Three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection in the statistical analysis of single photon emission computed tomography data for distinguishing between Alzheimer's disease and depression

AIM To evaluate usefulness of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) with three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection(3D-SSP) in distinguishing between Alzheimer's disease(AD) and depression.METHODS We studied 43 patients who presented with both depressive symptoms and memory disturbance. Each subject was evaluated using the following:(1) the Minimal Mental State Examination;(2) the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression;(3) Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale(CGI-S); and(4) SPECT imaging with 3D-SSP.RESULTS The MMSE scores correlated significantly with the maximum Z-scores of AD-associated regions. CGI-S scores correlated significantly with the maximum Z-scores of depression-associated regions. Factor analysis identified three significant factors. Of these, Factor 1 could be interpreted as favouring a tendency for AD, Factor 2 as favouring a tendency for pseudo-dementia, and Factor 3 as favouring a depressive tendency.CONCLUSION We investigated whether these patients could be categorized as types: Type A(true AD), Type B(pseudodementia), Type C(occult AD), and Type D(true depression). The factor scores in factor analysis supported the validity of this classification. Our results suggest that SPECT with 3D-SSP is highly useful for distinguishing between depression and depressed mood in the early stage of AD.

Achieving Intrinsic Dual-Band Excitonic Luminescence from a Single Three-Dimensional Perovskite Nanoparticle Through Ni^(2+)-Mediated Halide Anion Exchange

Rapid halide anion exchange easily occurring in metal-halide perovskite nanoparticles(NPs)makes it nearly impossible to create a single three-dimensional(3D)CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)NP that simultaneously comprises two separate perovskite components.To circumvent this problem,we first propose a Ni^(2+)-mediated halide anion-exchange strategy in zero-dimensional(0D)Ni^(2+)-doped Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)(Cs_(4)PbBr_(6):Ni)perovskites to achieve ultra-stable 3D CsPbX_(3)NPs with two coexisting different perovskite individuals of CsPbCl_(3)and/or CsPbBr_(3).By combining the experimental results with first-principles calculations,we confirm that the completely isolated[PbBr_(6)]4−octahedra in 0D Cs_(4)PbBr_(6):Ni NPs can restrict rapid halide anion exchange and the anion diffusion preferentially proceeds in the proximity of substitutional NiPb centers,namely[NiBr_(6)]4−octahedra in a meta-stable state,rather than in the 0D Cs_(4)PbBr_(6)and residual 3D CsPbBr_(3)regions,thereby delivering intrinsic dual-band excitonic luminescence from a single 3D CsPbX_(3)NP with a more stable and efficient CsPbCl_(3)component as compared to its counterparts synthesized using conventional methods.These new insights regarding the precise control of halide anion exchange enable the preparation of a new type of high-efficiency perovskite materials with suppressed anion interdiffusion for prospective optoelectronic devices.

Application of Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology in Project Management of Offshore Platform Engineering Construction

Three-dimensional visualization technology converts engineering design drawings and data into graphics or images, realizes virtual reality perception of simulated users in future construction scene, enhances the interaction between project management and technical personnel and engineering construction achievement, and provides intuitive, flexible and strong realistic experience for project management. It can effectively improve the level of project communication, and assist the needs of project construction planning management, training, exhibition, etc. As a tool to help improve project management skills, it has good application effect and prospects.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections

