Control of gain and thermal carrier loss profiles for mode optimization in 980-nm broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Optical gain and thermal carrier loss distributions regarding current diffusion and various electric contact areas are investigated to improve the near-field modes from the ring-shape to a Gaussian-like configuration for extra-broad-area and oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In this work an equivalent circuit network model is used. The resistance of the continuously-graded distributed Bragg reflectors （DBRs）, the current diffusion and the temperature effect due to different electric-contact areas are calculated and analyzed at first, as these parameters affect one another and are the key factors in determining the gain and thermal carrier loss. Finally, the gain and thermal carrier loss distributions are calculated and discussed.

Evolution of Xanthomonas Gene Content:Gene Gain/Loss History and Species Divergence

Horizontal gene transfer （HGT） plays key roles in the evolution of pathogenetic bacteria, especially in pathogenetic associated genes. In this study, the evolutionary dynamics of Xanthomonas at species level were determined by the comparative analysis of the complete genomes of 15 Xanthomonas strains. A concatenated multiprotein phyletic pattern and a dataset with Xanthomonas clusters of orthologous genes were constructed. Mathematical extrapolation estimates that the core genome will reach a minimum of about 1 547 genes while the pan-genome will increase up to 22 624 genes when sequencing 1 000 genomes. The HGT extent in this genus was assessed by using a Markov-based probabilistic method. The reconstructed gene gain/loss history, which contained several features consistent with biological observations, showed that nearly 60% of the Xanthomonas genes were acquired by HGT. A large fraction of variability was in the clade ancestor nodes and ＂leaves of the tree＂. Coexpression analysis suggested that the pathogenic and metabolic variation between Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae might due to recently-transferred genes. Our results strongly supported that the gene gain/loss may play an important role in divergence and pathogenicity variation of Xanthomonas species.

Gain/loss effect on a bright solitary wave in a cigar-shaped attractive condensate in the presence of an expulsive parabolic potential

Taking into account both gain/loss and time-dependent atomic scattering length, this paper analytically derives an exact bright solitary wave in a cigar-shaped attractive condensate in the presence of an expulsive parabolic potential. Due to the balance of the scattering length and gain/loss, the bright solitary wave is shown to have constant amplitude. Especially, it is found that the bright solitary wave is accelerated by expulsive force, whose velocity can be modulated by changing the axial and transverse angular frequencies. The results are in good agreement with the experimental observations by Khaykovich et al （2002 Science 296 1290）.

Responses of Carbon Sink of Ecosystem Vegetation to Land Use Changes in Kunming City

[Objectives]To analyze the relationship between the land use pattern and the carbon sequestration level of the ecosystem vegetation in Kunming City,and to provide a certain reference for optimizing the land ecological use pattern and scientific carbon reduction and sequestration.[Methods]Based on remote sensing data,meteorological data,vegetation data and soil data,the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA)was adopted to estimate the vegetation net primary productivity(NPP)in Kunming during 2005-2020,and then the vegetation carbon sink was calculated through the plant mortality model.Besides,it established the land use transfer matrix of Kunming City,and analyzed the change characteristics of the carbon sink of ecosystem vegetation in Kunming City under the influence of land use changes.[Results]During 2005-2020,the water area,construction land and unused land area in Kunming increased by 43.52,710.51 and 2.8 km 2,respectively;farmland,woodland and grassland decreased by 269.72,140.20 and 347.03 km 2,respectively;farmland,woodland,grassland,water area,construction land and unused land caused a total of 58212.72 t of vegetation net carbon sink loss in land conversion,accounting for 14.88%,25.23%,11.95%,10.58%,37.09%,and 0.26%,respectively.[Conclusions]This study is expected to help to improve the ecological carbon sequestration capacity of Kunming and promote the sustainable development of land resources.

Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women: Effects of a Dietary Weight Loss Program

