Early Practice of Chinese Europeanized Grammar-Take the Plural of the First-Person Pronoun in The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin as an Example

The Pilgrim’s Progress in Mandarin translated by the British missionary William Chalmers Burns in the 1860s is regarded as one of the typical representatives of the early Europeanized vernacular texts.Compared with the ancient vernacular,the frequency of the inclusive usage of“wǒmen”has increased significantly,which is directly influenced by the plural usage of first-person pronoun in English.Tracking back the origin of Chinese Europeanized grammar is an important part of the study of modern Chinese grammar,which not only is helpful to have a clear understanding of the characteristic of Europeanized grammar in the pre-development stage of modern Chinese,but also can lay a certain foundation for the comparative study of Europeanized grammar in different periods.In addition,this study can also provide linguistic basis for investigating the influence of western missionaries’Chinese translation on the formation of new literature.

First-Person Retrospective Narrative in The Lovely Bones

The Lovely Bones written by Alice Sebold is about a 14-year-old girl Susie who,as a ghost,tells her story as well as her family's after her death.Tiffs paper focuses on the characteristics of the first-person retrospective narrative in The Lovely Bones.Firstly,this paper introduces the story,the double focalizations of the first--person retrospective narrative and the purpose of the paper.It then discusses the three functions of the first-person retrospective narrative:enhancing authenticity,intensifying intimacy and contributing to the love theme of the story.Besides,the thesis points out the limitation of the first-person retrospective narrative:monotonous.Therefore,a shift of the narrative perspective is put forwards as the solution to the problem.

Double-bind of Humanistic Facticity in Nocturnes

Through the paralleling structure of these stories in Nocturnes,Ishiguro makes visible the similar fates both Lindy and Steve have encountered,which indicates their attempts to achieve the fortune and success through cosmetic surgery,in order to greet the all-or-nothing prospects and new future of life.Therefore,the similar condition readers have encountered emphasizes the significance of reader-response,which can promote their understanding of human facticity with regards to their own life experience and convictions.

On the Narrative Technique in Great Expectations

When Charles Dickens adopts the first-person narrative technique,he is providing us the beginning of the modern novel and vivid portraits of the people in his time.

Advances InInterdisciplinary Researches to Construct a Theory of Consciousness

The interdisciplinary researches for a scientific explanation of consciousness constitute one of the most exciting challenges of contemporary science. However, although considerable progress has been made in the neurophysiology of states of consciousness such as sleep/waking cycles, investigation of subjective and objective nature of consciousness contents raises still serious difficulties. Based on a wide range of analysis and experimental studies, approaches to modeling consciousness actually focus on both philosophical, non-neural and neural approaches. Philosophical and non-neural approaches include the naturalistic dualism model of Chalmers, the multiple draft cognitive model of Dennett, the phenomenological theory of Varela and Maturana, and the physics-based hypothesis of Hameroff and Penrose. The neurobiological approaches include the neurodynamical model of Freeman, the visual system-based theories of Lamme, Zeki, Milner and Goodale, the phenomenal/access hypothesis of Block, the emotive somatosensory theory of Damasio, the synchronized cortical model of Llinas and of Crick and Koch, and the global neurophysiological brain model of Changeux and Edelman. There have been also many efforts in recent years to study the artificial intelligence systems such as neurorobots and some supercomputer programs, based on laws of computational machines and on laws of processing capabilities of biological systems. This approach has proven to be a fertile physical enterprise to check some hypothesis about the functioning of brain architecture. Until now, however, no machine has been capable of reproducing an artificial consciousness.

Action-Aware Encoder-Decoder Network for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction

Accurate pedestrian trajectory predictions are critical in self-driving systems,as they are fundamental to the response-and decision-making of ego vehicles.In this study,we focus on the problem of predicting the future trajectory of pedestrians from a first-person perspective.Most existing trajectory prediction methods from the first-person view copy the bird’s-eye view,neglecting the differences between the two.To this end,we clarify the differences between the two views and highlight the importance of action-aware trajectory prediction in the first-person view.We propose a new action-aware network based on an encoder-decoder framework with an action prediction and a goal estimation branch at the end of the encoder.In the decoder part,bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)blocks are adopted to generate the ultimate prediction of pedestrians’future trajectories.Our method was evaluated on a public dataset and achieved a competitive performance,compared with other approaches.An ablation study demonstrates the effectiveness of the action prediction branch.

Revisionary Immunity:Why De Se Thought Is Immune To the Error of De Re Misidentification

In this essay,I present a new account for demonstrating that all de-se-thoughts are immune to the error of de-re-misidentification.Currently,there is a consensus among philosophers that at least some de-se-thoughts are prone to the de-re-misidentification[Pryor(1999),Coliva(2006),Morgan(2012),McGlynn(2016),Morgan&Lea Salje(2020)].In other words,they agree that there are de-re-misidentified de-se-thoughts.But I challenge the consensus by arguing that there is no de-re-misidentified de-se-thought:all the so-called de-re-misidentified thoughts are not de-se-thoughts,even if they are expressed by utterances of the first-person sentence.To justify this point,I propose a new account called the revisionary account.It is‘revisionary’in the sense that it disqualifies any thought which commits the error of de-re-misidentification from being a de-se-thought.I start by introducing a semantic conception of de-re-misidentification.Then,I argue that a necessary condition for being a de-se-thought is that a de-se-thought must be about only one individual first-personally.Next,I demonstrate that a de-re-misidentified de-se-thought is about at least two individuals first-personally.Therefore,the alleged de-re-misidentified de-se-thought doesn’t qualify as a de-se-thought.In this sense,all de-se-thoughts are immune to the error of de-re-misidentification.

Consciousness, Free Will, and the Sciences of the Mind

In his review of the trio of philosopher-scientist dialogues on the nature and capacities of the human mind, Paul Thagard （2018） advocates clearly and forcefully for a fairly extreme position, which he advances as preferable to an equally extreme alternative. I will suggest a middle path that becomes attractive when one attends not just to the range of data now pouring forth from the sciences of mind but also to our own experience as minded individuals.

When the Periphery Becomes the Center:New Trends in Contemporary Brazilian Fiction

Contemporary literature has always been a dynamic arena for reflecting on and discussing a country’s social changes.With the worsening of social problems and the resurgence of right-wing forces in Brazil in the last decade,literature has endured a series of crises,but it has also found new opportunities.The“marginal writers”who attracted attention at the beginning of the century have gradually moved to the center of Brazilian literature.Aside from denouncing the social problems that exist in the periphery,such as violence,discrimination and poverty,they now pay more attention to the inner feelings of the vulnerable.On the other hand,writers who are known for their psychological descriptions have also begun to explore social issues,often maintaining the subjective perspectives of their characters.This essay argues that the merging of the marginal with the center and of collectivity with subjectivity implies the advent of a new type of narrative in contemporary Brazilian literature.