Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers 2004 (Excerpt)

During the course of 2004, the Chinese trade unions earnestly implemented their strategy of ＂Organizing for Better Protection,＂ steppedup efforts to regulate industrial relations, effectively defended the legitimate rights and interests of workers.

Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers (2005)(Excerpt)

EDITOR＇S NOTE： All China Federation of Trade Unions （ACFTU） has recently published Blue Paper on the Role of Chinese Trade Unions in Safeguarding the Legitimate Rights and Interests of Workers （2005）, which consist of 11 parts： preserve the correct orientation of Chinese trade unions as a protector of workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; protect workers＇ right to join and form trade union; organize and represent workers to exercise the right to equal consultation; protect workers＇ labor and economic rights; guarantee workers＇ democratic and political rights; fulfill workers＇ spiritual and cultural needs; actively participate in adjusting labor relations and handling labor disputes; protect migrant workers＇ legitimate rights and interests; promote gender equality and protect women workers＇ special rights and interests; take innovations in the way trade unions protect workers; and mobilize and organize workers to play the role of the working class as the main force in economic construction, and the following is an abstracted edition of it.

Analysis of Hidden Danger in Farmer's Rights and Interests during Farmland Transfer——An Evaluation of Rights Safeguarding Effect of Farmland Transfer Contract

Taking Shuangliu County,Chengdu City,China as an example,evaluation index system for the rights protection effects of farmland transfer is established contract from three aspects of basic information,transfer agreement and legal safeguards in the contracts.According to the investigation data,weight of evaluation index is determined by both entropy weight and Analytic Hierarchy Process.Comprehensive index method is used to evaluate the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract in the flat dam,high hill and low hill in Shuangliu County,Chengdu,China.Result shows that the transfer agreement of farmland and the basic information of contract greatly affect the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.There are differences in the five indices of the information of the signature of contract,pricing for payment,time limit for farmland transfer,transfer mode of farmland,and use range of farmland transfer.During the farmland transfer in reality,there are three hidden dangers in farmer's land rights and interests,which are the ill-formed transfer behavior,the relatively low income of farmers from farmland transfer,and the quality decline of farmland and difficult full reclamation in transfer period.Based on the evaluation result and investigation data,countermeasures are put forward to improve the rights protection effects of farmland transfer contract.

Safeguarding Farmer Workers' Rights and Interests——An interview with Ye Jingyi, professor of Beijing University Law School

Farmer workers are a new powerful workforce that has sprung up amid China＇s reform and door opening and in the process of the country＇s industrialization and urbanization. They have made great contributions to urban prosperity, rural development and their country＇s modernization. At present, however, farmer workers face numerous difficulties and problems in income, work safety, social security, vocational training, the schooling of their children and living conditions. To safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmer workers, the State Council in March 2006 issued Ideas of the State Council on Solving Farmer Workers-related Problems. In the document, the State Council promises to strengthen and improve leadership over work regarding farmer workers and prioritize the solving of farmer workers-related problems.

Land Expropriation and Constitutional Protection of Farmers' Rights

One of the reasons for many social tragedies resulted from land expropriation in China is failure of the constitution to bring into play its due functions in standardizing land expropriation power of the government and protecting farmers' rights.In the existing land expropriation system,government is not only a policy maker of land expropriation,but also a "referee" of dispute over land expropriation.Government' land expropriation power and land-expropriated farmers' rights become out of balance.As a result,some local governments do not attach importance to farmers' rights,making land-expropriated farmers dissatisfied and consequently leading to some social tragedies unfavorable for harmony and stability.To fundamentally settle disputes over land expropriation and realize win-win of farmers' right and state interest,it should bring into full play functions of the constitution through protecting farmers' right to participate in land expropriation and establishing constitution evaluation mechanism.

Chinese rural reform:experience,problems and the future

Chinese rural reform has made great achievements and accumulated a wealth of experience since the beginning of reform and opening up 30 years ago.At the core is the rapid and sustained development of the national economy.Currently,there are obstacles in rural reform;for example,the supply and demand of primary products are frequently out of balance,shortages of rural labor occur thanks to structural problems on the supply side,and the equality system between rural and urban citizens has yet to be established.Therefore,to make important breakthroughs,we must change our ideas of controlling the food market;we must improve rural land policy, loosen rural financial supervision,adjust the fiscal expense structure,protect farmers’ legal rights and interests,accelerate the building-up of democracy at the grassroots level,and intensify overall planning and coordination.

