Evaluation of shallow geothermal energy resources in the Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei Plain based on land use

To discover the characteristics,distribution and potential of shallow geothermal energy in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain area.This paper,based on a large amount of data collection and field investigations,evaluateed the shallow-layer geothermal energy in the study area through the analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive index method.Based on suitability zoning results superimposed with 1:100000 land use data,the study area is divided into encouraged,controlled,restricted and prospective mining areas regarding the development of shallow geothermal energy,and the economic availability of shallow geothermal energy in the encouraged and controlled areas are evaluated.The results show that the shallow geothermal energy in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Plain can meet the heating and cooling demand of 6×10^(8) m2 of buildings,equivalent to 1.15×10^(7) t of standard coal,thus reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 2.73×10^(7) t and reducing sulfur dioxide emissions by 1.95×10^(5) t.According to the development and utilization mode,the energy demand level and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development plan,the development and utilization of geothermal resources in the plain area has two types:Urban concentrated mining areas and rural scattered mining areas.The scale and level of intensive utilization of regional geothermal resources are of great significance.

Survey and Evaluation of Reserve Arable Land Resources in Xinjiang's Makit County

Using " limiting factor" evaluation method,we make survey and evaluation of reserve arable land resources in Makit County.The results show that 9876.1 ha of land resources can be reclaimed in the county;there is no mining land to be reclaimed;9447.58 ha of grassland can be reclaimed,and it is mainly distributed in Gazikule Township and Kizilawat Township.We make the following recommendations:broadening investment channels and increasing capital investment for arable land consolidation;combining unused land development and environmental protection;making suitability evaluation of reserve arable land resources and determining reasonable direction and path of development and reclamation.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Unsafe State of Arable Land Resources:A Case Study of Chengdu City

We establish the unsafe state indicator system reflecting the unsafe state of arable land within the scope of the city. Using analytic hierarchy process and entropy method,we determine the weight of indicator; using linear weighted method,we conduct comprehensive evaluation of unsafe operation of arable land resource system in Chengdu City during the period 1999-2010. Through the unsafe state analysis,we draw the following conclusion: the share of arable land area in total land area,effective irrigation area,the area of low-yielding field,application rate of chemical fertilizer per unit area of arable land,and application rate of pesticide per unit area of arable land,are the key factors for easing the unsafe state in the short term. Finally we put forth the following recommendations: strengthening profound understanding of the seriousness of unsafe state of arable land; strengthening the basic arable land protection; continuing to tap the quality enhancement potential of arable land; consistently implementing the guideline and policy of " Combination of Use and Maintenance" .

Characterization and Evaluation of Natural Resources for Land Use Diversification Planning: A Case Study in a Block of Meghalaya Using RS &GIS Technique

Characterization and evaluation of land resources of Mawryngkneng block was carried out using IRS-P6 LISS III and LISS-IV data. Five major physiographic units namely structural hills, denudational hills, plateau and intermontane valley were identified. Visual interpretation of satellite data indicated that 32.2% of the total geographical area (TGA) is under dense forest followed by wastelands (28.8%), open forest (16.1%), cultivated area (13.6%), built up area (8.2%) and water body (0.9%). Ten soil series were tentatively identified and the soils belonged to 2 orders (Ultisols and Alfisols), 3 sub orders (Udult, Udalf and Humult), 6 great groups, 8 sub groups. The soils are moderately acidic, deep to very deep and texture varies from sandy clay loam to clay. The soils are very rich in organic carbon. The availability of nitrogen is medium to high and phosphorus availability is low to medium whereas potassium availability is low in the entire study area. The soils were grouped into land capability class II & III and the soils were moderately to marginally suitable for orange and marginally suitable for pine apple. An action plan with suggested land use and interventions has been prepared by using all land resource information generated under the study. The action plan includes areas for afforestation, intensive cultivation in the existing cropped areas with soil conservation measures like mulching, zero tillage etc. and orange and pine apple plantation in open scrub lands which are cultivable wastelands. This might help the farmers and the planner in better management of land resources for sustained productivity.

