Progress on the Structures and Functions of Aerogels

Aerogel materials possess a wide variety of excellent functions,hence a striking number of applications have developed for them.In this paper,we present a historic review of the aerogel materials,showing the main concepts,research methods,important scientific problems,formation mechanism,structure characteristics and essence of aerogel.More applications are evolving as the scientific and engineering community,which becomes familiar with the unusual and exceptional physical properties of aerogels.In addition,we also discuss the huge development potential and prospect of polysaccharide aerogels as the research trend in the future.

Theoretical and experimental assessment of a novel method to establish the complete measurement range of the calorimeter and its limit of detection and quantification

For determining the accuracy of a calorimeter over the instrument’s entire measuring range,a novel method has been established.For this new approach,(a)benzoic acid(C_(6)H_(5)CO_(2)H) as a certified reference material(CRM),(b)SiO_(2) and(c)a mixture of CRM benzoic acid and SiO_(2) have been used.To illustrate the essential difference between 1)the novel analytical method for control of the entire measurement range and 2)the calorimeter calibration,both applications of benzoic acid(BA)have been demonstrated.An experimental result showed that BA was successfully used to check the whole calorimeter measurement range.The results also showed that the same new method was successfully applied to determine the limit of detection and quantification.A new instrument testing process and a new measurement technique have thus been established.In this way,the cost of using CRM to control the accuracy of measuring the entire measuring range of the calorimeter,as shown in this paper,is minimized.The requirements of the ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard are satisfied.ISO/IEC 17025:2017,together with ISO 9001:2015(quality management systems),ISO 14001:2015(relate to environmental protection)and ISO45001:2018(occupational safety),constitute an integrated quality system by which a testing laboratory may also accredit.

Study on the Corrosion inhibitor and Fog Suppressor for Chemical Pickling of Iron and Steel

A new type of corrosion inhibitor and fog suppressor composed of Nitrogen-containing alkaloid,water-soluble butadiene lower polymer, and inorganic electrolyte has been investigated by gravimetric and electrochemical method. Effects or this chemicals on pickling rate and hydrogen penetration into iron and steel material in 50～150 g/L HCI or/and H2SO4 solutions at 20～70℃ temperature were examined. The amount of acid fog escaping from the surface of air-liquid was determined by chemical titration. The results indicate that the efficiency of inhibition and suppression depends on film properties by which mean a barrier film on the interface of bare mild steel/solution or an unsolvable liquid membrane as hydrophibic effect.In present work the film-forming mechanism by in situ and chemistry-mechanics effect is also discussed.

Research on application of plastic materials in cars

This paper gives analysis of application status and prospect of plastic materials from the aspects of applied material amount comparison,development of new materials & new technologies,lightweight,design conception of new components,recyclability,simplification and diversity of materials,standardization of material specification and presents corresponding conclusions and suggestions.

A new environmentally friendly water-based drilling fluids with laponite nanoparticles and polysaccharide/polypeptide derivatives

Considering the increasing environmental pressure,environmentally friendly and high-performance water-based drilling fluids(WBDFs)have been widely studied in recent years to replace the commonly used oil-based drilling fluids(OBDFs).However,few of these drilling fluids are entirely composed of natural materials,which makes it difficult to achieve real environmental protection.Using laponite nanoparticles and various derivatives of natu ral mate rials,including cro sslinked starch,cellulose composite,gelatin ammonium salt,poly-l-arginine,and polyanionic cellulose,a kind of environmentally friendly water-based drilling fluid(EF-WBDF)was built for drilling in environment-sensitive areas.The properties of this EF-WBDF were evaluated by thermal stability tests on rheology,filtration,inhibition,and salt contamination.Besides,biological toxicity,biodegradability,heavy mental content and wheat cultivation tests were conducted to investigate the environmental factor of EF-WBDF.Results showed that EF-WBDF displayed satisfactory thermal resistance up to 150℃,and the rheological properties did not suffer significant fluctuation,showing potential application in high-temperature wells.The optimal rheological model of EF-WBDF was Herschel-Bulkley model.This EF-WBDF performed an eligible filtration of 14.2 mL at 150℃and a differential pressure of 3.5 MPa.This fluid could still maintain colloidal stability after being contaminated by 7.5%NaCl or 0.5%CaC1_(2).Meanwhile,rather low clay swelling degree of 2.44 mm and high shale recovery of more than 95%ensured the inhibitive capability of EF-WBDF.Furthermore,EF-WBDF presented a half maximal effective concentration(EC_(50))of51200 mg/L and a BOD/COD ratio of 47.55%,suggesting that EF-WBDF was non-toxic and easily biodegradable.The wheat cultivated in EF-WBDF could grow healthily,beneficial for reducing the adverse impact on ecological environment.The formed EF-WBDF has a promising future for drilling in environment-sensitive and high-temperature areas.

Refractory Raw Materials

Products： tabular alumina, sintered mullite, rare earth corundum, active alumina, 99 alumina ceramic ball, ceramic lining and Zirconia ring series.

