Broadband Quasi-Yagi Antenna for WiFi and WiMax Applications

In this paper, we present a broadband quasi-Yagi antenna. Good impedance matching is obtained by using parasitic elements. The antenna has been designed and successfully measured. Experimental results show that the 10 dB return loss bandwidth of this antenna is 50% operating from 2.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz. We obtain very flat gain (around 5 dB) over the entire bandwidth. For the design and optimization of antennas, we use HFSS CAD software from ANSOFT.

Central Force Optimization with Gravity <0, Elitism, and Dynamic Threshold Optimization: An Antenna Application, 6-Element Yagi-Uda Arrays

This paper investigates the effect of adding three extensions to Central Force Optimization when it is used as the Global Search and Optimization method for the design and optimization of 6-elementYagi-Uda arrays. Those extensions are Negative Gravity, Elitism, and Dynamic Threshold Optimization. The basic CFO heuristic does not include any of these, but adding them substantially improves the algorithm’s performance. This paper extends the work reported in a previous paper that considered only negative gravity and which showed a significant performance improvement over a range of optimized arrays. Still better results are obtained by adding to the mix Elitism and DTO. An overall improvement in best fitness of 19.16% is achieved by doing so. While the work reported here was limited to the design/optimization of 6- element Yagis, the reasonable inference based on these data is that any antenna design/optimization problem, indeed any Global Search and Optimization problem, antenna or not, utilizing Central Force Optimization as the Global Search and Optimization engine will benefit by including all three extensions, probably substantially.

基于特征模理论分析的超宽带小型化准八木天线设计

文中设计了一款超宽带准八木天线。根据特征模理论对传统的准八木天线进行分析,并结合天线理论,在不改变天线原有尺寸的情况下,通过采用弯折、切槽等技术,增大了电流路径,拓宽了低频的工作带宽。天线尺寸为0.256λ_(0)×0.256λ_(0)×0.002λ_(0)(λ_(0)为最小工作频率所对应的波长),工作带宽为0.78 GHz~1.58 GHz。与初始天线相比,相对带宽从32.0%提高至67.8%。通过前后比可以看出,天线具有良好的定向性能,可以满足人脑探测活动的需求。

一种新型共面波导馈电Ku波段准八木贴片天线的设计

本文设计了一种中心频率为15 GHz、基于共面馈电结构的Ku波段准八木“贴片”天线,该天线结构相对简单、工作频段较宽并且具有较高的增益特性。该设计通过分析、添加并且优化寄生竖向“贴片”的方式实现特定频率范围内电感或电容的改变,从而达到提高天线带宽的目的。研究还表明:在两侧竖向“贴片”的两端添加横向“贴片”,通过调整横向“贴片”的方向,以及改变寄生贴片的参数,可以进一步地提高天线带宽。本设计提出的准八木“贴片”天线的工作频段比初始天线相对带宽提高了13.3%,工作频带内峰值增益达到8.3 dBi,平均增益达到7.5 dBi,工作频带内平均效率为75%。该新型天线可广泛应用于无线通信系统中,并可用作阵列元为设计相控阵、有源阵列以及毫米波成像阵列提供支持。

Optimization of Linear Antenna Arrays Based on Genetic Algorithms

The methods of moment and genetic algorithm (GA) are combined to optimize the Yagi Uda antenna array and Log periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) array. The element lengths and spacing are optimized for the Yagi Uda array; while the ratio factor of spacing to length as well as the ratio of length to diameter of the elements are optimized for LPDA array. The results show that the main parameters, such as gain and pattern, have been improved apparently; and the high back lobe level of LPDA can be reduced greatly, therefore, GA is a very competent method for optimizing the linear array as well as in other fields.

基于Quasi-Yagi天线结构的波导-微带背靠背过渡

提出了一种新颖的波导-微带线的背靠背过渡结构,利用Quasi-Yagi天线结构在波导E面与波导形成电场耦合,通过采用高介电常数基片和增加Yagi天线引向器阶数的方法,改善天线与波导的电场耦合效果,以达到在通频带内平稳过渡,较传统的波导微带过渡结构有着更宽的带宽(将近68%)。通过电磁仿真软件CST在整个X波段对其进行了全波分析,得到了较好的S21(S21<0.7 dB)。对这种过渡结构进行了容差分析,在10%的误差范围内S21仍能保持较好的一致性和相对低的插入损耗,能满足加工要求。

