Association of ABO blood groups with the severity of coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study

Objective To investigate whether ABO blood groups is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease(CAD). Methods Between January 2015 and December 2017, 1425 first diagnosed CAD patients confirmed by selective coronary angiography were recruited into this cross-sectional study, and their baseline characteristics, ABO blood groups, Gensini score were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to test the association between the severity of CAD and ABO blood groups. Results The Gensini score was significantly higher in the blood group A than in the non-A groups(41.2 ± 32 vs. 38 ± 27;P = 0.026). After adjusting for age, male, smoking, family history of CAD, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, multivariate linear regression indicated that blood group A was associated with the severity of CAD(β= 3.298, 95% CI: 0.91–6.505, P = 0.044). In diabetes group, A blood type was also associated with increased Gensini score(P = 0.02) after adjusting for age, male, family history of CAD, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and hypertension. Conclusion In this cross-sectional study, the data indicated that blood group A was an independent risk factor of severity of CAD in Chinese population and Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Preliminary study of abnormal increase of postexercise systolic blood pressure in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Objectives This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of abnormal increase of postexercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with or without hypertension. Methods Treadmill exercise testing (TET) was conducted in 88 patients (40 CAD patients, 48 control subjects) with or without hypertension, each of whom underwent selective coronary angiography (CAG). The abnormal increase of postexercise SBP was defined as 10mmHg higher than earlier periods during the recovery phase (6 minutes) of exercise testing. Results The abnormal increase of postexercise SBP had higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting CAD than those of ST - segment depression in patients with or without hypertension. Its accuracy increased with the severity of CAD while decreased in patients with hypertension, and the increase value of SBP had a positive correlation with the extent of coronary artery lesion. The combination of ST - segment depression and abnormal increase of postexercise SBP diagnosed CAD most accurately in patients with hypertension. Conclusions Abnormal increase of postexercise SBP may be a useful index for diagnosing CAD.

Coronary artery disease and heart failure:Late-breaking trials presented at American Heart Association scientific session 2023

The late-breaking science presented at the 2023 scientific session of the American Heart Association paves the way for future pragmatic trials and provides meaningful information to guide management strategies in coronary artery disease and heart failure(HF).The dapagliflozin in patient with acute myocardial infarction(DAPA-MI)trial showed that dapagliflozin use among patients with acute MI without a history of diabetes mellitus or chronic HF has better cardiometabolic outcomes compared with placebo,with no difference in cardiovascular outcomes.The MINT trial showed that in patients with acute MI and anemia(Hgb<10 g/dL),a liberal transfusion goal(Hgb≥10 g/dL)was not superior to a restrictive strategy(Hgb 7-8 g/dL)with respect to 30-day all-cause death and recurrent MI.The ORBITA-2 trial showed that among patients with stable angina and coronary stenoses causing ischemia on little or no antianginal therapy,percutaneous coronary intervention results in greater improvements in anginal frequency and exercise times compared with a sham procedure.The ARIES-HM3 trial showed that in patients with advanced HF who received a HeartMate 3 levitated left ventricular assist device and were anticoagulated with a vitamin K antagonist,placebo was noninferior to daily aspirin with respect to the composite endpoint of bleeding and thrombotic events at 1 year.The TEAMMATE trial showed that everolimus with low-dose tacrolimus is safe in children and young adults when given≥6 months after cardiac transplantation.Providing patients being treated for HF with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)with specific out-of-pocket(OOP)costs for multiple medication options at the time of the clinical encounter may reduce‘contingency planning’and increase the extent to which patients are taking the medications decided upon.The primary outcome,which was cost-informed decisionmaking,defined as the clinician or patient mentioning costs of HFrEF medication,occurred in 49%of encounters with the checklist only control group compared with 68%of encounters in the OOP cost group.

