Mr.Zhangshou Interviewed the China Area Manager of “Asia Investment Plan”of Europe Union

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Study on the Tourism Facilities Construction in Agricultural Demonstration Zone——A Case Study of Southern Jiangsu Area

[Objective] To investigate and analyze the existing problems in the agricultural tourism facilities construction in southern Jiangsu area,and put forward the improvement measures so as to effectively promote the overall development of agricultural tourism and the construction of new rural area. [Method] Adopting questionnaire survey and analyzing the differences of tourism facilities. [Result] The overall satisfaction of tourists in tourism facilities is 47.2%,a basically satisfying level; the least satisfaction level is 31.8% in public sanitation facilities after the satisfaction in recreation and explanation facilities. [Conclusion] With experiencing the ecology and returning to the nature as characteristics,the construction of facilities should comply with the theme of agricultural tourism to demonstrate the characteristics of agriculture and the local area,and in the scale of planning,architectural style and subject selection also should follow this principle. Investigations about the tourists resources should be carried on,the construction and management of transportation,greening and public sanitation facilities should be proceeded effectively to attract tourists to stay or come again and to realize the sustainable development of agricultural tourism.

基于InVEST模型和PLUS模型的三峡库区(重庆段)碳储量时空变化及预测

分析三峡库区(重庆段)近10 a的土地利用类型及碳储量的空间格局,并模拟未来10 a不同情景下土地变化趋势、预测碳储量变化,有利于促进区域土地利用格局的优化、合理生态政策的制定。利用InVEST模型,选取13个驱动因子,分析三峡库区(重庆段)在2010—2020年及不同发展情景下2030年的土地利用变化趋势,并结合PLUS模型评估其碳储量状况。结果表明:①2010—2020年三峡库区(重庆段)土地利用变化主要表现为耕地、草地和湿地向林地、建设用地及水域的快速转移;2010年、2020年碳储量分别为426.89×10^(6)、425.51×10^(6) t,呈下降趋势,总量减少了1.38×10^(6) t;②碳储量分布具有空间分异性,总体表现为西低东高、南低北高、库首>库尾,碳储量空间变化与地类变化具有较高的一致性;土地利用空间格局演变的贡献度最高的驱动因素是社会经济因子,其中人口、GDP最为突出;③到2030年,自然发展情景和城镇发展情景下碳储量分别减少了0.76×10^(6)、8.98×10^(6) t,生态保护情景下增加了3.72×10^(6) t。高碳密度的地类向低碳密度地类转移是导致碳储量减少的主要原因,因此,未来应形成平衡、协调、低碳的土地利用空间格局,规划城市增长边界,重点保障巫山山系、大巴山系、武陵山系等林草高碳储量区,推行尾库区复林复草,保障库区碳汇功能。

Study on Integrated Design of Building Facilities in Scenic Areas

The authors begin with traditional architectural design methodology,review basic theories and development trends of architectural designs from the ancient times to the present.On the basis of combining traditional oriental integral view,modern architectural design and landscape design theories,current construction of building facilities in scenic areas are analyzed,integrated design of the building facilities is proposed,and"integrated design system"further analyzed to offer effective references and theoretical support for the design and construction of building facilities in scenic areas.

Study on Investing and Financing Development in Rural Area:A Case Study of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

"Surplus income" of farmers has been increasing steadily with the marked improvement of rural economy. However,development of rural financing market in China is rather backward. To satisfy the financing requirement of farmers and meet the demand of the construction of new countryside as well as harmonious society,development of financing market in rural area is eager to be quickened. Taking Guangxi Autonomous Region as an example,there are problems in rural investing and financing development. Firstly,farmers are in lacking of accurate understanding of investing and financing. Secondly,investors in rural area lack professional knowledge about financing generally. Thirdly,rural area has underdeveloped information degree as well as imperfect investing and financing environment. Fourthly,there are no financial products developed for rural area. Fifthly,economic development is unbalanced and relatively underdeveloped in rural area. Lastly,rural financial market has long been neglected by financial intermediaries. In order to cope with these problems,firstly,farmers should be assisted to establish accurate financial awareness and master necessary financial knowledge. Secondly,local intermediaries like securities firms and banks should be encouraged to exert impact on rural financial market. Thirdly,financial products suitable for Guangxi rural area are to be developed. Fourthly, construction and perfection of rural financial market should be quickened. Lastly,rural economic development should be quickened to enlarge capital source of financing.

