Evolution Stages of Oasis Economy and Its Dependence on Natural Resources in Tarim River Basin

This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Tarim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rate law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980–1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis econ- omy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it de- pends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage.

Mineral Resources Classification of the State Subsoil Fund

General principles and description of Mineral Resources the United Nations Framework Classification of Mineral Resources. Classification of the State Subsoil Fund of Ukraine are adapted to The system that is used to classify the resources and reserves of all minerals and fuels in Ukraine has been developed and described. The classification system is part of an official procedure determined by the Ukrainian State Commission on Reserves. Following preparation of resource estimates the results that are registered with the State, which maintains an official inventory of all mineral resources.

Some Thoughts on the Teaching Content of Mineral Resources Economics

Based on the teaching practice of mineral resources economics,this article believes that a certain economic foundation is an indispensable condition for learning mineral resource economics well for the students of geology majors,and the teaching content of mineral resources economics must include the basic knowledge of economics;Mining resource management is an indispensable content for constructing a knowledge system of economic analysis and evaluation of mineral resources.The teaching content of mineral resource economics should include the sustainable use of mineral resources and the environmental protection.In order to meet the needs of society,the teaching content of mineral resources economics must be updated in time.

Expert System for Statistical Prediction of Mineral Deposits on Middle and Large Scales

The expert system for statistical prediction of mineral deposits on middle and large scales takes the system of scientific exploration theories, criteria and methods proposed by Professor Zhao Pengda as the field expert knowledge. At present the developed system focuses on two aspects: synthetic exploration and quantitative exploration. Among the three basic theories for the prediction of deposits, it highlights the applications of seeking anomaly theory. This system is characteristic in the determination of geological background, the study of geological anomalies and the delineation of geological background, the study of geological anomalies and the delineation of mineralization anomalies. The system combines closely the knowledge base, method base and database .integrates the input and output information of multi - sources and mul-ti - variables , data , graphs and imagine processing system and inquiring system as a whole . So the system can meet in general all kinds of demands in statistical prediction of mineral deposits . Since the statistical prediction of mineral resources is a kind of systematic engineering pro ject , a further study should be carried out on the fields of theoretical exploration and ster eo - exploration on the basis of unceasingly perfecting the above-mentioned fields in order to establish a comprehensive intelligent system for scientific exploration , to provide new methods , new techniques and new ideas for fast prospecting appraisal of mineral resources .

Important Issues of Sustainable Development:Research of Nontraditional Mineral Resources

Nontraditional resources refer to that potential mineral resources are unconsidered and unutilized under actual condition of technique, economic and environment, or some mineral resources are too difficult to find because of geological complexity. There are some signified problems about discovery and exploration of nontraditional mineral resources to be discussed in this paper. It is a very significant project next century, and makes development bases for offspring, which its research and practice the theory of nontraditional mineral resources need interactive combination.

Chinese Geological Prospecting Gets Good Harvest, and Mineral Resources and Reserves Increase Gratifying in 2012

On March 27, 2013, the Ministry of Land and Resources held a news conference to announce a significant achievement in Chinese geological prospecting work in 2012. According to government/industry statistics, proved reserves of oil and natural gas have increase substantially in 2012. Newly proven national petroleum geological reserves are 15.2 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 13%, which is the tenth time of more than 1 billion tons since the founding of People＇s Republic of China; newly proven technically recoverable reserves are 270 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 7%. The 2012 national newly proved reserves from natural gas exploration are 961.22 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 33%, which is the highest level in our history; the new proven technically recoverable reserves are 500.8 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 36%. National natural gas production was 106.76 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 5.4%. The Ordos, Tarim and Sichuan basins are still the main producing areas of natural gas in China. In 2012, national oil production was 205 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 1%, which made a steady increase. The national coal-bed methane production was 2.57 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 24%.