Predictive Study of Velocimetry in the Coronary Artery after Iodinated Contrast Agent Injection

This study aims to determine the retention time of iodinated contrast agents (ICA) in the coronary artery. The mechanical aspect of ICA displacement was studied in order to better understand the effect of these products on the inner wall of the artery of patients with coronary artery stenosis, undergoing repeated imaging examinations with iodinated contrast agents. ICA flow, ICA and blood flow in the artery were modelled. The fluid was regarded to be viscous, incompressible and Newtonian. Blood flow was presumed to be unidirectional, laminar and unstationary. Iodine flow velocity and retention time were calculated using the Runge-Kutta 4th order method programmed in C++ and MatLab R2013a language. The results showed that for coronary artery CT-scans, ICA retention time is 1 minute 40 seconds and for coronary arteriography it is between 2.41 and 3.61 seconds. The values calculated were compared to theoretical values and to clinical observations. The results enabled us to validate our model.

Interventional treatment of the left subclavian in 2 patients with coronary steal syndrome

In patients with history of coronary artery disease angina pectoris is usually attributed to the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. However,in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft operation(CABG) using internal mammary artery grafts,great vessel disease should also be considered. Herein we present two patients with history of CABG whose symptoms were suspicious for coronary ischemia. During cardiac catheterization reverse blood flow was observed from the left artery disease to the left internal mammary artery(LIMA) graft in both cases. After angioplasty and stent implantation of the left subclavian artery antegrade flow was restored in the LIMA grafts and both patients had complete resolution of symptoms.

Related factors of coronary no-reflow phenomenon and progress of traditional Chinese medicine treatment

Coronary no-reflow phenomenon belongs to a type of coronary microcirculation disturbance,and its main pathogenic factors are vascular endothelial cell injury,microembolism and inflammatory reaction,which are corresponding to the pathogenesis of choroid injury,blood stasis and heat toxin in traditional Chinese medicine,such as NO,ET-1,chemokine,IL and other cytokines.The degree of improvement of patients'symptoms and laboratory examination data provide a basis for traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription,monomer and traditional Chinese medicine characteristic therapy for the treatment of no-reflow phenomena(NRP).Combined with related factors,the author summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of NRP in recent years,in order to provide clinical reference.

PET tracers and techniques for measuring myocardial blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease

Assessment of the relative distribution of myocardial flow with myocardial perfusion imaging （MPI） is meth- odologically limited to predict the presence or absence of flow-limited coronary artery disease （CAD）. This limi- tation may often occur, when obstructive lesions involve multiple epicardial coronary arteries or disease-related disturbances of the coronary circulation coexist at the microvascular level. Non-invasive assessment of myocar- dial blood flow in absolute units with position emission tomography （PET） has been positioned as the solution to improve CAD diagnosis and prediction of patient outcomes associated with risks for cardiac events. This article reviews technical and clinical aspects of myocardial blood flow quantitation with PET and discusses the practical consideration of this approach toward worldwide clinical utilization.

EFFECTS OF INJECTION OF LIGUSTRAZINE INTO GESHU (BL 17) POINT ON BLOOD RHEOLOGY IN PATIENTS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

In the present paper, the therapeutic effects of point-injection and electro-acupuncture(EA) were compared in 100 patients of coronary heart disease with abnormal increases of indexes ofblood rheology. Results indicated that after one therapeutic course, the increases of indexes of bloodrheology were reduced in Geshu-ligustrazine group, Geshu-saline group, Geshu-EA group and Feishu-ligustrazine group (P【0. 05 - 0. 01 ) and there was no this action in Feishu-EA group. Among them,the Geshu-EA group had the best therapeutic effect.

Relationship between red blood cell distribution width and intermediate-term mortality in elderly patients after percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Large-scale clinical research on the relationship between red blood cell distribution width （RDW） and intermediate-term prognosis in elderly patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） is lacking. Thus, this study investigated the effects of RDW on the intermediate-term mortality of elderly patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. Methods Data from 1891 patients 〉 65 years old underwent elective PCI from July 2009 to September 2011 were collected. Based on preoperative median RDW （12.3%）, the patients were divided into two groups. The low RDW group （RDW 〈 12.3%） had 899 cases; the high RDW group （RDW 〉 12.3%） had 992 cases. The all-cause mortality rates of the two groups were compared. Results Patients in the high RDW group were more likely to be female and accompanied with diabetes, had lower hemoglobin level. The mean follow-up period was 527 days. During follow-up, 61 patients died （3.2%）. The postoperative mortality of the high RDW group was significantly higher than that of the low RDW group （4.3% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.004）. After adjusting other factors, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that preoperative high RDW was significantly associated with postoperative all-cause mortality （hazard ratio： 2.301, 95% confidence interval： 1.106-4.785, P = 0.026）. Conclusions Increased RDW was an independent predictor of the increased intermediate-term all-cause mortality in elderly CAD patients after elective PCI.