Study on the Change of Eco-Environmental Quality in Jiufeng Mountain Area Based on InVEST Model

Habitat is not only an important place for animals and plants to inhabit and reproduce, but also the basis of human survival and development. With the large-scale development of mineral resources, land use types have changed sharply, fragile habitats tend to collapse, and the future sustainable development has lost a stable carrier. Habitat quality is a comprehensive expression of the interaction of many factors such as land, biology and water resources for many years. Natural factors are the most direct factors affecting habitat quality, and human activities are the most intense factors. The habitat module of invest model was used to evaluate the changes and temporal and spatial characteristics of habitat quality in Jiufeng Mountain from 1990 to 2018. It is found that the habitat quality in Jiufeng Mountain area shows a downward trend, and the ecological environment is very fragile. The high value areas of eco-environmental quality are mainly distributed in mountainous and hilly areas with high vegetation coverage;The low value areas of eco-environmental quality are mainly distributed in industrial and mining land and gully areas. With the development of society and economy and the development of mining industry in Jiufengshan area, the area of construction land is also increasing.

Research on Strengthen Investment in Rural Infrastructure Construction

Based on clarifying the definition of rural infrastructure, this paper specifically introduces backwardness of rural infrastructure in Enshi City, Hubei Province. Then it summarizes successful experiences of Korean ＂New Village Movement＂. From a new angle, the paper talks about measures to strengthen investment in rural infrastructure construction. It expects an early realization of ＂the development of production, peasants living a rich and comfortable life, civilized custom, clean and tidy villages, and democratic management＂ of the new socialist rural areas.

Analysis of Pedestrian Facilities in CBD Area of Pabna Municipality, Bangladesh

Pabna is one the most densely populated town with poor transport infrastructure in Bangladesh. Here huge pedestriangathers in roads and intersections in CBD （Central Business District） area mainly for commercial and business purposes. At present,pedestrian facilities are one of the greatest challenges in terms of traffic and safety for the urban dwellers. The footpath, zebra rossing,road intersection, walkways, parking and other facilities are the major part of road transportation system as well as pedestrianfacilities and people have to pass walking distance to reach their destinations, before and after use of transport mode. For instance,this paper tries to emphasize the problems of pedestrian facilities and to explore the qualitative level of comfort for the pedestrians ofthree selected intersections namely Traffic More, Indra More and Nimtola More in CBD area of Pabna Municipality through primaryand secondary data. However, about 60% trips are making on foot every day, but the pedestrians are facing many problems whileusing the walkways. Pedestrian crossing behaviors were also observed by using pedestrian volume survey and the survey exploresthat pedestrian crossing rate at these intersections is about 5,000 to 7,000 per hour at a peak period and average 15% to 25% illegalcrossing occurs at those intersections. The physical observation and data from the questionnaire survey also indicate that informalbusiness on the footpath, illegal parking, illegal vendor on walkways, physical obstacle, poor lighting facilities and geometricproblem of the road intersection makes uncomfortable situations for the pedestrian day by day.

