Reaction to Reading The Age of Exuberance

Up till now only a few papers have been found to analyze The Age of Exuberance. It is extremely interesting for us to read The Age of Exuberance:backgrounds to eigh-teenth century English literature by Donald Greene, who tries to see the eigh teenth century from a different perspective, observing it as an exuberant, luxuriant age full of variety. It is the eighteenth century that witnesses the emergence of many news things.

Dynamic Pricing of Tropical Fruits in Hainan Based on Internet of Things Technology

In recent years,the Internet of Things(IoT)technology has been widely used in the production and sales of tropical fruits,with strong practicability and wide application prospects.The tropical fruit dynamic pricing model based on the IoT technology can promote the healthy development of the tropical fruit industry in Hainan and ensure the income of fruit farmers.Based on IoT technology,the quality grade of tropical fruits in Hainan is obtained.According to the dynamic pricing strategy of revenue management,a dynamic pricing model based on the quality of tropical fruits and a dynamic pricing model based on consumer segmentation are established to study the dynamic pricing problem under the condition of maximum profit for tropical fruit sellers.The research results show that for different fruit quality and consumer groups,different pricing models are required for pricing,in order to get the maximum profit from tropical fruit sales.Sellers must flexibly adopt different dynamic pricing models to price tropical fruits to enhance the competitiveness of the tropical fruit industry.

Improve access to the EU market by identifying French consumer preference for fresh fruit from China

Most previous studies have investigated country-of-origin effect for agricultural products from the economically developed country, but few have focused on the impact of country-of-origin on agricultural products from economically developing countries. Using a national online survey in France, we determine French consumers＇ perceptions and preferences for fresh fruit from China. Results of ordered logit models show that fresh fruit from China was perceived as low quality and unsafe. Respondents who care about country-of-origin were less likely to purchase fresh fruit from China, while those who care about brand were more likely to buy Chinese fresh fruit. Risk perception and quality perception both had a significant impact on the purchase of Chinese fresh fruit. Results of latent class models obtained with key consumer demographics show that heterogeneous preferences exist among different consumer groups. The results provide critical information to both China and other economically developing countries in their efforts to improve market penetration in economically developed countries.

The origin and evolution of carpels and fruits from an evo-devo perspective

The flower is an evolutionary innovation in angiosperms that drives the evolution of biodiversity.The carpel is integral to a flower and develops into fruits after fertilization,while the perianth,consisting of the calyx and corolla,is decorative to facilitate pollination and protect the internal organs,including the carpels and stamens.Therefore,the nature of flower origin is carpel and stamen origin,which represents one of the greatest and fundamental unresolved issues in plant evolutionary biology.Here,we briefly summarize the main progress and key genes identified for understanding floral development,focusing on the origin and development of the carpels.Floral ABC models have played pioneering roles in elucidating flower development,but remain insufficient for resolving flower and carpel origin.The genetic basis for carpel origin and subsequent diversification leading to fruit diversity also remains elusive.Based on current research progress and technological advances,simplified floral models and integrative evolutionary-developmental(evodevo)strategies are proposed for elucidating the genetics of carpel origin and fruit evolution.Stepwise birth of a few master regulatory genes and subsequent functional diversification might play a pivotal role in these evolutionary processes.Among the identified transcription factors,AGAMOUS(AG)and CRABS CLAW(CRC)may be the two core regulatory genes for carpel origin as they determine carpel organ identity,determinacy,and functionality.Therefore,a comparative identification of their protein-protein interactions and downstream target genes between flowering and non-flowering plants from an evo-devo perspective may be primary projects for elucidating carpel origin and development.

杜甫诗歌善用“细”字的语言艺术

杜甫在炼字遣词方面对“细”字甚为钟情。诗中的“细”景建构起杜诗自然之维中独特的意象语言;同时,杜甫也擅长以“细”为标志语词缀织寻常事象,把羁旅生涯中的琐细情事与场景通过凸显细节的方式化入诗中,汇成了笔法细微而情意浓厚的艺术特征。杜诗因“细”而生的描写语言在诗性语言成熟的背景下呈现出个性魅力,深悉物情、体物活泼的笔法独具姿彩,而其宏微互映、大小兼涵的层叠意象结构也显示出更富表现张力及情感底蕴的诗体意境。

集市蔬果的装饰化塑形以及在纺织品设计中的应用

互联网大数据时代激发了人们对个性化、多元化、沉浸式体验感的迫切需求,而设计的同质化现象已屡遭诟病,亟须改变。回归“艺术源于生活”的原创设计理念,从日常生活中汲取灵感,塑造生动鲜活的装饰艺术图形。文章遵循“生活是艺术创作源泉”的理念,对集市蔬果实地的感知发现与设计方法进行探讨,以瓜果蔬菜的极繁美为主题,拓展纺织品图案设计的生活素材源,提高多元化装饰题材的可能性,让从生活中获取第一手资料的原创理念深潜于心,建构中国特色的原创设计体系。

Analysis of Volatile Components in Fresh Fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from Different Origins Based on HS-SPME-GC/MS