The theory and method research on the double evaluation of land and space:A survey

By reviewing the theories and methods of resource and environmental carrying capacity evaluation and suitability evaluation of land and space development,it provides theoretical and technical support for rational layout and optimization of land and space development pattern.From the aspects of resource carrying capacity,environmental carrying capacity,the importance of ecological protection,the suitability of agricultural production,and the suitability of urban construction,we sort out domestic and foreign documents.The evaluation of resource carrying capacity has changed from single-factor evaluation to multi-factor comprehensive evaluation.At present,the optimization of land use pattern based on the“three-generation”space is still under exploration,it is not enough to systematize and summarize the thought of optimizing the spatial pattern of the national territory.The theoretical framework,model,method and index of“dual evaluation”of territorial space need to be improved continuously,it also needs the scientific analysis and cognition from the natural direction to the human location direction and the spatial equilibrium state as the new driving force.

Objective and quantitative evaluation of environmental quality of the land for agriculture purpose

An objective and quantitative evaluation method on land environmental quality for agricultural purpose in a county range is studied in this paper. The method takes into account the quantity of heat, precipitation, meteorological disaster and soil fertility, which have close relationship to the potential productivity of land and can be expressed conveniently and accurately by taking Kai County as an example. Besides comprehensive grading assessment, assessment with Hilbert Space distance coefficiency and comprehensive judgement by fuzzy sets theory, the assessment factors are expanded to 18 parameters, and fuzzy dominance matrix and fuzzy clustering methods are adopted for regional comprehensive identification of agriculture-use land. Among these methods, each benefits from association with the other. In this paper, an all-round and objective new way for understanding of land environmental quality is put forward.

Evaluation of Arable Land Reserve Resources and Analysis of Restrictive Factors: A Case Study of Hangjin Banner in Inner Mongolia

Taking land available for cultivation and mining land available for reclamation in Hangjin Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,using land use database of 2012 as evaluation base,it made evaluation of arability of 677 021. 40 hm2 reserve land resources by the restrictive factor evaluation method. Besides,it analyzed main restrictive factors of arable land reserve resources in Hangjin Banner. Results indicate that the total area arable land reserve resources is 52 200. 02 hm2,accounting for 7. 71% of total area evaluated. Irrigation condition and soil thickness are major factors restricting development of arable land reserve resources in the study area. It is expected to provide reference for development of arable land reserve resources and land consolidation project in Hangjin Banner.

The environment of coal mining areas and the economic evaluation of the land reclamation

The environment impact of the coal resources mining was analyzed. The method of economic evaluation for the coal mining was established to analyze land destruction. The opportunity cost method was used to quantitatively analyze and estimate the economic loss of the land destruction by coal mining. At the same time, the dump land reclamation of the Yuanbaoshan Open Pit was taken as an example to evaluate environmental and economical benefit with the method of economic evaluation for the coal mining areas land reclamation.

Evaluation of Potential Land Productivity in Wulushan, West China

The general situation of the total land resources in Wulushan, West China was studied by field investigations with the aid of a GIS software, called Region Manager. The current status of land use in Wulushan is described. The potential land productivity was evaluated by a fuzzy comprehensive method, We take each plot as a basic unit of evaluation on the basis of an index system of land resources in Wulushan which was developed from the investigation data. Evaluation of potential land productivity is the key part of land management. A guideline is presented in this paper for a proper utilization of the land resources and to develop the productive capacity of the land.

SUSTAINABLE USE OF LAND RESOURCE AND ITS EVALUATION IN COUNTY AREA—A Case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