Considerations on Optimal Financial Invest-ment into Infrastructural Facilities

The enlargementof government’sinvestmentinto infrastructural construction is both a help medicinecuring economiccontraction and an effective measureto accumulatelong-termeconomicgrowth..How-ever,the investmentby finance into infrastructure also has a problemof optimization and reasonable selec-tion.In view of marketeconomicrequirements,the policy direction of financial investmentinto infrastruc-tural industries must be doing somethingat the expense of some other things.In the process of the adjust-mentand optimizationof economicstructure,state financial investmentinto infrastructural facilities has to first of all solve the problemof delimitating the best fields and selecting trades.As to the infrastructure facilities producingand selling pure public products,the developmentmust be madeby financial investment;As to the productionfields of subpublicproducts,finance should ensure reasonable investment;As to the in-frastructural facilities of pure privite production,finance should completely,in principle,pull out and let marketsupply.Onthis basis,selections should be madeon best capital soureces and investmentways.The capital sources should be mainly from tax and regulational incomeand direct investmentmay be made.As to the productionfields of most subpublicproduction,the best capital sources are national debt incomeand in-direct investmentmaybe made.In addition,the optimization of financial investmentinto infrastructural fa-cilities must reform the managerialsystem of infrastructural facilities and raise investmentefficiency.On-ly by scientifically selecting and arranging the financing ways and managerialsystem in investmentfields,can the maximumeconomicefficiency and social welfare results be realized in carrying out financial invest-mentinto infrastructural facilities. [

Rejuvenating Northeastern Area and Reforming the System of Investing and Financing

The system of investing and financing in northeastern area has the character of planned economy. Project conducting is our main strategy in any large-scale area rejuvenating plan, which has been proved lack of sustainable development. This paper proposes some suggestion to reform the system of investing and financing.

基于InVEST模型的祁连山地区土壤保持功能时空演变及驱动因素分析

[目的]探讨祁连山地区土壤保持服务时空变化特征及空间异质性影响因素,为该区生态保护与可持续发展提供科学参考。[方法]基于2005—2020年4期土地利用数据,结合地形、土壤和气象数据,运用InVEST模型及地理探测器方法,模拟土壤保持服务、探究土壤保持量时空变化特征及其价值,对其空间异质性进行归因分析。[结果]①祁连山地区2005—2020年土壤保持量变化区间为5.02×10^(9)~7.89×10^(9)t,呈下降趋势;土壤保持量在空间分布上表现为东南高西北低,高值区均集中在研究区青海湖东侧和祁连山脉区域。②不同土地利用类型中,草地土壤保持总量最大,林地土壤保持强度最大;土壤保持强度随海拔增加呈先增后减的单峰曲线,随坡度增加呈线性增大。③研究区年均土壤保持服务价值为3.912×10^(13)元,以保持土壤肥力的价值E 1为主。④地理探测结果显示:坡度和土壤类型对土壤保持空间异质性的解释力最高,整体上以植被覆盖度和土壤类型交互作用解释力最高。[结论]坡度和土壤类型共同作用于植被覆盖度。植被覆盖度为影响土壤保持服务空间异质性的主导因子,应将部分耕地转为草地或林地,加大生态保护力度,提高植被覆盖度,减少水土流失,增加土壤保持能力,从而改善生态环境。

Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation

The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health.The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure,as well as the availability of various services.This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method.The results indicated that 20 regions(Group 1)had the highest percentage of rural population(33.10%).The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value(12.40%)in 31 regions(Group 2).Moreover,20 regions(Group 3)had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget(11.80 USD/person).Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas.Then,we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters.Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El;Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region,Saratov Region,Nizhny Novgorod Region,Perm Territory,Orenburg Region,Chuvash Region,and Republic of Mordovia;and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan,Samara Region,Udmurtian Republic,Penza Region,and Republic of Bashkortostan.Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas.The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure,public services,and agricultural production.We found the highest employment level in rural areas,the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget,the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons,and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3.This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas,which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

