Ethics Lines and Machine Learning: A Design and Simulation of an Association Rules Algorithm for Exploiting the Data

Data mining techniques offer great opportunities for developing ethics lines whose main aim is to ensure improvements and compliance with the values, conduct and commitments making up the code of ethics. The aim of this study is to suggest a process for exploiting the data generated by the data generated and collected from an ethics line by extracting rules of association and applying the Apriori algorithm. This makes it possible to identify anomalies and behaviour patterns requiring action to review, correct, promote or expand them, as appropriate.

A Study of the Effects of Family Precepts,Rules and Ethics on Children’s Education During the Tang Dynasty

From the perspectives of the prosperity of the Sui and Tang dynasties,the rise and fall of the aristocrats and the prevalence of the imperial examination,this paper studies the impact of family precepts,rules,and ethics on children’s education.I believe that an important feature of family precepts in the Tang Dynasty was the development of the cultural tradition of poetry and literature study within the family,which promoted virtues like loyalty,filial piety,diligence,frugality and modesty and had a profound influence on future generations.The rise and fall of Tang Dynasty families was closely related to family precepts,rules,ethics,and learning.Famous and respectable families often regarded these traits as important means to maintain the family’s status,which objectively promoted the development of family scholarship and the importance of children’s education in the Tang Dynasty.The concept of learning as a“carry-on treasure”has become a common belief among scholars and has played a positive role in educating Chinese society,enriching our culture,and keeping society in order.

On the Legislative Concept and New Rules of the System of Marriage and Family in China's Civil Code

Twenty-four new or revised systems or rules have been incorporated in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China for the purpose of strengthening the State's protection of marriage and family,promoting development of family civilization,and respecting the autonomy of the parties to marriage and family.Furthermore,they are designed for advancing equal marriage and family status,implementing the principle for the best interests of children,and protecting the rights and interests of the weak in marriage and family.In the Marriage and Family Section of the Civil Code,the Chapter 1“General”has got the new principle of the State protecting marriage and family,new advisory rule for promoting development of marriage and family civilization,and new principle for protecting the best interest of adoptees.Moreover,it has defined the types of relatives,close relatives and family members.In the Chapter 2“Marriage,”the lawful circumstances for prohibiting marriage and for invalidating marriage are reduced,the scheme of revoking a marriage is revised and supplemented;the obligation of telling the truth about major diseases,and the right for the innocent party to claim damages for an invalid or revoked marriage,are added.In the Chapter 3“Family Relations,”the rules of husband and wife's family agency right and its restriction,the rules of marital common debt determination,the rules of marital common property split,and the rule of litigation for the confirmation and denial of parent-child relationship,are added;in the Chapter 4“Divorce,”the pre-divorce coolingoff period and the time for dissolution of marriage relationship are added,the legal circumstances for divorce in litigation,the rules for dealing with child support during divorce,and the principle of splitting the common property of divorced couples are supplemented,the applicable conditions of divorce financial compensation and divorce financial assistance are modified,and the legal circumstances for divorce damage compensation is increased;in the Chapter 5“Adoption,”the age of adoptees and the number of adopted children are relaxed,the conditions of adopters are revised,and the adoption evaluation rules are added.

The Ethical Explanation of The Spirit of Western Law

The order of western rule-of-law is always the sample of the construction of Chinese rule-of-law,but the spirit of western legal system,which is embodied as rule-of-law,right-equality,and rule-by-good-law,is correlated inherently with certain natural and social condition.Human nature theory of naturalism,the contract-ethics,and justice are the ethical foundations of Western law,and the idea of people-oriented,whose contents includes human's homony and happiness,always acompany with the western development history of rule-of-law.We should adhere the sense that people should abide by and respect law,and the law should constitute a kind of healthy and harmony interpersonal relationships and free and creative living-style.

The International Research Group in Geophysics Europe Africa： A Laboratory without Borders in the Earth Science and Environment

It was in 1995 that, at the end of the international project IEEY （International Equatorial Electrojet Year）, African and European scientists decided to create the IRGGEA （International Group in Geophysics Europe Africa） in order to pursue the scientific work started during the IEEY project, The main objective of IRGGEA was to introduce new fields of research in Africa and built teams of African scientists recognized at an international level in these new fields. To reach this goal, we developed days after days methods to manage smoothly a large network of scientists from developed and developing countries. After a short introduction on the field of research developed in the IRGGEA, we present the organization of the work based on sharing practices and the results obtained in terms of scientific publications and socio-cultural aspects as the increase of the number of women and positions for students in their countries. Such an experience is easy to reproduce.