Sustainable use of natural resources is different from sustainable development. As the most important natural resource, sustainable use of land resource is the essential guarantee of sustainable development. The nature of sustainable use of land resource is to retain the quantity and productivity of land resource from generation to generation.The evaluation of sustainable use of land resource is an important method to ensure land use to get onto the sustainable track. Furthermore, building index system is the key of the evaluation. In view of tendency of the evaluation indexes chosen so widely, the evaluation indexes should include only three kinds in the researches on the evaluation of sustainable use of land resource. The first is the stock and structure index of land resource, viz. Areas quantity structure of land resources. In China, it is especially paid attention to the per person index of land quantity and rate between cultivated land and farmland. The second is the productive index of land, which includes the productivity, potentiality, stability and renewal situation of land. The third is the sustained index of land environment. On the evaluation research of area level, we should lay particular emphasis on statistic indexes. With a case of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in China, the evaluation index system of sustainable land use in county area has been built in this thesis. Using the weighted average method to calculate the means of sustainable land use in each county, according to the land using situation, all counties in the autonomous region have been divided into three types. (1) Sustainable Pattern contains 18 counties, which have higher land resource productivity, stronger sustained abilities of land environment .The economic benefits of land using in these counties are obviously higher. These counties have gotten highly intensive farming, and they are all in the good circumstance. (2) Basically Sustained Pattern contains 48 counties, which productivity of land resource is of middle level. In part of counties and cities, the stock of land resource inclines to lower level, but their land using potentialities are still greater. Through changing land using pattern, these counties can rapidly enter in a good circumstance. (3) Critically Sustained Pattern contains 14 counties, which are mostly in the karst mountain areas. They have less stock of land resource, lower productivity and more extensive cultivation. The productivity of land renewing has been hindered, so it urgently need to be renovated. At last, the writers have explored the basic ways of sustainable use of land resource in Guangxi, China — (1) Retain the stock of land resource and strictly manage farmland uses. (2) Strengthen the value accounting of land resource, and control the farmland occupation of non agricultural construction. (3) Depend on technology advanced, optimize the land using structure, and promote the productive level. (4) Carry out land management all round, and improve the ecological environment of land resource. (5) Enhance evaluation researche and land monitoring, and promote the sustainable utilization level of land resource.

LAND EVALUATION AND RATIONAL STRUCTURE OF LAND-USE IN DESERT STEPPE AREA IN NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION

Located in the middle and north part of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the desertsteppe area includes the whole of Shizuishan, Huinong, Pingluo, Taole, Helan, Yingchuan,Yongning, Lingwu, Qingtongxia, Wuzhong, Zhongning, and Zhongwei counties and thenorth part of Yanchi, Tongxin counties. This region has an area of 32020 km^2. The popula-

Application of Bayesian Network Learning Methods to Land Resource Evaluation

Bayesian network has a powerful ability/or reasoning and semantic representation, which combined with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, with prior knowledge and observed data, and provides an effective way to deal with prediction, classification and clustering. Firstly, this paper presented an overview of Bayesian network and its characteristics, and discussed how to learn a Bayesian net- work structure from given data, and then constructed a Bayesian network model for land resource evaluation with expert knowledge and the dataset. The experimental results based on the test dataset are that evaluation accuracy is 87.5%, and Kappa index is 0. 826. All these prove the method is feasible and efficient, and indicate that Bayesian network is a promising approach for land resource evaluation.

Studies on Land Resource Inventory for Agricultural Land Use Planning in Northern Transition Zone of India through Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Land suitability analysis is a prerequisite to achieving optimum utilization of available land resources. Hence, a study on land resource inventory for agricultural land use planning was conducted in the Northern Transition Zone of India to determine land capability and develop a suitability map for wheat and sorghum-based on physical and climatic factors of production using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed soil survey information was used for this exercise. Four series (Singhanhalli, Mugli, Bogur and Venkatapur series) were identified and mapped into seventeen mapping units. Land capability classification showed that a greater portion of the study area belonged to class III followed by class IV with limitations of erosion, wetness and varying soil properties. Four land capability classes viz., II, III, IV, and VI, and seven subclasses viz., IIsf, IIItsf, IVs, IVt, IVts, IVtsf and VIt were identified. Major limitations of these subclasses were slope, erosion, depth, texture, coarse fragments, pH, organic carbon and base saturation. Soil suitability assessment revealed that the soils are moderately suitable to permanently not suitable. About 234 ha (31.6%) is moderately suitable, 494 ha (65.0%) marginally suitable and 10.2 ha (1.3%) permanently not suitable for wheat;while 78.5 ha (10.3%) is moderately suitable, 633.4 ha (82.3%) marginally suitable and 32.6 ha (4.3%) permanently not suitable for sorghum respectively. The moderate, marginal and permanent non-suitability was due to moderate, severe and very severe limitations respectively. However, it is possible to achieve potential yield of the crops in the study area if these limitations are addressed.