BACKGROUND： It is not possible to reconstruct the inner structure of the spinal cord, such as gray matter and spinal tracts, from the Visual Human Project database or CT and MRI databases, due to low image resolution and contrast in macrosection images. OBJECTIVE： To explore a semi-automatic computerized three-dimensional （3D） reconstruction of human spinal cord based on histological serial sections, in order to solve issues such as low contrast. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An experimental study combining serial section techniques and 3D reconstruction, performed in the laboratory of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology at the Medical School of Nantong University during January to April 2008. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Institute of Neurobiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, Laboratory of Image Engineering. MATERIALS： A human lumbar spinal cord segment from fresh autopsy material of an adult male. METHODS： After 4% paraformaldehyde fixation for three days, serial sections of the lumbar spinal cord were cut on a Leica cryostat and mounted on slides in sequence, with eight sections aligned separately on each slide. All sections were stained with Luxol Fast Blue to reveal myelin sheaths. After gradient dehydration and clearing, the stained slides were coverslipped. Sections were observed and images recorded under a light microscope using a digital camera. Six images were acquired at x25 magnification and automatically stitched into a complete section image. After all serial images were obtained, 96 complete serial images of the human lumbar cord segment were automatically processed with ＂Curves＂, ＂Autocontrast＂, ＂Gray scale 8 bit＂, ＂Invert＂, ＂Image resize to 50%＂ steps using Photoshop 7.0 software. All images were added in order into 3D-DOCTOR 4.0 software as a stack, where serial images were automatically realigned with neighboring images and semi-automatically segmented for white matter and gray matter. Finally, simple surface and volume reconstruction were completed on a personal computer. The reconstructed human lumbar spinal cord segment was interactively observed, cut, and measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The reconstructed human lumbar spinal cord segment. RESULTS： Compared with serial images obtained from other image modalities, such as CT, MRI, and macrosections from The Visual Human Project database, the Luxol Fast Blue stained histological serial section images exhibited higher resolution and contrast between gray and white matter. Image processing and 3D reconstruction steps were semi-automatically performed with related software. The 3D reconstructed human lumbar cord segment were observed, cut, and measured on a PC. CONCLUSION： A semi-automatically computerized method, based on histological serial sections, is an effective way to 3D-reconstruct the human spinal cord.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR DAM IN THE YANGTZE RIVER

The calculation of flow and sediment transport is one of the most important tasks in river engineering. The task is particularly difficult because a number of complex physical phenomena should be accounted for more realistically in a model with a predictive power. Three-dimensional calculations of river flow and suspended sediment transport are performed in this paper with application in the Three Gorges Reservoir in the Yangtze River. A period of 76 years after the dam is built is simulated and the results are compared with laboratory measurements obtained by Tsinghua University whereby the model is verified and calibrated. Generally speaking, the calculated results agree well with the experiments, demonstrating that the present model can be used for flow and sediment transport prediction in rivers.

A uniform framework of projection and community detection for one-mode network in bipartite networks

Projection is a widely used method in bipartite networks. However, each projection has a specific application scenario and differs in the forms of mapping for bipartite networks. In this paper, inspired by the network-based information exchange dynamics, we propose a uniform framework of projection. Subsequently, an information exchange rate projection based on the nature of community structures of a network （named IERCP） is designed to detect community structures of bipartite networks. Results from the synthetic and real-world networks show that the IERCP algorithm has higher performance compared with the other projection methods. It suggests that the IERCP may extract more information hidden in bipartite networks and minimize information loss.

A Three-Dimensional Prediction Method for Thermal Diffusion

A three-dimensional, first order turbulence closure, thermal diffusion model is described in this paper. The governing equations consist of an equation of continuity, three components of momentum, conservation equations for salt, temperature and subgridscale energy, and an equation of state. In the model, according to the hypothesis of Kolmogorov and Prandtl, the viscosity coefficient of turbulent flow of homogeneous fluid is related to the local turbulent energy, and the horizontal and vertical exchange coefficients of mass, heat and momentum are computed with the introduction of subgridscale turbulence energy. The governing equations are solved by finite difference techniques. This model is applied to the Jiaozhou bay to predict thermal pollution by the Huangdao power plant. An instantaneous tidal current field is computed, then the distribution of temperature increment is predicted, and finally the effect of wind stress on thermal discharge is discussed.

山东裕龙岛跨河道工程对沉积动力环境影响研究

根据裕龙岛附近海域水文和地形等实测资料,采用数值模拟的方法,模拟了研究区跨河道工程建设前后的水动力、冲淤和水交换等沉积动力特征,探讨了跨河道工程建设对裕龙岛内部沉积动力环境的影响。结果表明,跨河道工程建设使裕龙岛内部水道潮流流速整体减小,最大减小量超过20 cm/s,减弱了水道内水动力环境;工程建设对水道内冲淤环境产生一定影响,改变了水道的微侵蚀环境,部分地区发生淤积,最大年淤积量超过2 cm;工程建设明显影响水道内水交换,造成水交换率下降,部分区域水交换率低于60%。整体而言,经一河、经二河建设桥梁,纬一河建设管涵对水道内沉积动力环境影响相对较小,符合工程建设的实际要求。海岸工程建设应优先考虑海洋环境保护,实现工程和环境的协调发展。