Investigation of third-grade non-Newtonian blood flow in arteries under periodic body acceleration using multi-step differential transformation method

In this paper, a non-Newtonian third-grade blood in coronary and femoral arteries is simulated analytically and numerically. The blood is considered as the third- grade non-Newtonian fluid under the periodic body acceleration motion and the pulsatile pressure gradient. The hybrid multi-step differential transformation method （Hybrid-Ms- DTM） and the Crank-Nicholson method （CNM） are used to solve the partial differential equation （PDE）, and a good agreement between them is observed in the results. The effects of the some physical parameters such as the amplitude, the lead angle, and the body acceleration frequency on the velocity and shear stress profiles are considered. The results show that increasing the amplitude, Ag, and reducing the lead angle of body acceleration, 9, make higher velocity profiles on the center line of both arteries. Also, the maximum wall shear stress increases when Ag increases.

Correlation of Blood Lactate and Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation in Off-Pump CABG

Aim: To evaluate the correlation of blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation to predict outcome in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Method: This is a randomized study including 30 patients. Blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation were measured in 4 groups of patients—number of grafts, presence or absence of left main coronary artery disease, ejection fraction and serum creatinine. Blood samples were taken before induction, after grafting, on intensive care unit admission, 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery. The measured blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation are compared to assess the outcomes in terms of duration of ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Results: The blood lactate and mixed venous oxygen saturation values increased post operatively but no statistically significant difference in three groups— number of grafts, left main coronary artery disease and ejection fraction. In serum creatinine group, the blood lactate value was found to be statistically significant after grafting in patients with creatinine <1.5 mg/dl, however, there was a significant disparity in numbers. Conclusion: Mixed venous oxygen saturation is a better predictor of morbidity than blood lactate in terms of intensive care unit stay in patients undergoing off pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Management of a patient on dual antiplatelet therapy presented for living donor liver transplant

We report a case of a patient who underwent Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT) while being continued on his dual antiplatelet regimen of clopidigrel and aspirin perioperatively. The patient had two drug eluting stents for coronary artery disease placed eight months prior to surgery. Preoperative thromboelastography and platelet mapping showed normal clot formation. Based on these tests it was determined that preoperative platelet transfusion was not necessary. The surgery proceeded relatively uneventfully. The patient received 1 unit of packed red blood cells intraoperatively and continued on aspirin during the postoperative period with no evidence of bleeding or cardiac ischemia.