Development of a Composite Eco-Material Based on Typha from a Clay Matrix

This work focuses on the design of a new type of eco-material based on Typha“Domingensis”and clay from the south of the Republic of Benin through various dosages.Three particle size classes of typha shavings were selected to be mixed with two types of clayin order to make parallelepiped shaped samples ready for experimentation.The massive use of these briquettes thus obtained,in the construction of habitats,would not only contribute to reducing the energy consumption inside the dwellings but also would limit the invasion of the waterways of Benin,which would facilitate navigation,fishing and river sanitation activities.In addition,this biosourced,low-polluting material would contribute to improving the energy transition by integrating it into rehabilitation of buildings.

钻井利器的故事之“护壁堵漏材料”

近年来,作为入地最为关键手段的钻探所面临的地层越来越复杂,钻孔垮塌、掉块、缩径和超径等事故发生概率增加,严重制约了钻探工程质量与效率的提升。护壁堵漏材料是钻探工程不可或缺的关键性工程材料,护壁堵漏技术则是保证钻进工作安全、快速以及持续进行的重要技术环节,是复杂地层钻孔处理的主要内容。本文从科普的角度介绍了护壁堵漏材料的基本概念与组成、冲洗液护壁堵漏作用、水泥基材料护壁堵漏作用、护壁堵漏材料的进一步发展空间等,以期加深对护壁堵漏材料的认识,促进新型护壁堵漏材料的研发和应用。

金属有机骨架材料MOF-s在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎侧胶中的应用

研究金属有机骨架材料MOF-s在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用。结果表明:以MOF-s等量替代间接法氧化锌用于全钢载重子午线轮胎胎侧胶中,胶料的门尼焦烧时间相当,硫化时间略有缩短;硫化胶的物理性能相当,压缩生热和耐热老化性能略差;成品轮胎耐久性能相当。使用MOF-s可使锌用量减小约52%,环保性提高。

农作物秸秆低碳墙体材料研究现状

综述了近年来国内外关于农作物秸秆在建筑墙体材料中的应用及研究进展,从生产技术、制备工艺、配合比设计等方面出发,重点介绍了农作物秸秆低碳墙体材料的力学性能、保温隔热性能、阻燃性能等优良特性,并对农作物秸秆低碳墙体材料现阶段所存在的缺陷和不足给出了合理建议,对其未来发展方向及应用前景做出了展望。

可降解材料的市场现状及发展趋势

极端天气频发,引发全球对地球环境问题的高度重视,促进了可降解材料产业快速发展。可降解材料具有环保、无毒、可持续等优点,对于解决白色污染、推动绿色发展具有重要意义。文章综述了可降解材料的分类和市场应用情况,列举了可降解材料发展中的问题,提出了可降解材料的发展趋势,对于可降解材料的制备及应用有一定的指导意义。

共晶物相变蓄热材料制备及性能测试的实验设计

节能减排是当今社会的关注重点。利用共晶物相变蓄热材料在相变过程的蓄放热技术是实现太阳能、工厂余热等能源综合利用、提高能效、降低二氧化碳排放、保护环境的最有效手段之一。共晶物相变蓄热材料实验涉及原料配方及制备工艺、晶体结构及形成机理以及产品热物性能等专业内容,可设计为综合化学实验。该课题的实施培养大学生配方设计能力和大型仪器设备动手操作技能。

建筑节能检测中的常用保温材料分析

近年来,我国经济由高速发展阶段转向高质量发展阶段,建筑领域也在追求发展质量的同时积极响应国家号召,注重节能环保,实现建筑材料的生态化,更加符合当代人们对建筑的需求。随着社会不断进步,建筑节能检测中常用的环保材料在升级革新,种类繁多,保温材料的运用使得建筑功能更加健全,而如何选择最佳环保材料是建筑行业在节能检测中的重要一环。本文着重研究几类市面上常见的保温材料的性能、适用环境等,以期为建筑行业提供参考。

油气储层用化学封堵材料性能室内评价方法发展方向

目前油气井储层封堵材料室内评价多以承压能力和储层保护能力为主,并以其作为入井依据。但随着技术进步和社会发展,只满足作业需求的某一项或几项指标,无法投入现场试用或应用,导致需要重复检测、评价,造成投入应用时间长,成功率低。从1000余篇国内外油气井安全性、储层保护和环境保护等相关主题词的文献中,发现封得住、稳得起、流得出、过得关和用得起等5项投入应用的性能指标需要检测,并以此为依据将检测方法分为5类。引入大数据思想分析应用成功率与测试指标数量的关系、投入应用时间与测试指标数量的关系发现,评价5类指标比评价单一指标的材料应用成功率最多高62%。5类评价方法项全部完成增加室内工作时间但投入应用的时间最多可节约77%。结果表明,封堵材料应用前评价5类指标,解决了封堵材料投入应用的时间长、效率低难题,不仅为储层封堵材料投入现场应用提供评价指标和检测方法,还为其他井筒作业材料提供了可借鉴的评价手段。