The Importance of Integrating Geological Mapping Information with Validated Assay Data for Generating Accurate Geological Wireframes in Orebody Modelling of Mineral Deposit in Mineral Resource Estimation: A Case Study in AngloGold Ashanti, Obuasi Mine

The basis of accurate mineral resource estimates is to have a geological model which replicates the nature and style of the orebody. Key inputs into the generation of a good geological model are the sample data and mapping information. The Obuasi Mine sample data with a lot of legacy issues were subjected to a robust validation process and integrated with mapping information to generate an accurate geological orebody model for mineral resource estimation in Block 8 Lower. Validation of the sample data focused on replacing missing collar coordinates, missing assays, and correcting magnetic declination that was used to convert the downhole surveys from true to magnetic, fix missing lithology and finally assign confidence numbers to all the sample data. The missing coordinates which were replaced ensured that the sample data plotted at their correct location in space as intended from the planning stage. Magnetic declination data, which was maintained constant throughout all the years even though it changes every year, was also corrected in the validation project. The corrected magnetic declination ensured that the drillholes were plotted on their accurate trajectory as per the planned azimuth and also reflected the true position of the intercepted mineralized fissure(s) which was previously not the case and marked a major blot in the modelling of the Obuasi orebody. The incorporation of mapped data with the validated sample data in the wireframes resulted in a better interpretation of the orebody. The updated mineral resource generated by domaining quartz from the sulphides and compared with the old resource showed that the sulphide tonnes in the old resource estimates were overestimated by 1% and the grade overestimated by 8.5%.

缅甸地质矿产特征与矿业投资环境分析

缅甸位于中国西南和印度洋之间,是“一带一路”中缅经济走廊的重要节点,也是中国西南通向印度洋、连接东南亚的便捷通道。缅甸固体矿产资源较为丰富,但地质工作研究程度较低,因而具有良好的矿业投资前景,尤其是近年来缅甸政府陆续更新了矿业政策,对外国赴缅矿业投资的限制进行了优化,以此吸引更多的投资者在缅进行矿业勘查开发,振兴缅甸矿业经济。文中介绍了缅甸地质与矿产资源概况、近十年勘查开发形势及主要矿山开发现状,重点解读了近年来缅甸政府颁发的新的《矿业法》和《矿业法实施细则》等文件,以期更加深入地理解缅甸矿业政策的新变化、新动向和新趋势,为中资企业开展缅甸矿业投资开发提供依据。同时,提出相关的建议,包括需要及时跟进矿业市场动态、了解在缅项目负面清单、科学把握政策要点、提前研判与缅甸政府合作的优劣模式以及履行企业社会责任等。笔者分析缅甸资源禀赋和矿业开发现状、深入解读缅甸新颁布的矿业法和矿业政策,对企业在缅甸矿产勘查和矿业投资合作具有一定指导意义。

地质科学新思维观与新时代地质工作战略思考

【研究目的】通过分析新时代地质工作面临的挑战和机遇,构建地质科学新思维观,力求使地质工作健康、持续、稳定发展。【研究方法】从理论与实践、历史与未来、守正与创新、发展与保护的逻辑出发,研究提出地质科学新思维观,并分析其意义。【研究结果】地质科学新思维观主要是:(1)地质大基础观,加强区域基础地质调查,加强全国资源、环境、生态、灾害、空间国情调查,深化对地球认知的水平。(2)地质大资源观,将全部地质要素进行整体调查、开发与保护,实现各类地质要素资源综合效益的最大化。能源和战略性矿产是最核心的地质资源,地质工作要把保障国家能源和战略性矿产资源安全摆在首位。(3)地质大生态观,发挥地质工作在促进生态系统稳定与可持续中的作用,解决生态系统问题或维护生态系统功能。(4)地质大数据观,充分运用现代信息技术,全面实现地质工作的数字化、智能化转型。(5)地质大系统观,将地球与自然、社会、经济系统作为整体综合考虑,维持地球系统稳定和人类经济社会可持续发展,推进传统地质科学向地球系统科学转变。【结论】基于新思维观,新时代地质工作要:树立地质大基础观,提高基础地质调查水平,深化对地球发展演化的认知;树立地质大资源观,巩固传统地质找矿工作,实现新一轮找矿取得重大突破,拓展自然资源调查评价新领域;树立地质大生态观,开辟生态地质,为生态修复与保护提供地质解决方案;树立地质大数据观,构建地质科学研究新范式,为社会需求提供智慧化地质解决方案;树立地质大系统观,发展和完善地球系统科学,建立新一代地质科学知识体系。