慢性肾脏病腹膜透析患者血脂水平与冠状动脉钙化严重程度的关系

[目的]探讨慢性肾脏病(CKD)腹膜透析(PD)患者血脂水平与冠状动脉钙化(CAC)严重程度的关系。[方法]选取2018年6月—2021年12月本院收治的205例进行PD治疗的CKD患者作为研究对象,根据CAC评分将患者分为钙化组(n=152)和未钙化组(n=53),并将钙化组分为轻度钙化组(n=61)、中度钙化组(n=50)和重度钙化组(n=41),采用单因素分析比较患者临床资料及实验室指标差异;采用限制性三次样条拟合Logistic回归模型分析血脂水平与CAC的关系;采用多元Logistic回归模型分析影响因素,并绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线探讨血脂水平对CAC严重程度的预测价值。[结果]与未钙化组相比,钙化组年龄、糖尿病比例、体质指数(BMI)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、血磷水平显著增加,血尿酸(UA)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、血镁、25-羟维生素D3(25-(OH)-VitD3)水平显著降低(P<0.05);Logistic回归显示,调整年龄、糖尿病等因素后TC(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.56~2.10)、TG(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.86~2.41)、HDLC(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.42~0.84)、LDLC(OR=2.01,95%CI:1.78~2.32)仍是CAC发生的危险因素,且随着TG、TC、LDLC水平升高,HDLC水平降低,其关联效应值也相应增高(P趋势<0.05);与轻度钙化组相比,中度钙化组、重度钙化组年龄、TG、TC均显著增加,HDLC均显著降低,中度钙化组UA显著增加,重度钙化组LDLC、血磷显著增加,血镁、25-(OH)-VitD3显著降低;与中度钙化组相比,重度钙化组TC、LDLC显著增加,UA、HDLC显著降低(均P<0.05),且多元Logistic回归模型表明高龄,TG、TC、LDLC水平升高及HDLC水平降低是CKD患者PD治疗后发生重度CAC的独立危险因素(均P<0.05);限制性三次样条回归分析表明血脂水平与CAC严重程度呈明显的相关性;ROC曲线分析显示,血TG、TC、HDLC、LDLC联合检测的AUC为0.897,灵敏度为0.899,特异度为0.826,表明TG、TC、HDLC、LDLC联合检测对进行PD治疗的CKD患者CAC严重程度的预测价值高于任一单一指标。[结论]进行PD治疗的CKD患者,血TG、TC、LDLC水平升高及HDLC水平降低与CAC发生风险显著相关,并且参与了CAC的发生发展,临床可通过联合检测提高其预测价值。

冠状动脉树重建扩大到较小动脉提高FFRCT准确性的研究

目的本研究旨在通过在计算流体动力学(CFD)领域扩展冠脉树来提高基于冠状动脉CT血管成像(coronary CT angiography,CCTA)的血流储备分数(FFR)的准确性。进行了一项观察性研究,以评估将冠状动脉树分析从最小直径1.2mm扩展到0.8 mm的效果。方法对接受CCTA和介入性FFR治疗的患者进行回顾性研究。76名患者符合纳入标准。重建三维冠状动脉树,生成具有不同管腔直径下限(1.2 mm和0.8 mm)的有限元网格。根据Murray定律定义了出口边界条件。应用NKS方法求解CFD控制方程,得到FFRCT。结果在个体患者水平上,将冠状动脉树的最小直径从1.2mm扩大到0.8mm,FFRCT的灵敏度提高了16.7%(P=0.022),这导致四个假阴性病例转变为真阳性病例。ROC曲线的AUC值由0.74增至0.83。此外,NKS方法可以解决在2160个处理器核的情况下,在10.5分钟内将冠状动脉树扩展到0.8 mm管腔直径的计算问题。结论将重建的冠脉扩大到较小的管腔直径可以显著提高FFRCT的敏感性,NKS方法可以为未来的临床应用提供良好的计算时间。

河北省心血管外科围手术期用血现状的多中心回顾性研究

目的分析心血管外科围手术期用血现状及异体输血的影响因素,为围手术期血液管理提供参考。方法选取2019年-2020年河北省102家医院共772例主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)患者的临床资料,比较围手术期关键指标、不同血液成分、不同等级医院输血率和输血量的差异,并采用多元线性逐步回归模型分析围手术期异体输血的影响因素。结果2019年-2020年,河北省医院AVR患者异体输血率分别为93.3%和100.0%,CABG患者异体输血率分别为89.4%和90.2%,异体输血率普遍较高。输血概率与医院等级相关,围手术期出血量、手术时长等是影响输血总需求的主要风险因素。结论河北省各医院应建立多学科协同血液管理模式,实施患者血液管理策略,积极推进自体输血技术应用,改良手术方式;相关管理部门应开展临床用血评价与公示,促进各医院严格落实临床用血审核制度,为患者制订合理、科学的输血方案,以降低出血量和异体输血率,进而保障输血安全。