环保型弱凝胶护壁护心钻井液研究与应用

海域浅层气地质调查和盐湖环境科学钻探在松散砂岩钻探取样工程中,存在孔壁易坍塌、成孔率低等技术难题,为此开展了松散砂岩地层环保型弱凝胶护壁护心钻井液技术研究。通过弱凝胶结构研究及成胶剂、交联剂及抗盐降滤失剂等材料优选,研发了一套环保型弱凝胶护壁护心钻井液,评价了钻井液的流变性、滤失性、抑制性、护心性能、环保性能等性能,并在山西某盐湖环境科学钻探工程进行现场应用。室内测试及现场应用结果表明:研制的弱凝胶护壁护心钻井液具有良好的流变性、降滤失性、抑制性(岩屑回收率96.3%)、护壁护心性能及环保性能(BOD5/COD比值24.6%,EC50值47950 mg/L),能有效解决松散砂岩类地层孔壁坍塌、岩屑不易携带等问题,在松散地层钻探工程中具有广阔的应用前景。

装配式建筑环境效益分析与测算

装配式建筑作为新型建筑工业化的代表,具有巨大的社会效益和经济效益,但目前针对装配式建筑环境效益的分析研究还不够深入,因此从“四节一环保”角度出发,在深入分析各个环节装配式建筑对环境产生的影响的基础上,研究测算装配式建筑环境效益的方法。以天津市某项目为依托收集数据,定量分析装配式建筑在环境效益方面产生的优势。结果显示,装配式建筑环境效益比传统现浇建筑每单位面积节约12.17元,并有针对性地提出了优化建议。

绿色建造下预拌混凝土原材料市场发展趋势

面对泵送混凝土的传统原材料资源枯竭、生产过程能耗大、碳排放高、污染严重等情况以及中国土木工程行业实施绿色建造的大趋势,各种新的原材料逐渐被开发和推广,其质量、产量、社会认可度逐渐提高。优质天然河砂和卵石在原产地供不应求,而老旧淤塞河道中尚可开采;使用大粒径天然卵石、石灰石、建筑垃圾等为原料生产的碎石和机制砂将成为新的替代品。水泥、粉煤灰、粒化高炉矿渣粉等原材料在生产企业进行转型升级并倾向于在交通便利地区集中建厂的过程中,导致平原、丘陵、山地等区域间供应不均衡的问题,因此,需根据施工所在地的供料情况,采取就地取材的策略。聚羧酸型缓凝高效减水剂以其高效、经济、相容性高、施工方便等优点已普及市场,还需进一步提升与机制砂等材料的适应性;而钙系和镁系膨胀剂对混凝土的补偿收缩需确保与混凝土收缩同步以控制收缩裂缝并避免结构胀裂。配制泵送混凝土需站在建筑全寿命周期的高度考察和改进各种原材料的性能并充分发挥原材料之间的组合效应。

建筑装修工程中节能环保装饰材料应用技术研究

目前,常用的节能环保玻璃目标点搭接方式整体效率较低,导致最终得出的能源利用提升比例大幅度下降,为此,文中提出了建筑装修工程中节能环保装饰材料的应用技术研究,根据当前测定需求,构建墙面装修原理结构;采用装配式结构,提升建筑装修整体效率;计算玻璃安装的垂直度,实现镀膜玻璃装配式安装;然后搭接软膜天花板,接入绿色光照装饰,通过整体验收实现建筑目标。结果表明,在装修工程中,采用节能环保装饰材料的应用技术可以有效提高材料的利用效率。

硅溶胶改性的绿色环保室内吸声材料制备与性能研究

为同时达到缓解噪音污染和环境污染的目的,利用针叶木纤维、硅溶胶、苯丙乳液、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、发泡浆料等原材料制备了一种室内绿色环保可降解吸声材料,并对材料的吸声性能进行了研究。结果表明,利用硅溶胶对吸声材料进行改性,可显著提升材料的力学性能和吸声性能,当硅溶胶掺量为8%时,可达到材料孔隙结构和吸声效果的最优平衡;增大植物纤维密度和厚度,可以提升材料在中低频率下的吸声系数,但对于中高频率的吸声性能提升效果并不显著;Delany-Bazley模型能够较为准确地预测不同流阻率植物纤维基吸声材料的吸声系数,预测值与试验数据平均误差仅为1.8%。

低碳环保理念在食品包装设计中的应用

食品包装在践行低碳环保理念方面责无旁贷,但目前在材料选择、结构设计、碳足迹评估等方面仍存在可降解材料应用比例低、包装结构冗余度高、缺乏系统性碳核算等问题。本文在剖析上述问题的基础上,提出了提升生物基材料使用比例、优化包装结构、构建全生命周期碳足迹评估体系等对策建议,旨在推动食品包装设计的系统性低碳升级,助力食品工业可持续发展。