Generative deep-learning-embedded asynchronous structured light for three-dimensional imaging

Three-dimensional(3D)imaging with structured light is crucial in diverse scenarios,ranging from intelligent manufacturing and medicine to entertainment.However,current structured light methods rely on projector-camera synchronization,limiting the use of affordable imaging devices and their consumer applications.In this work,we introduce an asynchronous structured light imaging approach based on generative deep neural networks to relax the synchronization constraint,accomplishing the challenges of fringe pattern aliasing,without relying on any a priori constraint of the projection system.To overcome this need,we propose a generative deep neural network with U-Net-like encoder-decoder architecture to learn the underlying fringe features directly by exploring the intrinsic prior principles in the fringe pattern aliasing.We train within an adversarial learning framework and supervise the network training via a statisticsinformed loss function.We demonstrate that by evaluating the performance on fields of intensity,phase,and 3D reconstruction.It is shown that the trained network can separate aliased fringe patterns for producing comparable results with the synchronous one:the absolute error is no greater than 8μm,and the standard deviation does not exceed 3μm.Evaluation results on multiple objects and pattern types show it could be generalized for any asynchronous structured light scene.

中国青年科技人才主持国际科技合作项目的成效与优化策略

青年科技人才是科技创新事业发展生力军、国际科技交流合作中坚力量,但目前国内外缺少对青年科技人才与非青年科技人才主持(基金)项目成效的对比研究,以及主持(基金)项目对青年科技人才成长影响的理论分析。为深入探究国际科技合作项目在培养具有国际视野青年科技人才方面的实践效果,以中国国家重点研发计划“战略性科技创新合作”重点专项为例,总结梳理青年科技人才主持项目的资助现状及实施成效,主要发现包括:与非青年科技人才相比,青年科技人才主持的项目成效更为显著,项目实施在推进科技人员交流、技术研发、成果转化、人才培养及青年科技人才自身成长和发展等方面发挥了重要作用;此外,通过问卷调查,系统分析青年科技人才对国际科技合作项目的需求特征,以及青年项目负责人在组织实施国际科技合作项目过程中遇到的问题,主要包括加大科技人才支持、完善资金跨国(境)使用制度、完善考核评价体系、加强科研管理政策宣传等四方面的实际需求和具有政治不确定性因素、新冠疫情等不可抗力因素等两方面项目实施难点;最后,围绕项目部署、经费使用、绩效评价、风险防范等方面思考提出优化国际合作类科研项目管理的建议,包括在国际科技合作类项目中设立青年科学家项目,完善经费跨国(境)使用制度和激励保障机制,建立体现国际合作特点的综合绩效评价体系,加强对国际科技合作项目宣传,提高项目实施的风险预判、防范和应对能力等,希望能为中国培养具有丰富国际科技交流合作经验和国际竞争力的青年科技人才提供政策参考。

Numerical Investigation of Zigzag Bending-Angle Channel Effects on Thermal Hydraulic Performance of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger

This study investigated the effects of zigzag-flow channel bending angle in printed circuit heat exchangers(PCHEs) using a computational fluid dynamics method with ANSYS-FLUENT simulation.The three-dimensional model of PCHE with a 15° curved,zigzag channel was conducted for preliminary validation.The comparisons between the CFD simulation results and the experimental data showed good agreement with some discrepancies in the heat transfer and pressure drop results.In addition,different bending angle configurations(0°,3° to 30°) of zigzag channels were analyzed to obtain better thermal-hydraulic performance of the zigzag channel PCHE under different inlet mass flow rates.The criteria of heat transfer and frictional factor were applied to evaluate the thermal-hydraulic performance of the PCHE.The results showed that the 6° and 9°bending channel provided good thermal-hydraulic performance.New correlations were developed using the 6°and 9° bending channel angles in PCHE designs to predict the Nusselt number and friction factor.