土地流转过程中农民权益保护研究

以土地承包经营权流转过程中农民权益保护为视角,从土地流转过程中农民主体地位、农民意愿的表达、流转收益分配、农民经济利益和生活环境情况等方面展开分析。从权利理论视角对土地流转过程中农民权益保护情况进行探讨,基于理论和实证的研究,从健全农村土地管理法规体系、完善农村土地产权制度、以市场机制为导向创新土地流转机制、大力发展农村土地流转服务、协调流转和耕地保护的关系、构建农村社会保障体系等方面提出完善建议,对深化农村土地制度改革、促进统筹城乡发展具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。

代位清偿制度释论

代位清偿制度的正当性在于,在债权人、债务人的实际利益不受负面影响的情况下,第三人对于债务履行的合法利益优于债务关系不被他人介入的利益。作为核心要件,合法利益原则上指法律利益,例外地也涵盖第三人与债务人或债务关系有密切关联、从而有事实利益的情形。法律利益可分为保存权利、实现债权、避免纯粹经济损失、维护民事活动四大类型,相应的第三人有物上保证人、普通债权人、承租人、连环交易的后手、共有人、股东等具体类别。在法律后果方面,对担保权移转、债务人是否担责两个重要问题应采如是立场:物上保证人、担保财产受让人代位清偿后能否随同债权取得担保权须区分情形判断;倘第三人提出履行而未履行或者履行不适当,债务人原则上仍应担责。

违法建筑上合法权益的行政赔偿研究

违法建筑不为我国法律所认可,但其在强制拆除过程中存在部分符合我国法律规定的合法权益。违法强拆侵害行政相对人合法权益应予行政赔偿,赔偿范围包括可回收利用建筑材料、建筑材料的损失扩大、室内物品及行政相对人信赖利益损失。违法强拆侵害合法权益应予行政赔偿具有法理支撑,具体可从行政赔偿功能、以人为本的执法理念、行政赔偿归责原则及职务侵权行为的应责性四个方面证成。违法建筑认定绝对化、贵重物品举证难、赔偿惩戒性不足及赔偿执行难度大成为违法强拆行政赔偿的实践难题。为充分保障行政相对人合法权益,可从综合考虑认定违法建筑、做好拆除证据收集、增强赔偿惩戒性及对赔偿义务机关依法强制执行等方面探索完善行政赔偿的路径。

利益平衡视角下的股东查阅权落实路径

股东查阅权源于股东财产权保护,以及股东与公司管理层的受托关系。查阅权有利于股东更好行使股东权利和监督公司经营管理。查阅权既有自益权属性,更有共益权属性。查阅权行使需要平衡股东知情权与公司经营权的关系。《公司法》强化股东权利保护,允许有限责任公司股东查阅会计凭证,并相应增加股份有限公司股东查阅会计账簿、会计凭证的规定。《公司法》增加股东查阅全资子公司相关材料的规定,增加股东查阅、复制相关材料应遵守相关法律的规定。为更好落实股东查阅权,同时平衡股东权利保护和公司利益保护的关系,应当根据查阅客体的敏感程度设置不同的举证责任和查阅方式。将正当目的作为平衡股东与公司利益的程序性限制,查阅的范围限于实现查阅目的的必要范围。将有限责任公司股东查阅权作为股东行使监督权尤其是制约控股股东滥用股东权利的重要手段。

网络著作权强保护下的用户合法权益保护

网络著作权保护呈现强保护特征,主要表现为网络著作权执法力度的加强,不仅通过技术保护措施和信息披露制度为著作权人层层“加码”,还通过通知—屏蔽制度、内容审核补救措施多元化、算法执行推动网络服务提供者著作权保护责任不断加重。网络著作权的过度保护也存在着一些风险隐患,网络用户的合法权益面临侵害之虞,合理使用权利、言论自由权利、隐私权和个人数据保护权都受到不同程度的侵害和忽视。侵权情形的出现多数情况下与网络服务提供者有关,因此有必要对网络服务提供者的行为进行规制。应在公平平衡原则基础上,完善相关法律,推进技术进步,以维护著作权人、网络服务提供者和网络用户、社会公众之间的利益平衡。

“三权分置”下土地流转瓶颈及对策——基于四川富顺县的案例研究

农村土地流转是新世纪以来中国农村经济发展到一定阶段的产物,“三权分置”作为新发展阶段中国土地制度的重大创新,通过鼓励土地流转可以实现规模农业、提高农民收入及实现乡村振兴等多重目标。本研究以四川富顺县为例,在“三权分置”背景下对农村土地流转的现实瓶颈进行深入分析发现,当前仍存在土地流转实施中农民合法权益易受损、土地流转过程中耕地地力易遭到破坏、土地流转政策执行中的政府和市场失灵、传统观念固化下土地流转集中连片难等问题。基于此,应建立和完善相关的法律法规、搭建土地流转信息交流平台、突出政府职能加强监督力度、培育现代农民提升综合素质等,以更好地推动中国农村土地流转和保护农民土地权益。