Human Rights Education from the Perspective of the Holistic Development of the Children

Human rights education for primary and secondary school students is of great significance to their holistic development.At present,human rights education is actively carried out in China’s primary and secondary schools.Such human rights education includes classroom teaching based on the Ethics and the Rule of Law series of textbooks as well as developing hu man rights culture in campuses and educating students in human rights practices.Human rights education in primary and secondary schools has achieved certain results,but is as yet inade quate.In order to further improve human rights education for children,we should integrate hu man rights education with traditional Chinese culture,make better use of information technology and modem concepts of education and build a comprehensive and deep-seated human rights educa tion system.

金融科技伦理治理:实践困境、功能定位及优化进路

科技发展与金融创新的耦合连接在造就金融市场“新格局”的同时,也会生成新型市场风险、冲击传统金融监管体制,进而引发“新秩序”的思考。当前立法的时滞性与监管的“运动式”表现致使金融科技规制步入粗放型窠臼,立足完善金融高科技治理体系的时代要求,金融科技伦理治理的话语地位逐步提升。金融科技伦理以其发展性、适应性、回应性等制度功效因应金融科技风险治理的现实需求,然而趋向普适性、软约束、碎片化的规范供给样态已然成为制约金融科技伦理效能发挥的关键因素。金融科技伦理治理困境之破解应在功能界分指引下,厘清伦理治理运行的制度载体与价值逻辑。金融科技伦理治理现代化规制框架的建立既要在风险预防性目标下完善伦理治理体系化建设,也要在治理相称理念下推动程序运行机制的法治化转换,更要着眼多元共治格局强化伦理治理的协同合作,促进与企业合规自律的相向而行。

高校师德制度建设的现代性规则困境与破困路径

师德制度是高校师德建设的重要内容,在助推教师职业发展、构建教育生活秩序中发挥了重要作用。由于制度工具主义的滥觞和受制度自身逻辑的影响,高校师德制度建设陷入了制度建构困境、取向困境、执行困境、评价困境。根据反思性现代性理论,风险可以被看作现代性制度的内在变量,通过加强对制度的反思性监测,以激进的参与态度对反思性的制度进行再生产,为破解师德制度建设所面临的规则困境提供了视角和方法。具体而言,高校破解师德制度建设的现代性规则困境,需增强制度的反思性意识,从制度结构、价值取向、规则运行、目标达成等方面突破,以实现师德制度建设与师德养成的双向共促。

“既彼此远离,又相互靠近”:约恩·福瑟戏剧中的伦理困境

在当代挪威剧作家约恩·福瑟的戏剧中,戏剧人物普遍处于难解或无解的伦理困境之中。根据伦理内涵与伦理身份的不同,福瑟戏剧人物的伦理困境大致具有三种不同的表现维度。其一,由于自由意志的放纵与自我身份的迷失,夫妻或恋人处于相互分裂和彼此矛盾的状态之中,普遍存在焦虑不安的男女婚恋伦理困境;其二,由于错位的身份认知与混乱的伦理选择,父亲与子女、母亲与子女处于对立矛盾或无语失语的状态之中,普遍存在悖立无解的家庭代际伦理困境;其三,由于主客二分的认知模式和理性逻辑,个体思想意识处于失衡矛盾的状态之中,普遍存在混乱分裂的个体思想伦理困境。总体上,福瑟戏剧中的伦理困境具有比较典型的象征性与悖反性品格、明显的碎片化与不确定性特征,呈现出既彼此远离又相互靠近、既彼此矛盾又相互依存的间性倾向。本质而论,福瑟戏剧中内涵丰富、形态多元的伦理困境,可视为后现代思潮和后人文浪潮中,新存在主义、新现实主义与新极简主义等新人文思潮对现代逻辑、启蒙理性和审美伦理的一种诗性颠覆与解构、修辞反拨与重构。