基于InVEST模型的黄河流域砒砂岩区土壤保持功能演化及驱动机制

研究区域土壤保持功能变化及环境驱动因子作用机制对区域生态环境建设具有重要的理论意义,可为水土保持决策提供参考。借助InVEST模型对近20 a间黄河流域砒砂岩区生态系统的土壤保持功能变化进行分析,利用地理探测器中的因子探测器和交互探测器分析该区土壤保持功能的主导因子和两两交互作用对土壤保持的影响。结果表明:1)砒砂岩区土壤侵蚀在2000-2020年呈现改善趋势,且主要以微度侵蚀为主,研究期间平均侵蚀模数为922.44 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1);2)土壤保持功能空间分布上与侵蚀状况基本一致,呈“西北低,东南高”的分布趋势,研究区土壤保持变化情况主要以未变化为主,土壤保持功能下降区和增强区分别占总面积的2.47%、3.62%;3)植被覆盖度对砒砂岩区土壤保持功能起着绝对主导作用,且“强强”双因子交互作用更有助于提高土壤保持功能,植被覆盖度∩降水的解释力最强,为45.61%。

基于PLUS-InVEST模型的土地利用及生境质量预测研究--以三峡库区(重庆段)为例

本文以三峡库区(重庆段)为例,基于2000年、2010年及2020年3期的土地利用数据,运用PLUS模型从自然发展、城镇发展、耕地保护和生态保护4种情景展开模拟预测,再利用InVEST模型对三峡库区(重庆段)的生境质量进行评估。结果表明:(1)2000—2020年间,三峡库区(重庆段)主要土地利用类型为耕地、林地,各地类间转换激烈,建设用地显著扩张;(2)2030年4种预测情景下土地利用差异显著,水域不断增加,未利用地持续减少,耕地仅在耕地保护情景下增加,林地仅在耕地保护情景下减少,草地仅在生态保护情景下增加;(3)模拟出的2030年4种情景中,除生态保护情景下生境质量有所改善外,其余3种情景生境质量都在一定程度上有所恶化。

基于InVEST模型的北京山区森林水源涵养功能评估

基于北京市第六次森林资源二类调查数据,区划北京山区森林景观类型,并应用InVEST模型评估北京山区森林生态系统的水源涵养功能。结果表明:总面积为479209hm2的北京山区森林可划分为18种类型,其水源涵养总量为16.2万亿m3,平均水源涵养深度为75mm;各森林类型的水源涵养深度差异很大,落叶松人工林最大,为148mm,其他阔叶人工林最小,为47.6mm;在各类森林水源涵养总量方面,天然柞树林最高,为8.25万亿m3,其他阔叶人工林最小,为60.7亿m3。

基于InVEST模型的贵州山区不同地貌区生境退化程度评估

基于2012年土地利用数据,利用InVEST生境质量模型对贵州省麻江县低山丘陵、岩溶槽谷和中山峡谷3种地貌类型区的生境退化程度进行评价。结果表明:3种地貌类型区的主导土地利用类型均为耕地和林地,而草地、城镇工矿用地、农村居民点和水域相对较小。平均生境退化程度为低山丘陵>岩溶槽谷>中山峡谷。低山丘陵生境退化程度高值和低值分别分布于中东部河谷和西部山区。岩溶槽谷生境退化程度高值和低值分别分布于中部、南部槽谷底部和槽谷两侧。中山峡谷生境退化程度高值和低值分别分布于中北部峡谷底部和峡谷两侧高山。随坡度增加,3种地貌区的平均生境退化程度降低。不同地貌类型区的平均生境退化程度在各坡度带变化趋势亦有所不同。

基于生态系统服务簇分析的福州都市圈生态保护空缺识别研究

在快速城市化背景下,都市圈面临经济发展和生态保护之间不协调的问题。以福州都市圈为例,运用In VEST模型评估2020年生境质量、碳固存、土壤保持、水源涵养4项关键生态系统服务,分析其空间分布特征,基于此利用SOM聚类分析福州都市圈的生态系统服务簇,识别空间特征和主导生态系统服务簇,进而识别福州都市圈生态保护空缺。结果表明:(1)2020年福州都市圈生态系统服务呈现“西北高,东南低”的空间格局,中部生态系统服务价值低;(2)福州都市圈6类生态系统服务簇空间分布具有异质性;(3)福州都市圈核心生态系统服务簇为B5簇,主要用地类型为林地和草地,碳固存、生境质量和土壤保持服务高,水源涵养服务较低,综合生态价值高,其次为B4和B6簇,B2簇生态系统服务较低;(4)福州都市圈保护空缺区域主要分布于鹫峰山脉和戴云山脉,整体保护空缺率为1.85%。研究结果可为福州都市圈区域生态保护与格局优化提供思路。