Improving Bandwidth of Yagi-Uda Arrays

A novel approach for improving antenna bandwidth is described using a 6-element Yagi-Uda array as an example. The new approach applies Central Force Optimization, a deterministic metaheuristic, and Variable Z0 technology, a novel, proprietary design and optimization methodology, to produce an array with 33.09% fractional impedance bandwidth. This array’s performance is compared to its CFO-optimized Fixed Z0counterpart, and to the performance of a 6-ele- ment Dominating Cone Line Search-optimized array. Both CFO-optimized antennas exhibit better performance than the DCLS array, especially with respect to impedance bandwidth. Although the Yagi-Uda antenna was chosen to illustrate this new approach to antenna design and optimization, the methodology is entirely general and can be applied to any antenna against any set of performance objectives.

Six-Element Yagi Array Designs Using Central Force Optimization with Pseudo Random Negative Gravity

A six-element Yagi-Uda array is optimally designed using Central Force Optimization (CFO) with a small amount of pseudo randomly injected negative gravity. CFO is a simple, deterministic metaheuristic analogizing gravitational kinematics (motion of masses under the influence of gravity). It has been very effective in addressing a wide range of antenna and other problems and normally employs only positive gravity. With positive gravity the six element CFO-designed Yagi array described here exhibits excellent performance with respect to the objectives of impedance bandwidth and forward gain. This paper addresses the question of what happens when a small amount of negative gravity is injected into the CFO algorithm. Does doing so have any effect, beneficial, negative or neutral? In this particular case negative gravity improves CFO’s exploration and creates a region of optimality containing many designs that perform about as well as or better than the array discovered with only positive gravity. Without some negative gravity these array configurations are overlooked. This Yagi-Uda array design example suggests that antennas optimized or designed using deterministic CFO may well benefit by including a small amount of negative gravity, and that the negative gravity approach merits further study.

On the Design of Planar Printed Dipole Array Antennas

In this paper, we propose a new design procedure for printed dipole array antennas. Applications of these arrays are devoted to wireless communication systems, mainly base stations and beam steerable antennas. All the designs have been developed at the frequency of 3 GHz. This structure is chosen in order to enhance the gain and minimize the backside radiations of an antenna array with a very simple feeding.

频率可重构的短背射天线

针对5G发展对室内接入天线提出的新要求,设计了一种可在N78(3.4~3.6 GHz)与N79(4.8~5.0 GHz)两个频段之间切换的频率可重构天线.天线辐射器印制在电路板上,电路板末端带有圆形金属腔,作为八木天线与短背射天线的反射器.对PIN二极管偏置电路进行优化,切换天线有源振子臂上一对PIN二极管开关,使天线具有两种工作模式,具备频率可重构的功能.通过仿真软件对天线模型进行仿真分析,根据仿真结果制作了天线的实物并进行实验验证,实测表明天线具有良好的匹配与增益.当PIN二极管导通时,天线工作在N78频段,回波损耗小于-19.58 dB,增益大于7.44 dBi;当PIN二极管断开时,天线工作在N79频段,回波损耗小于-18.58 dB,增益大于9.48 dBi.

小型化准八木天线的仿真与实验研究

微带准八木天线具有端射的辐射方向图,设计方便,结构简单,其小型化是应用中面临的重要任务。文中针对S波段微带准八木天线的小型化技术开展了仿真和实验研究。首先,研究了基本型的印刷八木天线,在有源振子长度为50 mm和4个引向器的条件下,仿真得到驻波比小于2的频率为2.73 GHz,增益约为4 dBi;然后,在相同的有源振子横向尺寸和引向器个数条件下,采用振子曲折线技术,仿真得到驻波比小于2的频率为2.675 GHz,增益也约为4 dBi;最后,针对相同横向尺寸和引向器个数的曲折线振子,引入介质埋藏技术,对于不同厚度的高介电常数的介质基板覆盖,仿真了准八木天线的端口驻波比和辐射性能的变化情况,在介质基板的相对介电常数为9.8和厚度为8 mm的情况下,仿真得到驻波比小于2的频率为2.2 GHz,增益也约为5 dBi,方向图形状略有变化,对介质埋藏的曲折线振子八木天线进行了加工和测试,测试结果和仿真结果接近。研究结果表明,采用介质埋藏和振子曲折线技术均可以一定程度上缩减准八木天线的横向尺寸,其中介质埋藏技术效果更为明显,二者之间的结合是小型化准八木天线的有效方案,文中的研究为实际工程应用提供了技术参考。