数字科技伦理国际规则与中国应对

随着数字技术的快速更迭,相关伦理失范现象时有发生,且成为全球性治理难题。国际经贸规则和数字治理国际规则中已有数字科技伦理治理相关内容,独立成文的数字科技伦理规则也已出台,对中国数字科技伦理治理具有重要参考和借鉴意义。数字科技伦理国际规则的演进经历了三个阶段,即2013年之前以个人数据保护为核心的分散化建设阶段、2013—2019年以跨境数据流动为核心的碎片化建设阶段、2020年至今以人工智能伦理为核心的快速涌现阶段,并呈现三方面的特征,即与数字技术创新、主要伦理失范领域紧密相关;不断寻求数字科技发展、数字贸易便利化、伦理治理三者间的平衡;数字科技伦理国际规则无约束或软约束,区域性规则约束力逐渐增强。当前数字科技伦理国际规则体系由内嵌于国际经贸规则的相关要求、数字治理国际规则的相关条款以及独立成文的数字科技伦理国际规则构成,它们均对数字科技伦理的主要核心议题给予了关切。数字科技伦理国际规则体系给中国的数字科技伦理治理带来了机遇和挑战,对此中国在总体策略上应从被动参与向主动引领转变、从局限于国内转变为放眼全球,在具体举措上应加快中国数字科技伦理规则的高水平供给,形成覆盖相关主体且责任清晰的规则体系;不断提高中国数字科技伦理规则的开放程度;形成数字科技伦理治理生态,发挥多元主体的伦理治理作用,提高全社会数字科技伦理健康水平以应对高标准数字科技伦理国际规则。

当代美德伦理“可法典化批判”的三层含义及其反思

美德伦理与规则伦理的争论焦点之一在于对可法典化的不同态度。规则伦理认为道德行动需要一套明确规则的指导,这些规则等同于一种决策程序,而美德伦理学缺乏此类规则,所以有着“不可法典化(uncodifiability)”的缺陷。与之相对,美德伦理学者认为不可法典化不仅不是缺陷,反而正是美德伦理学的长处。美德伦理分别从实践推理、规则运用、实践审思三个不同层次上对可法典化进行了批判。这些批评在相当程度上指出了规则伦理学的某些误区。但一些美德伦理学者试图在此基础上更进一步,在批评现代道德哲学进路之余全面否定道德哲学中规则的作用,却使得可法典化批判走向了误区。理解可法典化批判的关键在于跳出目前流行的把普遍规则与具体情境截然对立起来的简单二分法,认识道德规则的限度与必要。

新文科背景下高等学校法学教育的三个维度

培育时代新人是新文科建设的根本任务。法治中国建设,关键靠人。高等学校法学教育不仅是法学知识与职业技能的传授,更重要的是培养学生坚守法律职业道德、笃定法治信仰。法学知识与职业技能的传授是高等学校法学教育的基础,法律职业道德教育是高等学校法学教育的关键环节,法治信仰教育是高等学校法学教育的终极价值。

《道德与法治》教材的心理健康教育内容分析与教学建议

初中阶段是青少年成长发育的关键时期。在此阶段,加强青少年心理健康教育十分必要。心理健康作为思想政治教育的基础和深隐层面,是思想政治教育的重要内容和基本任务。教材是中学思想政治教育的载体。文本分析、梳理《道德与法治》教材中的心理健康教育内容,结合教育目标和教育规律,以期提出行之有效的教学建议,提升道德与法治课程的教学效果,助力青少年心理健康成长。

“讲深讲透讲活”高职思想道德与法治课的实践理路研究

“把道理讲深、讲透、讲活”为教师上好思政课提供了根本遵循和评价标准。讲深高职思想道德与法治课,要坚持把准教材关键问题,坚持厘清学生疑难问题,坚持聚焦教学效果问题。讲透高职思想道德与法治课,要聚焦具象化,讲清楚“是什么”的道理;聚焦“三个大”,讲明白“为什么”的原理;聚焦学生行,讲到位“如何做”的事理。讲活高职思想道德与法治课,要以活动载体“做活”课堂,以故事载体“激活”课堂,以技术载体“盘活”课堂。综合运用“三个坚持”“三个聚焦”“三个强化”,有利于推动高职思政教育高质量发展。