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the differences of volatile components in fresh fruit of Morinda citrifolia L.from different origins.[Methods]The method of HS-SPME-GC/MS detection was used to determine the volatile chemical components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia.[Results]52,52 and 45 volatile components were identified from the fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from Xisha,Wanning and Haikou,respectively.Among them,the number and content of the identified esters were relatively high,mainly methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbuten-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,and ethyl caproate.There were also fatty acids,alcohols,phenols,ketones,aldehydes and other substances.There were 33 common ingredients in the fruit from the three origins,mainly including caprylic acid,caproic acid,capric acid,methyl caprylate,ethyl caprylate,4-pentenyl caproate,3-methylbutene-2-enyl caprylate,methyl caproate,ethyl caproate,methyl caprate and hexyl caproate.[Conclusions]The types and contents of volatile components in fresh fruit of M.citrifolia from different origins were significantly different.

福建百香果果实品质优势区域划分

研究旨在通过开展福建不同百香果产区果实品质研究,获得福建百香果优势种植区域,为引导果农优势发展提供指导。以福建省不同产地的‘福建百香果1号’和‘福建百香果3号’为材料,使用主成分分析法对百香果品质进行综合评价,通过品质测定分析比较不同产地百香果果实品质的差异。结果表明,不同产地百香果品质之间存在差异,其中单果重、可食率、糖酸比为影响果实品质的主要因素。延平种植的‘福建百香果1号’单果重和可食率最高,且极显著高于新罗。糖酸比最高的为新罗(3.03),其次为尤溪、延平,古田最低。‘福建百香果3号’单果重最高为惠安(92.87 g),极显著高于华安、福安、武平;可食率最高为华安(55.26%),与福安(17.8%)差异达到极显著水平;糖酸比最高为惠安(6.79),极显著高于福安、华安和武平。‘福建百香果1号’综合得分最高的为延平(0.2194),最低为古田(0.1405)。‘福建百香果3号’综合得分最高华安、惠安(0.2461)。福建地区百香果果实品质与产区纬度有相关性,而与经度关系不明显;‘福建百香果1号’品质最佳种植区域为25°—26°N,‘福建百香果3号’为25°N左右。在适宜纬度范围内一定海拔高度的区域,不仅有利于提升果实品质,而且可能具有降低百香果高温障碍的效果。

基于顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同产地黄金百香果的代谢组学分析

该实验使用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术对来自3个不同产地黄金百香果果肉的挥发性代谢物质进行了定性和定量分析。共鉴定出183种与香气相关的挥发性代谢物质,分成14类,其中酯类最为常见,占38%。通过主成分分析方法分析挥发性成分,结果显示来自不同地区的样品被分为3组。正交偏最小二乘法判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)分析表明该模型稳定,可用于筛选挥发性代谢物质的差异。通过OPLS-DA模型分析3个比较组中的挥发性代谢物质,筛选出投影中的可变重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP)值≥1,且P<0.05的成分,主要包含酯类和萜类等物质,可用于后续研究。结果表明不同产地的黄金百香果挥发性代谢物质存在差异,该研究可为黄金百香果的产地鉴别和品质评价提供参考。

赣西与赣南地区‘纽荷尔’脐橙果实品质比较

对江西省赣西地区(上高县和靖安县)和赣南地区(南康区、信丰县)纽荷尔脐橙成熟果实的外观品质及果肉的TSS、糖、酸、Vc等内在品质指标进行了分析和测定。结果表明:4个产地的纽荷尔脐橙果实单果重、外观色泽、TSS、TA、TSS/TA和Vc含量差异显著。进一步采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对果实糖、酸组分含量进行测定,结果发现4个产地的纽荷尔脐橙果实蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、柠檬酸、奎尼酸、酒石酸、苹果酸等有机酸同样存在明显差异。综合分析认为4个产地的纽荷尔脐橙果实外观形态、果皮色素含量及果实品质均存在差异,与赣南地区纽荷尔脐橙果实相比,赣西地区果实具有高酸、高Vc的特点。

同位素技术在水果及制品产地溯源中的应用研究进展

随着生活水平的不断提高,果品因其营养丰富在农产品生产和消费中所占的比重逐渐增大,其质量安全已经成为消费者关注的焦点,消费者更加在意产品的来源。目前越来越多的国内外学者投入到农产品产地溯源技术研究中,而同位素技术则因其独特性被认为是植物性产品产地溯源的有效分析手段之一。我国在该方面研究起步较晚,且已有研究多集中于粮食、茶叶、畜产品、水产品等方面,有关水果及制品产地溯源方面也有报道,但均不系统。笔者比较了植物性农产品产地溯源中常用技术的优势及不足,分析了同位素技术在植物产品产地溯源中应用的理论基础,列举了C、H、O、N、S、Pb、Sr、B等常用同位素在产地溯源技术中的应用意义及其特征,综述了同位素技术在葡萄、苹果、柑橘、大枣等果品产地溯源中的已有应用,剖析了其在产地溯源中应用的优势及局限性,并对同位素技术在水果及产品产地溯源中应用前景进行展望,以期推动我国水果及制品产地溯源技术研究工作不断深入,促进同位素溯源技术在食品质量安全及控制领域的研究和应用。