金属矿山深部资源三维智能预测理论与方法

当前,中国主要矿产大多面临后备资源不足问题,在大中型矿山深部寻找可接替资源已成为保障主要矿产的战略措施。然而,金属矿山深部找矿预测面临着矿床深部结构不清、深部控矿规律隐蔽、深部矿体空间定位难度大等关键问题,亟须建立适应矿山真三维空间要求的矿产资源预测与评价新理论并取得关键技术突破。针对这些问题,自20世纪80年代开始,笔者通过持续的探索和研究创新,先后提出隐伏矿体立体定量预测、深部资源三维可视化预测,最终提出并建立深部资源三维智能预测理论与方法,实现了矿床深部三维结构重建的自动化与精细化、深部控矿规律表征的定量化与透明化、深部成矿空间矿体定位的精准化与智能化。该理论与方法主要包括成矿系统分析与找矿概念模型构建、矿床深部结构贝叶斯数据同化三维精细重建、矿床深部地质结构三维几何-物质分析与成矿信息提取、深部矿体空间定位规律深度学习与三维预测等重要方法与关键技术。该理论与方法先后在山东胶西北金矿集区、甘肃金川铜镍矿等地取得成功应用,在矿区深部探获厚度大、高品位矿体,取得深部找矿突破。

矿山地质灾害治理及生态环境修复措施研究

在矿山资源开采过程中,强化对地质灾害治理与环境修复等工作的研究,以期减少矿山地质灾害的出现,减少相关的影响,实现生态环境和谐发展。

Oruxmaps软件结合Global Mapper软件在矿产资源行业并购中的应用

纸质地质图结合手持GPS,采用手工方式野外记录的传统地质调查工作方式已不能适应数字化和信息化的要求,在矿产资源并购项目中,运用Oruxmaps、Global Mapper等软件,可以制作适应地质调查工作所特需的离线地质图,实现地质图、GPS定位、路线轨迹记录、文字记录、影像记录等的有机结合,形成了一套行之有效的工作流程,极大地提高了路线地质调查工作的质量和效率。

长江经济带矿产——经济——生态环境系统耦合协调发展研究

为贯彻落实“共抓大保护,不搞大开发”的建设思想理念,实现长江经济带绿色可持续发展,基于2001—2019年长江经济带11省市的相关数据,构建了矿产资源—区域经济—生态环境评价体系。通过设定三大子系统的优先发展级,运用熵权法、耦合协调度模型定量分析不同优先级下的矿产资源—区域经济—生态环境系统耦合协调发展水平,并从中选取最优发展模式。结果表明:长江经济带三系统耦合协调发展特征显著,整体上由轻度失调区间上升至中级协调区间,且耦合协调度值上游<中游<下游。分省来看,耦合协调程度由低到高依次为云南、江西、贵州、安徽、湖南、上海、重庆、江苏、四川、浙江、湖北。除了湖北、浙江、四川三省位于良好协调区间外,其余8省市均位于中级协调区间。同时,“经济优先”仅适用于短期发展,“环境优先”更适合长期发展。故为促进长江经济带协调可持续发展,整体上应坚持以环境保护为重心的发展战略,个体上要进一步针对不同省市采取差异化的措施。

高光谱遥感技术在矿山地质环境调查中的应用

矿山地质环境受矿产资源开采活动的影响而产生剧烈变化,直接或间接影响了生态环境的可持续发展。近年来,高光谱遥感技术因其具备高光谱分辨率、空间信息与光谱信息合一的优势,解决了传统遥感技术仅能识别大致地物的问题,被广泛应用于矿山地质环境研究与监测。在梳理相关文献的基础上,介绍了高光谱遥感技术原理及发展现状,归纳了高光谱遥感技术在矿区植被、矿区水体、矿区土壤和矿区大气等方面的应用与监测;对矿区高光谱发展前景进行展望,认为未来随着遥感技术的发展对矿山地质环境的监测将逐渐有序化、长期化。