王阶从“虚-痰-瘀-热-滞”论治冠状动脉狭窄经验

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块导致冠状动脉狭窄是冠心病发病的关键和病理基础。目前,冠心病的常规治疗措施包括药物治疗和血运重建,在一定程度上能改善症状,但仍有发生不良心血管事件的风险。全国名中医王阶教授临证经验丰富,在中医辨治冠心病及用药方面独具特色。王教授提出,冠心病的核心病机是“痰瘀滞虚”,四大证候要素紧密结合,互相转化,贯穿于冠心病发生、发展的全过程。王教授认为,冠状动脉狭窄与“虚、痰、瘀、热、滞”病机密切相关,其中“虚”为内在致病之本,“血瘀、痰浊”是主要病理因素,“热毒内蕴”是重要病机,“气滞”是加重病情、干扰疾病转归的重要因素。王教授临证时强调治病求本,病机结合病理,脏腑辨证和病证结合,方证相应指导处方用药,药性结合药理,灵活配伍。治疗上,以益气补肾、活血化痰、清热解毒之法立法组方,擅用经方加减化裁,守机用之,遵旨变通;或合方治疗,兼顾病情;善用对药配伍,强化药效,颇具特色。现将王阶教授在冠状动脉狭窄治疗方面的临床经验总结如下,并附医案一则,以飨同道。

红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平与不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度及狭窄程度的相关性分析

目的分析红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平与不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变程度及狭窄程度的相关性。方法120例不稳定型心绞痛患者,根据冠状动脉病变支数的不同分为单支病变组(60例)、双支病变组(40例)、多支病变组(20例),根据冠状动脉狭窄程度的不同分为轻度狭窄组(50例)、中度狭窄组(40例)、重度狭窄组(20例)、完全闭塞组(10例)。对比不同冠状动脉病变支数组和狭窄程度组的红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平;使用Pearson法分析红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平与不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变支数、冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性。结果单支病变组、双支病变组、多支病变组的红细胞分布宽度分别为(9.27±0.71)%、(12.59±1.36)%、(17.87±2.68)%,糖化血红蛋白分别为(6.57±1.12)%、(8.89±2.06)%、(12.65±3.18)%。单支病变组、双支病变组、多支病变组的红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平从高到低分别均为:多支病变组>双支病变组>单支病变组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组、完全闭塞组的红细胞分布宽度分别为(8.71±0.63)%、(11.86±0.92)%、(15.76±1.78)%、(20.36±3.04)%,糖化血红蛋白分别为(5.47±1.15)%、(6.97±1.83)%、(9.22±2.68)%、(14.86±3.89)%。轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组、完全闭塞组的红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平从高到低分别均为:完全闭塞组>重度狭窄组>中度狭窄组>轻度狭窄组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson分析法显示,不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变支数的多少与红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平之间呈正相关(r=0.25、0.15,P<0.05);不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的轻重与红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平之间呈正相关(r=0.49、0.65,P<0.05)。结论临床可以通过红细胞分布宽度、糖化血红蛋白水平的血清学检测来评估不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变支数和狭窄程度,进而根据患者病情的轻重来指导临床治疗,从而使患者获得更好的预后。

腺苷负荷与ATP负荷评估冠状动脉微血管疾病中的不良反应分析

背景 冠状动脉微血管疾病(CMVD)的诊疗一直是非冠状动脉阻塞性缺血性心脏病的重点。腺苷注射液和ATP注射液是目前测定冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)评估CMVD的临床常用负荷药物,两者有所关联,但具有显著区别。ATP是腺苷的前体,其价格低廉且血管扩张机制与腺苷类似,临床上常代替腺苷,但忽视了其潜在的不良反应。目的 比较腺苷负荷与ATP负荷在评估CMVD过程中的不良反应发生率。方法 选取2019年6月—2020年7月因典型心绞痛就诊于陕西省人民医院心内科行冠状动脉造影术/冠状动脉CT血管造影术(CTA)明确各支冠状动脉残余狭窄直径<50%的患者170例,依据随机数字表法分为腺苷组和ATP组,腺苷组88例,ATP组82例。腺苷组给予腺苷注射液负荷测定CFR,ATP组采用ATP负荷测定CFR,检测过程中记录患者的血压、心率、扫描时间及不良反应发生情况。结果 与腺苷组相比,ATP组患者胸闷[61.0%(50/82)和20.4%(18/88)]、头晕[72.0%(59/82)和31.8%(28/88)]、头痛[68.3%(56/82)和11.4%(10/88)]、胃肠道不适[13.4%(11/82)和4.5%(4/88)]、心悸[69.5%(57/82)和5.7%(5/88)]、气促[40.2%(33/82)和2.3%(2/88)]、大汗[28.0%(23/82)和3.4%(3/88)]、潮热[19.5%(16/82)和2.3%(2/88)]、颜面潮红[13.4%(11/82)和4.5%(4/88)]的发生率均较高(P<0.05);两组患者神经过敏、耳鸣、咽干、颈部不适的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与ATP负荷相比,腺苷负荷测定CFR的不良反应发生率更低。