度尾文旦柚裂果发生过程中裂原的发生与消长

以度尾文旦柚为试材,采用石蜡切片法,研究了度尾文旦柚裂果发生过程中裂原的发生与消长,及用度柚6号授粉对度尾文旦柚裂原发生与消长的影响。结果表明度尾文旦柚人工授粉与否都有裂果发生的潜在,即都存在裂原。度尾文旦柚在果实成熟过程中裂原不断发生并朝外发展引发了裂口的出现。人工授粉处理的在裂原出现的早期就受到木质部管胞捆绑而没有向外发展,减少了裂果的发生。

基于物联网的果园实蝇监测系统的设计与实现

为大范围和准确监测果园实蝇的发生,设计了基于物联网的果园实蝇监测系统。该系统由智能捕虫器、监测终端、远程终端及移动终端组成,安装在果园的多个智能捕虫器和监测终端构成星形短程无线通信网,监测终端将收集的实蝇信息通过GSM/GPRS服务发送至远程终端及移动终端。智能捕虫器包括太阳能电池板、支架、捕虫器壳体及安装于壳体内部的光电检测电路、微处理器、短程无线通信模块、锂电池充电电路等功能电路,采用成本较低且稳定性较高的红外光电对管检测进入捕虫器的果园实蝇;监测终端包括微处理器、短程无线通信模块和GSM/GPRS模块。基于μC/OS–II实时操作系统设计了智能捕虫器和监测终端的应用软件。系统验证试验结果表明,智能捕虫器平均工作电流为97 m A,监测终端在GSM/GPRS模块休眠和工作时的电流分别为60 m A和328 m A,2种设备的工作电流消耗均低于各自电池的供电能力,实蝇监测准确率可达94.23%。

香蕉全果原汁贮藏期间的非酶褐变分析

为更好控制香蕉全果原汁的贮藏褐变现象,探讨香蕉全果原汁在贮藏期间的褐变规律。香蕉全果原汁褐变指数随贮藏温度提高及贮藏时间延长而增大。香蕉全果原汁的非酶褐变符合零级动力学模型,褐变反应活化能为75.752kJ/mol,比果肉原汁活化能低,显示香蕉全果原汁比果肉原汁更易发生非酶褐变。贮藏期间果汁成分的变化及通径分析显示,20℃及35℃贮藏条件下,酚类物质是影响香蕉全果原汁贮藏期间非酶褐变最主要的因素。

不同产地桑葚中总黄酮含量的测定

为控制桑葚制剂质量的稳定性,采用分光光度法对不同产地桑葚药材中总黄酮含量进行分析比较。以芦丁为对照品,亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠为显色剂,测定波长为501 nm,芦丁浓度在0.008 18-0.049 06 mg/mL范围内吸收值与浓度具有良好的线性关系（r=0.9997）,平均加样回收率分别为103.30%、104.03%和105.83%,RSD值为2.65%、2.86%和2.27%（n=9）。该分析方法简单快速、准确可靠,可用于桑葚中总黄酮成分含量的测定。分别测定了8个不同产地药材中的总黄酮含量,含量范围为0.653-2.074 mg/g。结果表明,不同产地桑葚中总黄酮含量差异较大,说明环境综合机制对桑葚中总黄酮含量有明显影响。

“桑葚”与“桑椹”源流辨析

桑树的果实被写作＂桑葚＂或＂桑椹＂,究竟是＂桑葚＂还是＂桑椹＂？在语言文学及科学研究、中医药典籍、食品名称的术语中均没有统一的记载。本文尝试依据史上有关文字记录探讨＂葚＂、＂椹＂两种写法的流变,通过查阅各代字典、词典,文学诗词作品,中医药书籍和农书中的有关记载,追根溯源,认为＂葚＂为本字,＂椹＂为＂葚＂的借字。

天然孳息的属性和归属

天然孳息是原物的天然派生物。原物与派生物都是有主物。天然孳息是有体物、独立之物、动产,可以是特定物,也可以是种类物。天然孳息可以由所有权人取得,也可以由用益物权人和用益债权人取得。担保物权人对天然孳息只是收取占有,而非取得所有权。天然孳息的取得是原始取得。

不同胞外酶与桑黄子实体形成关系的研究

对桑黄子实体形成过程中3种主要胞外酶活性分别进行测定,结果表明纤维素酶活力是桑黄菌丝长势的标志,纤维素酶活力越高,菌丝长势越好;蛋白酶活力与子实体形成有密切关系,当蛋白酶活力达到峰值时产生子实体;漆酶活力在桑黄发育过程中表现的非常弱(OD值小于0.1),说明桑黄对木质素的代谢能力较弱。同时通过对还原糖的测定得到还原糖浓度和菌丝生长量及生长速度有直接关系,且还原糖浓度高低与纤维素酶的活性成正比,说明桑黄菌利用纤维素作为主要碳源。