中国低生育率危机的伦理冲突及其应对

低生育率是当代中国人口发展面临的严峻问题,是实现适度生育水平和人口长期均衡发展的重要制约因素。文章以人口伦理学的理论和方法为基础,对中国低生育率危机隐含的伦理冲突及形成的伦理原因、应对中国低生育率危机的人口责任伦理构建等问题进行了系统研究。文章认为,中国低生育率危机隐含的伦理冲突主要表现为个体生育价值与国家生育政策之间的矛盾和冲突、女性家庭照料与就业和职业发展之间的矛盾和冲突、家庭生育抚幼与养老资源分配之间的矛盾和冲突三个方面。中国低生育率的伦理原因主要表现为:政策惯性驱动下的晚婚晚育和“只生一个好”生育观念的固化降低了人们的生育意愿,女性地位提高和就业率提高后的“双重角色”对女性生育意愿形成挤压,家庭抚幼养老功能弱化降低了生育的内在动力。构建中国低生育率危机的应对策略需要多管齐下,尤其要加强新时代人口责任伦理建设:一是重塑青年婚育责任伦理,提高人们对婚育价值和意义的认识;二是重构家庭生育责任伦理,倡导和鼓励家庭成员分担生育、养育、教育责任;三是重建关爱女性责任伦理,以尊重女性和关爱女性为价值导向,以尊重女性生育权利、保障女性经济权益为目标,努力营造尊重女性道德人格和生育权利的社会文化氛围。

中医药融入公共卫生应急管理体系面临的若干困境与对策研究

中医药在抗击新发突发传染病等情况中具有特殊优势和独立价值。发挥中医药在公共卫生应急管理领域的功效,需要明确中医药融入公共卫生应急管理体系的必要性,分析将中医药融入公共卫生应急管理体系中的障碍、隐患与伦理风险。通过优化中医药融入公共卫生应急管理体系的法律制度,完善中医药防治重大疫情的卫生应急管理体制、机制建设,提升中医药防治疫病的临床科研技术力度,加强中医药学科教育及人才队伍建设,基于中西结合的背景,推进中医药融入国家公共卫生应急管理体系。

新时代师德师风建设之规则立德:前提、价值和践行

规则立德是新时代师德师风建设的一个重要理念,旨在打通规则与道德之间的转换关系,实现师德内在自律性与规则外在他律性的有机结合,为加强和改进新时代师德师风建设提供了一个崭新视角。师德师风建设之规则立德,有助于守护教师从“圣者化”到“职业化”的顺利转变,适应教师不同于“一般社会角色”的“特性角色”,保障教师实现“自由”与“规范”的辩证统一。提升新时代师德师风建设之规则立德的实效性,应当着力优化师德规则体系的顶层设计,完善规则立德的系统建构,彰显规则立德的实践特质。

法治与伦理框架下的健康医疗数据共享制度研究

当前,我国健康医疗数据共享制度尚未建立,健康医疗数据的价值并未充分释放。在借鉴国际经验的基础上,我国应在法治与伦理框架内制定本土化健康医疗数据共享制度:确立健康医疗数据共享制度的基本法律原则,建立健康医疗数据共享管理机构,搭建统一的数据共享平台,采取严密的伦理审查机制,以及完善医疗数据安全与隐私保护体系,实现健康医疗数据的安全共享和最大化利用。

有组织科研的模式变迁与法治协调

有组织科研并非项目制或者单位制科研,也非当前中国社会科研活动的主流形式,而是为了解决关键核心技术攻关和发挥战略力量作用探索实施的新型科研组织体制机制。本土化的有组织科研不能仅依靠科研组织的自律驱动,更需要具有强制力的法律规范保障有组织科研的进行。整体来看,在前期部署环节,科研人员的创新能力容易被“组织”的形式禁锢;在中期进行环节,易出现“有组织”形式主义大于实质的问题;在后期成果环节,“有组织”约束可能导致成果转化与评价的懈怠。有组织科研的“前中后”环节现存问题应当通过法治化路径解决,需要坚持“放管服”的法治保障体系,构建科研宽容型法律规范体系,完善科研规范型法律惩戒体系,形成科研友好型法律服务体系,维护科研人员的权利。

医事伦理审查制度的法律实现

随着我国涉及人的生命科学和医学研究活动的蓬勃发展,以伦理审查制度为核心的规范群逐渐形成。尽管伦理审查制度已然建立,但关涉伦理审查的法律规范层级较低,对其建构目标、建构理念以及建构原则尚缺乏系统性规定。同时,在医事伦理审查制度的具体构建中,囿于伦理审查委员会法律地位不明、审查标准不明晰、监管机制不健全、法律责任规定粗疏等问题,导致立法旨在强化伦理约束的目标难以达致。在医学科学进步日益对个体发展和社会安全产生强大作用力的背景下,现有的医事伦理审查制度迫切需要革新。为助益医事伦理审查制度运行的有效实现,可从体系化的立法模式、科学化的建构理念以及规范化的审查模式着手,通过构建全链条、立体化的动态评估体系来丰盈医事伦理审查制度的灵魂,进而在法治化轨道上实现医学科学高质量发展与高水平安全之间的良性互动。