累积空腹血糖水平与冠状动脉钙化的关联

目的:探讨累积空腹血糖水平与冠状动脉钙化(CAC)的关联。方法:选取来自北京社区动脉粥样硬化队列的1 113例研究对象,所有研究对象分别于1998年、2008~2009年、2013~2014年进行人体测量和血糖等生化指标检测,并于2013~2014年进行冠状动脉CT检查。根据累积空腹血糖水平(至少两次空腹血糖的10年加权累积水平)将研究对象分为四组:<50.0 mmol/L组(n=495)、50.0~55.9 mmol/L组(n=345)、56.0~69.9 mmol/L组(n=176)及≥70.0 mmol/L组(n=97)。CAC评分>0分定义为存在CAC。应用Logistic回归模型分析累积空腹血糖水平对CAC的影响,并根据性别、年龄等进行亚组分析。结果:1 113例研究对象的平均年龄为(59.7±6.4)岁,其中男性523例(47.0%),478例(42.9%)存在CAC。随着累积空腹血糖水平升高,CAC比例逐渐增加。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,与累积空腹血糖水平<50.0 mmol/L组相比,50.0~55.9 mmol/L组、56.0~69.9 mmol/L组及≥70.0 mmol/L组研究对象存在CAC的OR (95%CI)分别为1.43 (1.04~1.98)、1.92(1.24~2.99)和2.79(1.35~5.77)(Ptrend<0.05)。累积空腹血糖水平每升高10 mmol/L,CAC风险增加34%(OR=1.34,95%CI:1.12~1.59,P<0.05)。在各亚组中,累积空腹血糖水平每升高10 mmol/L的CAC风险差异无统计学意义(P均≥0.05)。结论:累积空腹血糖水平升高是CAC的危险因素,提示长期维持健康血糖水平的重要性。

Relationships of coronary artery atherosclerosis severity with blood pressure variability and ankle-brachial index in hypertensive patients

Background Numerous trials showed that blood pressure variability （BPV） plays an important role in triggering acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. However, few studies have clarified the relationship between the coronary artery atherosclerosis severity with BVP and ankle-brachial index （ABI）. There are few studies in which have investigated BPV, ankle-brachial index （ABI）, brachial ankle pulse wave velelocity （baPWV） and severity of coronary angiography（ CAG ） at the same time. Methods Totally 188 hypertensive patients from January 2012 to March 2015 were enrolled in this study. All the cases underwent 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring （ABPM）, CAG and ABI. The extent of coronary artery disease was assessed by the Gensini score system. The subjects were divided into four groups： A（ Gensini score=0）, B（Gensini score≤20）, C（ 20〈Gensini score 〈50）, D（Gensini score≥50）. Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression were used for analyses. Results Compared with the A and B group, most of blood pressure standard deviation and average ABI of D group were higher （P 〈 0.05）. Correlation analysis indicated that Gensini score was positively correlated with 24h systolic blood pressure standard deviation （24hsbpsd）, day systolic blood pressure standard deviation （dsbpsd） and night systolic blood pressure standard deviation（nsbpsd）; But it was reversely correlated with ABI. ABI was reversely correlated with 24hsbpsd and nsbpsd. Gensini score was positively correlated with 24hsbpsd（P=0.02） and dsbpsd（P〈0.05）, while reversely correlated with ABI（P〈0.05） by multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. Conclusion BPV and ABI are closely related to severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis. They are predictors in patients with coronary artery disease with hypertension.