有限空间下贴窗八木天线的设计与制作

为了提高信号接收场强,本文制作了四单元八木天线,天线用胶带固定在窗户的玻璃上,可大幅改善监听效果。安装到位的天线实测提高增益约8d B,输出阻抗约50Ω,与同轴线链接无需特殊匹配。

融合AOA与射频RSS的KNN指纹室内定位算法

为了解决基于蓝牙射频RSS的室内定位算法精度低、实时性差等问题,提出一种融合到达角(Angle of Arrival,AOA)与射频RSS的K近邻指纹定位算法,通过采集NRF51822传感器的射频RSS聚类信号形成定位指纹库,采用KNN欧式最优算法与指纹库进行匹配得出近似坐标位置,设计一款小型PCB八木天线模拟定位基站,补偿射频RSS随距离、遮挡等造成的信号接收强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI)跳变、衰减,通过信标与定位节点的AOA到达角与最优指纹数据的权值归一化换算,得出最终定位坐标。实验结果表明,该算法具有定位精度高、实时性好等优点,具有较高的推广价值。

一种微带准八木天线的改进设计

在Ramadan A.Alhalabi设计的准八木天线基础上进行了改进设计,采取增加展宽天线带宽的两个寄生贴片和振子耦合枝节和提高天线增益的天线背面引向振子组,减小天线体积的馈线结构等改进措施,从而达到展宽天线相对带宽的目的。使用Ansoft HFSS软件对改进天线进行仿真实验年和对实物天线进行测试,结果表明:这种改进型天线结构设计合理,其相对带宽都大于20%(VSWR≤2),在2.4GHz处的增益都大于10dB,天线具有良好的性能,从而拓宽了该准八木天线的应用范围,而且紧凑的结构和较小的尺寸便于天线组阵。

载体微带八木天线的优化设计

八木天线在被用作弹体引向天线时,由于一侧柱体反射的影响,天线增益恶化严重。利用NEC软件,考虑了一侧柱体的影响,对工作在L波段的微带八木天线的增益进行了优化,使得天线增益达到15dB,并用CST仿真其结果。

准八木型宽带高增益微带天线

基于八木天线的结构设计并制作了一个准八木型宽带高增益微带天线，利用三维电磁仿真软件（Ansoft HFSS）进行仿真设计，在已有的单一引向器结构的基础上，通过增加引向器数量实现了高增益和较宽的带宽。实际测试表明：天线工作频段在4．8～6．4GHz，在中心频率5．6GHZ处，峰值增益约为10．2dB，前后比约为21dB，与仿真结果基本吻合。另外，还给出了准八木型高增益微带天线的设计过程，并对具体结构和参数的选择对天线性能的影响进行了比较和讨论。

一种新型共形微带准八木天线的设计

设计了一种新型的用于柱面共形的微带准八木天线.天线共形在一段圆柱体表面,通过共面波导馈电,避免平衡不平衡转换,简化了天线结构.采用蝶形偶极子作为辐射源,增加天线带宽.采用分段结构引向器,提高天线增益,调节输入阻抗,达到匹配.实测结果表明:天线在790～1 080MHz频带内,回波损耗S11≤-10dB,相对阻抗带宽为30%,最大辐射增益为3.8dB.

等离子体八木天线的仿真与实验研究

在传统八木天线理论基础上,设计了一款等离子体八木天线,通过CST软件仿真得到其S11参数、辐射方向图,并根据软件仿真优化参数加工制作出等离子体八木天线原理样机,用高性能矢量网络分析仪对原理样机的S11参数进行了测量。结果表明,当等离子体密度较高时,等离子体八木天线具有很好的定向性以及较高的增益,具有与金属天线可比拟的性能。

一种新型的层叠式介质埋藏贴片八木天线

为了解决平面式微带贴片八木天线的主波束不能与微带天线基片平面垂直的问题,运用微带天线耦合理论、八木天线原理和微带天线理论,借鉴八木天线设计经验和微带天线制作技术,研制出了一种新型的层叠式介质埋藏贴片八木天线,并提出在八木天线振子两旁增加"栅栏"的改进结构形式。经仿真计算和实物天线测试证明:这种天线性能优于平面式的微带贴片八木天线。

OSMAR2000相控阵天线的分析与设计

从工程应用的角度出发 ,详细分析了 OSMAR2 0 0 0天线阵列的设计原理 ,为高频地波雷达海洋环境监测系统成功设计了一发八收、收发共用的天线阵列系统 .