Land development suitability analysis for transport planning evaluation and optimization in mountainous ecological region

Transportation planning is a critical component for creating an orderly,intensive,and sustainable pattern of land development.By comprehensively considering the potential and suitability of transport construction,a comprehensive method combining resources and environmental carrying capacity(RECC)and land development suitability(LDS)was developed by using techniques of GIS,analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and threedimensional magic cube.Taking Aba prefecture in Sichuan Province of Southwest China as a case study,LDS for transportation was analyzed from three aspects,including overall planning layout,different transport modes,and transportation projects.The results showed that the transport planning scales of most counties in Aba were suitable,and the order of LDS of different transport modes was railway>highway=superhighway>tourism track,which already included 42 new transportation projects.We found that two counties(Maoxian County and Jiuzhaigou County)should improve the ecological protection level of transportation,in which the railway network construction should be encouraged,and some transportation projects with low LDS should be postponed or constructed harmlessly.We suggest the combination of RECC and LDS for transportation could enhance the territorial space optimization and sustainable transport construction.

Improving Land Resource Evaluation Using Fuzzy Neural Network Ensembles

陆地评估因素经常包含连续 -- ，分离值、名字值的属性。在传统的陆地评估，这些不同属性通常由陆路被分级进范畴的索引资源专家，和评估结果重重地依靠专家的经验。以便克服缺点，我们介绍了没要求 grading 的一个模糊神经网络整体方法评估因素进范畴的索引并且能由直接使用三种属性价值评估土地资源。模糊的背繁殖神经网络(BPNN ) ，一个模糊光线的基础函数神经网络(RBFNN ) ，一个模糊 BPNN 整体，和一个模糊 RBFNN 整体被用来在广东评估土地资源省。由使用模糊 BPNN 整体和模糊 RBFNN 整体的评估结果是比由使用单个模糊 BPNN 和单个模糊 RBFNN 的那些好一些的，并且单个模糊 RBFNN 或模糊 RBFNN 整体的错误率分别地比单个模糊 BPNN 或模糊 BPNN 整体的低。由使用模糊神经网络整体，土地资源评估的有效性被改进，陆地计算程序的经验上的信赖更加被减少。

Evaluation method and empirical application of human activity suitability of land resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The current suitability evaluation methods for land resources human activity in China suffer from theoretical deficiencies related to fundamental data accuracy,elevation and slope classification,and suitability class judgment.Empirical application of these methods is also hindered by excessive evaluation indicators,data acquisition difficulties,and limited applicability to high altitude regions.To address these issues,this paper proposes a technical evaluation framework for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) that employs selected key parameters varying with elevation and slope to establish grid-scale evaluation models for construction land suitability(CLS) and arable land suitability(ALS).A generalized algorithm is then proposed for key parameters such as air density,air temperature,slope suitability for construction,and soil erosion resistance of sloping arable land.Empirical research is conducted using Milin County in southeast Tibet as a case study,with interval measurements of 100 m in elevation and 1° in slope.The evaluation model is tested using grid accuracies of 30 m,50 m,100 m,250 m,500 m,and 1000 m.The results reveal that:Firstly,the CLS and ALS can be categorized into five classes:highly suitable,suitable,moderately suitable,marginally suitable,and unsuitable,with varying area ratios under different grid accuracies.Secondly,existing construction lands in Milin County are mainly distributed in suitable,highly suitable,and moderately suitable CLS classes,accounting for over 94% of the total area studied under different grid accuracies.While arable land is mainly distributed in suitable,highly suitable,and moderately suitable ALS classes,accounting for over 96%.Thirdly,the empirical research in Milin County indicates that the evaluation method,quantitative model,and parameters algorithm for evaluating human activity suitability of land resources on the QTP are feasible and applicable,with a recommended grid accuracy within 100 m and a maximum of 250 m.Fourthly,the paper establishes a correspondence between land suitability(including construction land and arable land) and topographic factors(elevation and slope) that can be applied to the QTP.Finally,some professional defects in the evaluation methods of available land resources in Major Function Zoning and “Double Evaluations” of Territorial Spatial Planning in China when applied to the QTP are identified.