民营经济促进法立法理念及其制度实现

民营经济的高质量发展需要立法促进。通过统合性、高位阶的立法将现有促进民营经济发展的政策和地方性立法予以统筹,为民营经济发展提供坚实法治保障的系统性解决方案。民营经济促进法的制定,应当贯彻党的二十大和二十届三中全会精神,立足民营经济高质量发展的迫切需求,重点面向合法权益保护、公平发展、扶持激励、规范经营等立法理念。在理解适用中,应正视多元主体利益诉求所衍生的调整对象平衡、立法价值确立、立法路径选择等立法难点,并依据立法理念进行协调。在制度转化中,民营经济促进法应围绕立法理念提炼、构建基本原则和核心规则,进而形成系统的规范体系,推动实现民营经济高质量发展。

乡村振兴视域下农民文化权益问题研究

农民文化权益是公民权利的重要组成,是现代化国家软治理形态的基本内容之一,按照“认识—发现—完善”的研究路径对新时代农民文化权益问题开展研究。乡村振兴背景下,我国农民文化权益不断完善,但仍存在城乡教育不平衡、公共文化服务不到位、农村公共精神文化被侵蚀及新型职业农民培训体系不健全问题,可通过统筹城乡教育资源保障城乡受教育权平等,加强农村公共文化服务基础设施建设以提高公共文化服务水平,弘扬社会主义核心价值观以重塑农民公共精神文化,健全新时代农民职业素质教育及职业技能培训,不断保障农民文化权益。

非政府组织与农民工权益的维护——以番禺打工族文书处理服务部为个案

农民工权益的维护是一个复杂的公共政策问题,需要政府、企业、工会、非政府组织等的共同努力。文章通过对农民工非政府组织——番禺打工族文书处理服务部的考察,发现非政府组织主要通过为农民工提供法律援助、促进农民工的文化发展与休闲娱乐活动、推动企业社会责任等方式来维护农民工的权益,在一定程度上弥补了政府职能的不足。非政府组织不仅可以协助政府解决类似农民工等公共问题,而且也为我国的公共治理提供了一个新思路。

试论农民工权益法律保障所面临的问题和对策

农民工合法权益受损的原因不在于制度供给不足,而在于法律、政策没有得到有效实施。应当建立一种长效机制把保障农民工权益的法律、政策和措施切实得以落实,使对农民工合法权益的保障力度不因各级政府,特别是中央政府注意力的改变而改变。

农民发展权问题探析

在人权的基础上,从政治、经济、哲学和文化的角度探讨了农民发展权的合理性与现实中存在的问题,从而论证了必须从立法救济、行政救济、司法救济和社会救济方面全面建构农民发展权的制度实践。

基于农民权益保护的倾斜性权利配置研究——以利益和利益机制为视角

在当前社会权利配置过程中,农民群体由于自身的弱势性以及其他外部社会原因导致其正当利益得不到有效的保护。然而,社会公平正义以及农民的正当利益为对农民进行倾斜性权力配置提供了内在的法律基础,使其有存在和发展的必要性。现阶段农民增收坚持的"多予、少取、放活"的方针已经远远不能够满足农民利益诉求。要实现真正意义上的农民利益保护必须坚持"促生原则",即通过组织促生、经济促生和主体促生来提高农民在利益博弈中的力量,实现农民的主体作用,使农民以自己的力量来保护自身的正当利益,从而真正实现农民权益的保护。

基于农民权益保护的社区发展权理论研究

农民权益伴随着社会变迁而发展。在主体多元化、社会关系与社会利益交叠冲突的现代社会,农民权益不能仅通过个人选择还必须通过不同组织进行集体选择的方法来实现。农民权益保护要以动态发展的视野,在以农民为中心的主体发展权与以土地为主的客体发展权的立体构建维度中,以农村社区发展权为实践的时空载体,提出基于主客体和谐发展的社区发展权理论,从而寻求农民权益更新、更高层次的保护。

基于我国农村土地制度创新视角的社会保障问题探析

本文从我国农村土地制度创新的视角,阐述了农村土地制度与社会保障体系之间的基本逻辑关系,揭示了以土地、劳动力、社保和环境为基础的经济增长"红利"理论,并对农村土地制度对社会保障及社会稳定的利弊关系进行了分析。笔者认为,农村土地制度深化改革的前提条件是农民社会保障问题的解决,社保体制的改革与重构不仅是我国农村土地制度深化改革的需要,而且也是工业化和城市化健康发展,现代农业发展以及广大农民从自然人、经济人向社会人转变的需要。