Fourth-generation quinolones in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis

AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of fourth-generation quinolones for helicobacter pylori(h. pylori) eradication, we conducted this systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials. METHODS Major literature databases(Pub Med, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for relevant articles published prior to February 2018. We performed a meta-analysis of all randomized clinical trials that examined the efficacy of h. pylori eradication therapies and included fourthgeneration quinolones in the experimental arm. Subgroup analyses by regions and different types of fourth-generation quinolones were also performed.RESULTS Ten studies including a total of 2198 patients were assessed. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that the eradication rate of therapies containing non-fourth-generation quinolones was significantly lower than that of therapies containing fourth-generation quinolones by intention-to-treat(ITT) analysis [75.4% vs 81.8%; odds ratio(OR) = 0.661; 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.447-0.977; P = 0.038]. This analysis also showed that the eradication rate of the therapies containing non-fourth-generation quinolones was inferior to that of therapies containing fourth-generation quinolones by perprotocol analysis(79.1% vs 84.7%; OR = 0.663; 95%CI: 0.433-1.016; P = 0.059). Moreover, the occurrence of side effects was significantly different between the control and experimental groups by ITT analysis(30.6% vs 19.5%; OR = 1.874; 95%CI: 1.120-3.137; P = 0.017). The sub-analyses also showed significant differences in moxifloxacin therapies vs other fourth-generation quinolone therapies(84.3% vs 71.9%) and in Asian vs European groups(76.7% vs 89.1%).CONCLUSION Therapies containing fourth-generation quinolones achieved a poor eradication rate in the treatment of h. pylori infection. Such regimens might be useful as a rescue treatment based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Different antibiotics should be chosen in different regions.

Historical Cohort Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Versus Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins for Empirical Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of the combination drug piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ) in comparison with those of fourth-generation cephalosporins (4th Cephs) as initial empirical treatment in hematological malignancies patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). Among 200 patients assessed in this study, 49 had received PIPC/TAZ and 151 4th Cephs. Patient background characteristics were comparable between the two treatment groups. The overall efficacy rate in those receiving 4th Cephs and PIPC/TAZ was 57.0% (86/151 patients) and 59.2% (29/49 patients), respectively, with no significant difference detected between the two treatment regimens (P = 0.78). Treat-ment did not need to be discontinued or interrupted due to development of adverse drug reactions in any of the patients. Therefore in this study the efficacy and safety of PIPC/TAZ as initial antimicrobial treatment for FN in patients with hematological malignancies were not inferior to those of 4th Cephs. Based on the preliminary data obtained in this study, we propose to conduct a multicenter, prospective, controlled study to compare PIPC/TAZ versus CFPM given as empirical antimicrobial treatment against FN in patients with hematological malignancies.

Corrigendum to ‘Nanopore-based Fourth-generation DNA Sequencing Technology' [GPB 144(2015)–GPB 13/1(4–16)]

The authors regret that there were typos in the online version of Figure 4 published in Issue 1,2015.In the figure legend boxes of panels F and G,‘‘Ni’’should be corrected to‘‘N’’for the labeling of the green curves.The figure in the printed version has been corrected.The correct Figure 4 is shown below.The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.

Modification and optimization of the storage ring lattice of the High Energy Photon Source

Purpose For the High Energy Photon Source(HEPS),a green-field fourth-generation storage ring light source,the prelimi-nary design report(PDR)was completed in 2018,when the accelerator physics design had been basically finished.During the subsequent hardware and engineering design of the HEPS storage ring based on the PDR design,a few problems and challenges emerged,calling for modifications of the lattice.Method In this paper,we will introduce the background and reasons for the modifications and present the linear optics and simulation results for the nonlinear performance of the modified lattice of the HEPS storage ring.Result and conclusion The modified lattice satisfies the requirements from hardware and engineering design.

Corrigendum to Nanopore-based Fourth- generation DNA Sequencing Technology＇ [GPB 144 （2015）- GPB 13]1 （4-16）]

The authors regret that there was an incorrect citation in the Table 1 of the article ＂Nanopore-based Fourth-generation DNA Sequencing Technology＂, which was published in the journal Genomics, Proteomics ＆ Bioinformatics, Issue 1, 2015. In the table, the image in the 4th row originally appeared in the article ＂Nanopore-based sequence-specific detection of duplex DNA for geno- mic profiling＂ published by Nano Letters in 2010. Therefore, Ref. [8], which was associated with the image in the current Table l, should be replaced by the reference： Singer A, Wanunu M, Morrison W, Kuhn H, Frank-Kamenetskii M, Meller A. Nanopore- based sequence specific detection of duplex DNA for genomic profiling. Nano Lett 2010; 10：738-42.＂ The copy right permission of this article has been obtained. The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused.

2-Oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d] pyrimidines as new reversible inhibitors of EGFR C797S(Cys797 to Ser797)mutant

Extensive structure-activity relationships(SARs)study of JND3229 was conducted to yield a series of new reve rsible 2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine privileged scaffold as EGFRC797 S inhibitors.One of the most potent compound 6 i potently suppressed EGFRL858 R/T790 M/C797 S kinase with an IC50 value of 3.1 nmol/L,and inhibited the proliferation of BaF3 cells harboring EGFRL858 R/T790 M/C797 S and EGFR19 D/T790 M/C797 S mutants with IC50 values of 290 nmol/L and 316 nmol/L,respectively.Further,6 i dose-dependently induced suppression of the phosphorylation of EGFRL858 R/T790 M/C797 S and EGFR19 D/T790 M/C797 S in BaF3 cells.Compound 6 i may serve as a promising lead compound for further drug discovery overcoming the acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients.