Study on the Factors of Kunming Temple Garden in the Period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

Being based on preliminary study of Kunming famous temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties,field investigation was carried out about the framework of landscape,layout of waters,characteristic of structure and plant furnishing in Tanhua temple,Black Dragon Pool,Masijid of Shuncheng,Haiyuan temple and Golden Shrine which are famous temple garden in Kunming. A simple interpretation was drawn of artistic characteristics on temple garden in Kunming during the Ming and Qing dynasties via analytical investigation on many factors which influenced the development of garden of Dynasties of Ming and Qing. Then we have reviewed the elemental traits of temple garden built at that time,put forward some constructive suggestions on how to protect and develop those temple garden now still exist in Kunming.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

CHINESE LADY'S DAILY WEAR IN LATE QING DYNASTY AND EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.

An Elementary Study of the Unearthed Mathematics Book, Suanshu Shu

The transcription of the Suanshu Shu算數書(a bamboo book of mathematics)in simplified Chinese characters offers a new opportunity to explore the history of Chinese mathematics in ancient times.This paper analyzes the style and structure of the Suanshu Shu and makes comparisons with the Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures and a number of other texts in various social contexts.It will be shown that the Suanshu Shu was compiled from at least two sources,and that no direct textual interplay exists between the Suanshu Shu and the Nine Chapters,although both share the same origins in the Pre-Qin period when the major mathematical methods in the Nine Chapters came into being.It will also be shown that the Suanshu Shu was accomplished with the methods used in certain mathematical books in the Pre-Qin period or their results,which later led to the Nine Chapters,and by accommodating the actual conditions of the lower government administration.The Suanshu Shu is significant for establishing the evolution of algorithmic mathematics from the Warring States period to the Han dynasty.

古代农业帝国兴衰周期律ABM仿真研究——国家兴衰动力学的模型探索

在农业帝国时期,周期律曾经长期地存在,呈现稳健的历史规律。关于导致这种规律的动力学机制,学术界一直好奇、但长期缺乏有效的方法。尽管存在很多理论分析,但难以被数学、模型支撑。基于历史数据的定量分析具有静态性,无法呈现动态演化全过程,本文使用智能体仿真模拟(ABM)方法,以弥补上述方法的不足。秉承历史唯物主义,从科学模型与实证验证角度,揭示此宏观系统规律背后的微观与宏观动力学机制,并通过模拟联通两个层面。基于虎(帝国敌人)、狼(统治阶级)、羊(农民阶级)、草(农业土地)四类智能体,构建国家(社会)有机体的静态系统结构。通过机制设计,赋予智能体自主的行动、互动的能力,实时记录宏观系统层面的状态结果。结果表明,ABM模拟的最优解,能够高度拟合、全程反演从秦汉到明清2132年的国家兴衰大历史轨迹。基于ABM的国家兴衰动力学模型,在当代仍然有镜鉴价值,在国家治理现代化、大国竞争对手预测、特定地区态势预测方面,具有重要应用价值。

Preliminary Analysis of Tectonic Deformation Phenomena in Some Archaeological Sites in Shandong Province

Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong,focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic deformation phenomena were distinguished at the site of the Shang Dynasty ruins at Daxinzhuang in the Jinan suburbs. In Longshan,sand vein-filled cracks were recognized in the cultural layers of the Chengziya site,Zhangqiu City. Sand veins on the trench wall and sand tubes at the trench bottom were found densely distributed at the Shang and Zhou Dynasty cultural layers,at Qinhuangtai site,Binzhou City. The tectonic and non-tectonic origin cracks were identified on the city wall of the Site of Capital of State Qi,Linzi City. In Rizhao city,parallel distributed sand vein fracture groups were found in the cultural layer of Longshan-Warring States-Han Dynasty at Yaowangcheng site. Typical conjugate shear fractures were identified on the city wall of the ancient city of the State of Xue, Tengzhou City. The above natural deformation phenomena are concentrated in the culture layers of the Spring and AutumnWarring States-Han Dynasties and before, and characterized by seismic sand-soil liquefaction traces,which indicate that these regions might have been in the seismic active episodes in the corresponding periods. The above inference has been confirmed by microscopic data analysis.

“Macrohistory” and “Microhistory” in the writing of library history: From the perspective of library archives in the periods of late Qing Dynasty and Republican of China

Research paradigms determine the ways the history is written and the consequent research products.By analyzing the present historiography paradigms in library history,their characteristics and limitations,this study proposes new paradigms based on library archives in the periods of Late Qing Dynasty and Republican China.

区域洪涝灾害损失评估及预测的CART模型研究——以湖南省为例

选择湖南省14个地级市(州)1995—2009年4—9月降水量、降水量的距平百分率、最高水位值以及对应年份的年末耕地面积、农作物受灾面积、受灾人口、人口密度、产值密度8类指标作为自变量,损失率为因变量,构建指标体系,利用分类与回归树模型逐级提取出了造成洪涝灾害损失的主要因子,依次为农作物受灾面积、受灾人口、7月降水量、6月降水距平百分率、9月降水量以及人口密度。同时确定了影响阈值,当农作物受灾面积不超过56.8×103hm2,且受灾人口少于158.2万人时,预测损失级别为1,属于微灾;而农作物受灾面积超过81.1×103hm2,7月降水量少于343 mm,6月降水距平百分率大于94.5%时,预测损失级别为5,属极重灾。CART模型应用简单、结果客观,为洪涝灾害损失评估及预测开辟了一条新途径。

Stochastic SIR Household Epidemic Model with Misclassification

In this work, we developed a theoretical framework leading to misclassification of the final size epidemic data for the stochastic SIR (Susceptible-Infective-Removed), household epidemic model, with false negative and false positive misclassification probabilities. Maximum likelihood based algorithm is then employed for its inference. We then analyzed and compared the estimates of the two dimensional model with those of the three and four dimensional models associated with misclassified final size data over arrange of theoretical parameters, local and global infection rates and corresponding proportion infected in the permissible region, away from its boundaries and misclassification probabilities. The adequacies of the three models to the final size data are examined. The four and three-dimensional models are found to outperform the two dimensional model on misclassified final size data.

Railway's Effects on Economic Development:A Quantitative Study on Modern Henan(1890s-1930s)

Different arguments on the relationship between railway construction and economic development exist in literature. As the railway construction of Henan in the period of late Qing Dynasty （1644-1911） and early Republic of China （1912-1949）provides a nearly natural experiment to throw new light on this topic, this paper creates county-level panel data for this period and conducts a further test with a difference-in-difference strategy. While the effect of railway is demonstrated to be positive in some literature yet negative in others, this paper identifies some major intergroup differences： railway lines put into service after the 1910s and connecting central cities promoted population growth in regions along the railway lines, enhanced their capaci（v to cope with external market shocks, yet they did not improve integration with the intra-provincial market. By contrast, the railway lines put into operation in the 1930s and connecting hinterland areas not only improved regional market integration but contributed to higher living standards as well. The implication is that the effects of railway are subject to the economic relations of various localities along the railway lines and the economic attributes of various sectors, thus railways cannot be generally defined to be positive or negative. This conclusion helps explain the disagreements in empirical studies and highlight the impact of railways on the regional economic structure.

晚清民国常武地区针灸医家挖掘和整理

晚清至民国时期,在常武地区,以费、马、巢、丁为代表的孟河医派,在中医的发展史上留下过浓墨重彩的一笔,这四大医家均是以内外科而闻名于世。在同时期,常武地区同样走出了很多著名的针灸医家。文章通过整理和发掘,回溯常武地区走出的针灸医家的故事,研究其对针灸发展的主要贡献,丰富常武地区针灸学术史。

气候变暖背景下终霜和低温冷害对阿克苏地区棉花播种出苗影响

基于阿克苏主植棉区1991—2023年逐日气温数据、历史灾情资料和棉花发育期资料,应用线性趋势分析和M-K检验等方法,分析研究区终霜和低温冷害变化特征,以及对棉花播种出苗的影响。结果表明:终霜冻害风险阿克苏棉区最小,靠沙漠南部阿拉尔和东部库车棉区大;4月终霜冻害发生概率,中部阿克苏棉区最低,南部靠沙漠棉区最高,东部棉区终霜危害概率高于南部阿瓦提棉区;终霜期在21世纪发生突变,且提前明显,但终霜偏晚的年份时有发生,对棉花安全出苗构成威胁;低温冷害呈缓慢减少趋势,但21世纪20年代初期频次增多;棉花苗期极端气候灾害事件造成终霜偏晚且常伴随着寒潮降温和持续低温,复合灾害导致棉花影响大、范围广、成灾重。