基于居民需求导向的公共服务设施研究

城市是人类居住生活的重要场所,传统“居住区”“居住小区”以人口规模(“千人指标”)来计划分配公共服务设施,强调居住这一单一功能,对不同社区中不同年龄人口的不同需求响应不够;“社区生活圈”是以人的活动和需求为核心,在生活圈这一空间范围内,生产、生活、休闲等基本需求都可以得到满足。二者的提出是规划设计思路从计划导向向需求导向的转变。本研究对传统居住区公共服务设施的配建依据、发展局限及公共服务设施的规划转型进行了系统解读分析,结合公共服务设施供需不匹配的现象,在“千人指标”理想模式与现实生活相矛盾的基础上,探索出社区生活圈圈层化、定制化、存量校验的新思路,为进一步的社区生活圈研究提供参考。

基于MCR-InVEST模型的城郊耕地多功能评价及功能分区

城郊地区作为城乡融合区域,展现出既不同于城市建成区又异于传统乡村的特征,显化城郊地区耕地资源多功能的空间分异特征对于提高城郊地区耕地资源价值,推动耕地的保护与发展具有重要意义。该研究以南昌市城郊作为研究区,全国第三次国土调查耕地图斑及乡镇为基本研究单元,进行实地土壤采样与调研,基于多源数据使用综合指数法、MCR模型、InVEST模型量化耕地的多功能,分析耕地多功能空间差异并根据区域差异进行耕地多功能分区。结果表明:1)南昌市城郊耕地生产功能等级较高,中高等级耕地面积为16358.31 hm2,占比78%,主要位于东湖区、青山湖区、湾里管理局;文化景观功能等级高,耕地处于中高等的面积为15295.73 hm2,占比73%,高等级区域位于东湖区以及高新区麻丘镇;大部分耕地的生态功能处于中等,为11010.19 hm2,占比52%,高等级区域主要位于湾里管理局。2)根据耕地多功能分区理论框架和乡镇耕地多功能结果识别出6个功能一级分区,11个二级分区。南昌市城郊不同区域耕地的多功能具有不同的差异与特征,要根据区域耕地功能特色采取差异化的耕地利用、发展与保护策略。研究结果可为科学规划城郊耕地功能、优化空间布局促进耕地多功能综合发展提供依据。

基于InVEST模型的金沙江流域干热河谷区水源涵养功能评估

以金沙江流域干热河谷区1990年、2000年、2010年和2019年4期Landsat遥感影像为基础数据,通过目视解译和最大似然相结合的方法进行土地利用类型分类,定量分析金沙江流域干热河谷区土地利用类型的时间变化与空间转移过程;采用InVEST模型,结合气象、土壤和地形等数据评估了1990-2019年金沙江流域干热河谷区及不同土地利用类型的产水功能和水源涵养功能。结果表明:1)1990-2019年金沙江流域干热河谷区土地利用类型以草地、乔木林地和耕地为主;近30年来,灌木林地、建设用地、交通运输用地和水域的面积不断增加,建设用地面积增幅最大;草地、乔木林地、耕地和裸地面积均减少。2)1990-2019年,建设用地、灌木林地、交通运输用地和水域面积的增加来源于草地、耕地和乔木林地。3)金沙江流域干热河谷区多年平均产水量为26.09×10^(8)m^(3),水源涵养量为7.26×10^(8)m^(3),产水量的变化与分布直接影响着区域的水源含养量;平均水源涵养能力68.74 mm,呈现上升-下降-上升的波动变化趋势。4)1990-2019年不同土地利用类型的水源涵养量变化明显,不同地类平均水源涵养量的大小依次为耕地>草地>建设用地>乔木林地>交通运输用地>灌木林地>裸地>水域。