灵渠流域多民族交往交流交融的历史及启示

汇聚了汉、壮、瑶、苗等多个民族的灵渠流域,一直是多民族交往交流交融的重要区域和共有的公共活动空间。灵渠运河文化正是灵渠流域中华民族共同体意识形成的历史见证和文化缩影,是灵渠流域各民族共享的历史记忆和共有的精神家园,持续推动着灵渠流域经济、社会、文化的发展,也为新时代背景下实现中华民族伟大复兴贡献了重要力量。

国家地下水监测工程(水利部分)数据交换关键技术

以水利行业典型的四级(水利部—流域—省—地市)交换应用场景,以及水利部和自然资源部两部地下水监测数据实时交换共享的应用场景为基础,针对水利行业复杂网络条件下海量数据长距离实时和跨部委海量异构数据可信等交换需求,提出多源数据长距离传输适配对接、海量数据交换分布式协同调度、基于安全隔离网闸双向可信交换和两部海量异构数据融合共享等4项技术,从核心结构和原理层面对技术进行总结,并基于实际运行经验提出下一步升级建议。目前,4项技术在国家地下水监测工程(水利部分)中普遍应用及推广,应用结果表明:数据交换关键技术可实现复杂条件下的数据交换与共享,以及两部国家地下水监测数据的实时汇集、上报、共享和交换,并为地方地下水监测站数据汇交至流域分中心和国家中心提供技术支撑。

基于指标法和层次分析法的浅层地热能资源勘查及评价

以山东省聊城市东昌府区浅层地热能开发利用示范工程为例,系统研究示范工程选址、换热方式选型的思路和工作方法。相关结论不仅为换热孔的设计和施工提供了依据,也为开展浅层地热能开发利用项目提供了参考。

福建省第八批援疆助力昌吉州文化润疆工程析探

福建省第八批援疆干部人才入疆,扎实推进昌吉州文化润疆工程建设,提升了昌吉文化基础设施建设,形成多级化公共文化设施网络组织;开展赠送文化物品及文化互动活动,助力传承民族优秀文化;深入开展文化交往交流交融活动,推动民族团结发展。援疆助力文化润疆工程在战略规划和顶层设计、组织机构及协作机制上存在一些不足,投资主体责任尚不明确,社会资金投入略显不足,“硬件强软件弱”较为突出,缺乏统一行动方案,没有形成文化建设的强大合力。树牢文化润疆“一盘棋”思想,全面展示文化润疆的时代性,构建文化润疆的有效载体,建立健全统一高效的组织机制、多元化的投入机制与多元参与的行动机制,通过各种文化交流活动,全面展示福建、昌吉优秀文化之美,增强文化交融创新、互学互鉴,搭建交流合作平台,实现文化价值、产业价值的“共赢发展”。

某大型石化项目海水冷却系统设计

通过国外某大型石化项目海水冷却系统设计,对海水直流冷却及海水循环冷却2种设计方案进行比较,从工艺流程、平面布置、构筑物设置、设备选型及投资估算等方面进行探讨,分析了设计中注意事项,以及设计中遇到的重难点问题,总结出相关思路及经验,以供类似项目参考。

国际EPC工程合同付款条件的解读与应用

针对当前国际建设项目中常见的设计采购施工总承包模式,通过分析国际咨询工程师联合会出版的黄皮书和银皮书,解读书中的关键付款条件,研究其投标策略。研究认为应当以较确定的总价承包方式和预先确定的付款计划来计量和支付,合同价款的结算和支付应当约定币种和汇率,应当设置预付款摊还机制和保留金保函替换机制,付款账期应当考虑结算审批和支付两个环节,延误付款应当设置惩罚性机制以应对恶意欠付。

全国重点实验室开放基金课题管理探索与实践

全国重点实验室是我国发展战略科技力量的强力支撑,开放基金课题是推动实验室基础研究与发展、人才合作交流的重要抓手。该文介绍了某全国重点实验室在开放基金课题申请评审与考核管理等方面的探索和创新,以及在课题申请数量、学术交流质量、科技合作成果等方面取得的成效,并从课题的全过程精细化管理、经费灵活性管理、信息化管理等方面开展对策分析,建议扩大课题辐射范围,以期为今后全国重点实验室开放基金课题的管理提供参考,促进实验室开放交流和科研发展。