河南禹州阎寨遗址新莽时期墓葬发掘简报

2018年,河南大学历史文化学院在禹州市阎寨遗址发掘汉代墓葬6座。其中,M5和M7两座新莽时期墓葬形制较为特殊,所见随葬品组合及葬俗特征鲜明,双墓室四人合葬、海蓝宝石珠等在河南地区尚不多见,为了解新莽时期豫中地区的葬俗与社会增加了新的实物资料。

晚清民国报刊《滕王阁序》拟作考论

晚清民国时期,中国效仿西法兴办报刊,不但刊发时评政论、世界大事、商业广告,也刊载文人创作的旧体文学。骈文也有不少篇目见刊,但大都不是原创,而是对经典篇目的模拟和戏仿。其中仿王勃《滕王阁序》的拟作最具代表性,虽然这些拟作在艺术上未有突破和创新,但其书写新的时代,关注新的题旨,批判不良现象,对传统旧体文学的表达空间有所拓展,具有较高的社会认识价值和文献史料意义。

论清末民初博览会事业中的民族主义

清末民初博览会事业蕴涵了丰富的民族主义。它产生的外部因素是西方“先进”所形成的“榜样”力量,以及西方帝国的霸权行径和经济侵略,内部因素是中国自身的落后,以及中国人所具有的“经世忧国”传统精神。它产生的路径基本是:先进的西方列强,对落后中国进行经济侵略,导致中国利权外溢,产生严重民族危机,具有“经世忧国”精神的中国人奋发图强,既积极学习西方,仿行西法,又反省自身落后,积极展开竞争,谋求改良、发展,其中,蕴涵了忧患、危机、反省意识及竞争、发展观念,最终目的是实现民族国家独立富强。这样的民族主义具有追赶性、内向性、开放性特征,且主要体现在经济层面,虽有过急追求发展的一面,但其价值目标及立足自身的方法取向是理性的。

郭嗣本与唐贞观时期北疆经营探究

郭嗣本墓志近年出土于陕西西安,由陕西省考古研究院发掘。郭嗣本墓志记载了郭嗣本家族的相关情况以及其相关仕宦。郭嗣本在传世史书中记载有限,墓志的出土为人们提供了大量的资料,对于研究郭嗣本的仕宦以及唐初史事都起到了补遗的作用,特别是郭嗣本曾参与了唐初与突厥的战争和交往等,对于研究唐初与突厥的关系也起到作用,志文还记载了郭嗣本曾担任鸿胪寺卿,对于了解和认识唐初的对外交往等方面也起到了积极作用。

洛阳民间神庙临时戏台考述——以清至民国时期碑刻文献为考察中心

作为戏曲的演出场所,戏台有固定戏台和临时戏台之分,两者长期并存。由于缺少实物证明和文献记载,目前学界对于临时戏台的研究没有引起足够的重视。以清至民国时期碑刻文献为考察中心,洛阳民间神庙搭建临时戏台之风持续存在,其因循民间神庙不同的地形地势需求而搭建以降低成本,其作为固定戏台的有益补充,临时戏台发挥着娱乐、社会教化以及文化传承的功能和作用。

中原地区战国至西汉墓葬出土陶釜研究

本文通过系统聚类分析方法,对中原地区战国至西汉墓葬出土的陶釜进行了类型学研究,认为战国中期陶釜以一种特殊葬俗的形式出现在郑州地区,战国晚期开始陶釜迅速发展,分布范围变广,数量和类型明显增多,包含有郑韩文化、晋文化和秦文化三大系统。进入汉代,陶釜数量急剧减少,类型单一。陶釜在中原地区的发展历程与秦文化有密切的关系。

明清之际文化转型中的经世实学——兼谈《虚实之辨:颜元的问题意识及其哲学展开》一书的新探索

17世纪中叶,亦即通常所说的明清之际,中国思想文化史上出现了顾炎武、黄宗羲、王夫之、方以智、李颙、傅山、颜元等一大批极富批判个性的思想家。他们对中国古代后期封建宗法社会君权政治及其思想意识形态进行了总体性的批判与重构,开启了封建文化内部的自我批判与时代转型。颜元实学思想是这一时期思想文化史上的一枝奇葩。