国土“三调”赋能下的耕地恢复潜力调查研究

恢复类地块是耕地资源的重要储备,充分认清恢复类地块资源的数量及恢复耕地潜力,对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文全面介绍了耕地恢复潜力调查工作,并与耕地后备资源潜力调查模式进行了横向对比分析。基于“三调”基础数据,以广州市从化区耕地恢复潜力调查为研究对象,采用“3+2”的分段调查模式。第一阶段以图斑为单元,依现状核实“农作物种植/水产养殖类别”、“耕作便利度”和“水源保障”三类属性信息;第二阶段以村社为单元,核实记录“恢复成本”和“群众意愿”两类属性信息;最后,从地块恢复成本、水源供给和耕地质量等条件,进一步对恢复类耕地开发利用的工作方向提出建议。

新形势下耕地资源质量分类与等别转换的应用研究——以济南市为例

以济南市为研究区域,在2021年度耕地资源质量分类成果的基础上,运用改进的灰靶模型和指标赋分求和法2种等别转换方式将济南市耕地资源质量分类成果转换为等别数据。结果表明:改进的灰靶模型兼顾了耕地的自然本底特征和耕地的粮食产能,在赋权和评价过程更为客观、科学,转换后的等别成果更为合理,济南市质量较好的耕地主要位于中部和北部平原地区以及沿黄地区,等别主要为3等和4等地,占总耕地面积的77%,符合济南市实际情况;采用指标赋分求和法转换的等别整体较为合理,但主观性较强,评价结果区域内部差异性较小。因此,改进的灰靶模型在耕地资源质量分类与等别衔接研究中应用性更强,转换成果可为耕地占补平衡与进出平衡等实践应用提供参考。

多元价值兼顾下的旧城镇更新的土地资源价值评估研究--以广州市番禺区旧城镇为例

社会型城市更新应兼顾多元价值,同时考虑物质空间要素的迭代优化及非物质空间要素的保育利用。当前更新改造规划并未充分考量非物质空间要素,导致旧城更新实践上的文化保护“拆”“留”两难。从多元价值兼顾的视角实施更新地区的土地资源价值评估,有助于推动更新规划走向社会型城市更新。以广州市番禺区旧城镇为例,分析旧城镇更新的历程和困境,基于多元兼顾的视角构建旧城镇更新改造规划的土地资源价值评估工具。运用多源大数据及实地调研数据,采用空间分析、语义分析等方法,基于必然认定项及低效评价指标体系,筛选需迫切改造的旧城资源进入更新资源数据库;然后基于文化、居住、产业三维度的多元价值评估体系,将数据库的旧城资源进行价值评估和分类分区。此后,对不同类型的旧城资源分别提出更新指引。探讨了结合物质空间要素指标和非物质空间要素指标的土地资源价值评估工具创新,以期为多元目标下的旧城镇改造提供思路借鉴。

基于DPSIR模型的梁子湖流域水资源承载力评价与保护策略

水资源承载力评价是“双评价”的重要内容,是国土空间规划的前提和基础。如何全面量化测度水资源承载力并对接国土空间规划进行区域空间格局优化,是梁子湖流域社会经济可持续发展中亟待解决的问题。本文选取社会、经济、生态多维度评价指标,以Arc GIS为平台,通过构建DPSIR评价模型,对梁子湖流域2020年水资源承载力进行评价并将评价结果进行空间落位。研究结果表明,基于DPSIR模型构建的梁子湖水资源承载力评价体系中,驱动力子系统权重占比最大,人为调控对水资源承载力具有较大影响。流域2020年水资源承载力总体居于良好水平,各城市之间由于社会经济发展水平的不同以及地形地貌差异,其水资源承载力也存在显著区域差别,水资源承载力高的区域,应以保护为主,水资源承载力较高的区域,应保护与开发并举,水资源承载力较低的区域,要以污染防治,控制规模为主。通过探索梁子湖流域水资源承载力从评估框架到保护实施的技术方法,以期为流域国土空间规划与生态保护提供参考。