2023年中国矿产资源形势回顾与展望

2023年全球经济展现出明显的韧性,全球矿业市场趋稳,矿产品价格震荡回落,投资者对矿业市场的信心有所增强。2023年中国经济持续回稳,中国矿业市场的发展持续向好。全国地质勘查投资和采矿业固定资产投资连续三年增长,采选业企业利润处于历史第二高位,矿产品供给稳中有升,能源矿产产量创历史新高,能源结构转型加快,大宗矿产品进口持续增长。未来一段时间,中国经济将持续增长,对清洁能源和战略性矿产的需求将快速增长。而矿产受资源禀赋差异的限制,为了能够满足经济发展需要,在立足加大国内找矿力度的同时,加强矿业国际合作,提高矿产资源稳定供应能力。

大数据找矿信息平台建设及其在新一轮找矿突破战略行动中的应用

充分利用信息化手段支撑地质工作是地学研究的前沿领域.随着新一轮找矿突破战略行动的逐步展开,大数据信息技术对于开展地质找矿工作、构建地质信息数据库有重要意义.本文探讨了大数据在地质找矿行动中的作用与优势,并总结归纳了数据平台建设研究方法.大数据找矿信息平台的建设将为进一步找矿工作提供科学依据.借助大数据、云计算等现代信息技术为新一轮找矿突破战略行动赋能,这为找矿工作数据库体系的智能化建设提供了全新的思路.

新疆某露天矿山地质环境特征及评价

矿产资源是现代社会发展的重要动力,在人类进行开发的过程中,矿山及周边的地质环境遭受到破坏是难免的。在收集矿区的地质资料和现场勘探、调查数据的基础上,对矿区的地质环境进行现状评价、预测评价和综合评价。根据矿区内采矿活动对地质灾害、矿区下覆含水层的破坏、矿区原生地形地貌景观的影响及破坏、矿区地表水土环境的影响和破坏,以及矿区产生的大气污染等方面,对矿山地质环境特征进行总结,最后,根据地质环境的破坏程度提出相应的矿山地质环境防治措施。

地质矿产资源可持续利用策略与实践案例分析

地质矿产资源是人类社会发展的重要支撑,其可持续利用对于保障资源供给、促进经济发展、维护生态环境具有重要意义。文章通过对地质矿产资源可持续利用策略与实践案例进行深入分析,总结了在资源勘探开发、利用技术创新、政策法规制定等方面的有效经验。同时,从加强环境监测管理、推动绿色矿产开发、促进资源循环利用等方面提出了进一步完善可持续利用机制的建议,以期为地质矿产资源的合理开发与利用提供理论支持和实践指导。

地质矿产资源勘查现状及勘查关键技术研究

矿产是人们生产生活中不可或缺的资源,随着社会经济水平的不断提升,矿产资源市场逐渐扩大,矿产资源的开采量也相应增加。地质矿产资源的勘查是矿产勘查工作的重要阶段,是矿产资源得到稳定有效产出的保证。基于此,本文首先讨论地质矿产资源的勘查现状,对几种地质矿产资源勘查的关键技术进行分析,并为地质矿产资源勘查效果的提升策略提供建议,以供参考。

探讨提高地质矿产勘查及找矿技术的方法

地质矿产资源的开发与利用直接影响着我国经济建设,切实提高地质矿产勘查技术应用水平与效果,可以更好推动我国经济建设基础性工作发展,同时也能更好满足各行业开采生产所需基础原料。针对此,文章通过阐述地质矿产技术应用的必要性及其原则,深入探讨了现阶段我国地质矿产勘查及找矿工作存在的问题,并提出地质矿产勘查及找矿技术提高的有效途径,致力于解决地质矿产勘查工作问题,不断增强找矿效率,从而提高矿产资源利用率,促使我国地质矿产勘查及找矿工作高质量、高效率开展。