义教育”“怎样坚持和发展中国特色社会主义教育”的重大问题,形成了习近平总书记教育重要论述。习近平总书记教育重要论述是新时代教育事业发展经验的理论总结,是中国化时代化的马克思主义在教育领域的理论创造,是对中华优秀传统文化和我们党优良教育传统的继承与发展,成为习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分。习近平总书记教育重要论述是一个系统全面、逻辑严密、内涵丰富、思想深邃、内在统一的科学理论体系,具有在实践中不断充实、自我完善的理论品质,必将随着实践的深入不断丰富发展。习近平总书记教育重要论述具有重大的政治意义、理论意义、实践意义、文化意义和世界意义。

总体国家安全观视域下的国家安全学理论研究十年回眸

中国学界对国家安全学理论的研究可以追溯到20世纪90年代。2014年总体国家安全观提出以后,国家安全学理论研究有了根本遵循,标志着国家安全学理论研究进入新时代。2024年,在总体国家安全观提出十周年之际,中国学界对国家安全学理论的研究,形成了以总体国家安全观研究为先导、加快国家安全学及其学科理论研究和推进中国本土化国家安全学自主理论体系探究的新格局。总体国家安全观内涵不断丰富和深化,国家安全学研究对象和学科定位日益清晰明确,国家安全学理论本土化进一步彰显,国家安全学理论构建日趋完善,国家安全学一级学科建设稳步推进。虽然国家安全学一级学科建设起步较晚,国家安全学理论研究存在一些短板,但当今世界之变、时代之变和历史之变的步伐逐渐加快,中国面临的安全挑战前所未有,需要国家安全学理论研究有所作为,作出应有的历史贡献。为此,中国学界需要做“深”国家安全学基础理论研究,拓展国家安全学理论研究的厚度和深度;做“专”领域国家安全学理论研究,强化国家安全学理论研究的广度;做“强”工具国家安全学理论研究,凸显国家安全学理论研究的实效性。

中国式现代化的经济学维度——兼论中国特色发展经济学的三重意涵

主流发展经济学对中国经济发展成就有一定解释力,但无法胜任对中国式现代化的解释任务。通过对成功实现现代化的东亚国家的历史考察,指出演化经济学和发展型国家理论可以作为构建中国特色发展经济学的两种思想资源。中国能够成功实现现代化是因为我们的经济发展战略长期聚焦生产力提升,在经济发展的不同阶段能够适时调整发展战略和经济政策,并实现了制度变迁、经济结构变迁和国家能力提升三者的协同演进。制度变迁、经济结构变迁、国家能力提升成为构建中国特色发展经济学的三个重要意涵。

习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想对马克思主义中国化的新推进

中国共产党从成立之初,就在探索发展的过程中逐渐明确了马克思主义中国化的理论创新原则,推动了理论的不断创新和实践的实时跟进。新时代,中国始终秉持习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想来推进各项工作。习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想不仅对马克思主义进行了深化丰富,同时,使其更契合中国当前的实际国情,并促进了马克思主义的中国化创新,是引导中国践行“中国梦”的导航灯,其不仅拓展了马克思主义、社会主义、共产主义的内涵,也为中国共产党更好地“执政为民”“为人民服务”明确了方向,为中国未来的社会主义建设总结了规律,为人类今后的良性发展探索了可供借鉴的经验,推进了马克思主义在“百年未有之大变局”中的创新、纵深发展。

构建中国特色的新区域经济学

作为经济学的一个重要分支学科,区域经济学是一般性和特殊性的有机统一。有别于西方区域经济学,中国区域经济学是立足中国国情,运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法,对区域经济现象和实践经验进行理论阐释,探究区域经济发展规律及区际经济关系协调的经济科学。它是针对发展中大国和社会主义市场经济国家,具有中国特色的新区域经济学。中国区域经济学的研究领域包括区域经济发展、区际经济关系、区域政策与治理,这三个方面相互联系和交融,构成一个完整的、科学的、具有中国特色的区域经济学结构体系。加快构建中国特色的新区域经济学,必须面向高质量发展、面向现代化、面向共同富裕,针对区域经济中一些全局性、战略性、前瞻性的重大理论和现实问题,深刻揭示区域经济现象、形成机理和演变趋势,建立中国特色的区域经济学研究逻辑范式和理论体系,推动形成适应发展中社会主义大国的区域经济学理论和方法,使中国区域经济学真正屹立于世界学术之林。

中国特色教育技术学基础理论研究框架与运用示例--基于教育哲学和程序化扎根理论

基础理论研究是任何学科发展的命脉是学科之基。然而,在教育数字化转型和当前主流教育实证研究范式下,我国教育技术学对本土化的基础理论研究的关注度还远不够。基础理论是我国教育技术学的根本,建构中国特色教育技术学基础理论体系尤为重要。当前,中国特色教育技术学基础理论体系尚未形成很大原因是缺少方法论指导。基于此,文章从方法论的层面探讨如何开展中国特色教育技术学基础理论研究框架,首先,从教育哲学视角对基础理论体系分类;其次,基于教育哲学的运思方式和程序化扎根理论方法,建构基础理论的研究范畴;最后,举例说明如何利用该框架开展中国特色教育技术学基础理论的研究,以期为我国教育技术学基础理论研究工作尽绵薄之力。

江苏建设现代化经济体系的基本条件和框架结构

现代化经济体系是实现国家现代化的基础,而以点带面的现代化经济体系建设创新突破则是江苏地域的历史使命。在阐述中国式现代化历史的背景下,首先,以现代化经济体系建设的理论基础剖析为起点,形成新时代中国特色社会主义经济发展的理论指导;其次,基于发展数据提炼江苏现代化经济的基本状况和基本特征,形成区域现代化经济体系建设的实践基础;最后,在理论和实践并行推进下,从点、线、面逐步升维的路径中逐步呈现江苏现代化经济体系建设的框架设计,着力推动江苏经济发展,并为“全国一盘棋”发展做出示范。

中国式法治现代化理论在高校思政教育中的融入策略探析

在中国特色社会主义建设的伟大实践中,我国逐渐形成了具有中国特色的法治现代化理论。这一理论不仅为我国法治建设提供行动指南,也为高校思政教育提供了丰富的教学资源。高校作为培养社会主义建设者和接班人的重要阵地,应积极探索将中国式法治现代化理论融入思政教育的有效途径,以提升学生的法治素养,培养具备法治意识的新时代青年。为此,应对中国式法治现代化理论与高校思政教育现状以及中国式法治现代化理论融入高校思政教育的必要性展开研究,总结中国式法治现代化理论在高校思政教育中的融入策略,不断提高高校法治教育质量,努力培养具备高度法治素养的新时代大学生。