Epidemiological studies showed an association between menopause, weight gain and risk factors that identify the metabolic syndrome (MS). We evaluated body composition and metabolic risk factors in postmenopausal women addressed to a center for the assessment of nutritional status to lose weight by hypocaloric balanced diet. 161 postmenopausal women were enrolled. MS diagnosis was made applying IDF (International Diabetes Foundation) criteria. After the prescription of hypocaloric diet all subjects were controlled every 2 months. In patients suffering from MS (MS+) at the first visit, diagnosis of MS was reassessed when 10% weight loss was achieved. 70 women were MS+. Years since menopause, low instruction level, obesity and Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) were each associated with MS. Particularly, BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2 (OR: 2.61;95% CI, 1.76 - 3.46) and VAT > 6.6 cm (OR: 3.49;95% CI, 2.52 - 4.46) resulted independent risk factors. The 30% of the whole sample dropped out, the reminders significantly reduced weight, waist circumference (Wc) and Fat Mass (p 0.01). The 35% of MS+ women achieved the 10% weight loss with significant reduction of VAT, Wc, fasting glucose, tryglicerides, blood pressure and resolution of MS in the 78% of them. The 43.5% of postmenopausal women addressed in one center for the assessment of nutritional status to follow a weight-loss nutritional program had the MS;visceral obesity was the strongest independent risk factor and hypocaloric balanced diet resulted a good strategy to lose weight and treat MS.

Determination of Array Gain of Single Hop to Achieve the Performance of a 2-Hop Wireless Link

In adaptive beamforming system adaptive algorithm of digital filter is applied to update the weighting vector of the antenna elements to get antenna gain along the desired direction and attenuation along the jammer. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the threshold gain of the adaptive beam former along the line of sight (LOS) between the transmitter and the receiver (including jammer suppression) to make the single hop link comparable with 2-hop link. The single hop and 2-hop communication systems are compared in context of symbol error rate (SER) under fading condition theoretically and verified by simulation. Finally we evaluate the numerical value of threshold gain of adaptive beamformer of two antenna elements under Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading conditions.

Effects of Shuanghuanglian Propolis Oral Liquid on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Broilers

[Objective] The paper was to investigate the effects of adding Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of broilers. [Method]Ninety one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into three groups（ group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ） ： group Ⅰ was the control group,and groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were added 0. 5 and 1. 0 mL / L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water,respectively.[Result] Compared with broilers in group I,the average daily feed intakes of broilers in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were increased by 0. 86%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 1. 10%（ P 〉 0. 05）,respectively; the average daily gains were increased by 2. 33%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 4. 43%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the feed gain ratios were decreased by 1. 05%（ P 〉0. 05） and 2. 63%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the slaughter rates were increased by 0. 94%（ P 〉0. 05） and 1. 70%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the eviscerated rates were increased by 0. 52%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 1. 15%（ P 〉 0. 05）,respectively; the semi-eviscerated rates were increased by 1. 51%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 2.23%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the breast muscle rates were increased by 3. 77%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 5. 51%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the leg muscle rates were increased by 1. 96%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 4. 09%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the lightness（ L＊） were decreased by 0. 96%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 1. 47%（ P 〉 0. 05）,respectively; the redness（ a＊） were increased by 1. 24%（ P 〈 0. 05） and 1. 86%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively; the yellowness（ b＊） were decreased by 0. 44%（ P 〉0. 05） and 1. 03%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the drip losses were decreased by 1. 22%（ P 〈0. 05） and 1. 56%（ P 〈0. 05）,respectively; the cooking losses were decreased by 1. 76%（ P 〉 0. 05） and 2. 89%（ P 〈 0. 05）,respectively. [Conclusion]Adding 0. 5 and 1. 0 mL / L Shuanghuanglian propolis oral liquid in drinking water could improve growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality of broilers,and the dose of 1. 0 mL / L is recommended in clinical application.

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF MULTI-STEP AMPLITUDE QUANTIZATION WEIGHTED 2-D SOLID-STATE ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY ANTENNAS

An aperture design technique using multi-step amplitude quantization for two-dimensional solid-state active phased arrays to achieve low sidelobe is described. It can be applied to antennas with arbitrary complex aperture. Also, the gain drop and sidelobe degradation due to random amplitude and phase errors and element (or T/R module) failures are investigated.

Comparative Analysis on Antenna Balun and Feeding Techniques of Step Constant Tapered Slot Antenna

This paper represents the performance analysis of the different shapes of antenna balun and feeding techniques for step constant tapered slot antenna. This work also addresses the benefits of antenna balun (circular and rectangular) along with two types of feeding techniques (Microstrip line L-shape and Microstrip line I-shape). The performance of the antenna for each technique is thoroughly investigated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio software simulation under the resonant frequency of 5.9 GHz. Results demonstrate that the proposed model is an effective tool for improving antenna performance. Moreover, an extensive comparison has been carried out between the two different shapes, with and without antenna balun and between two feeding techniques focusing on return losses, gain, directivity, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).

Global parameter estimation of the Cochlodinium polykrikoides model using bioassay data

Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a notoriously harmful algal species that inflicts severe damage on the aquacultures of the coastal seas of Korea and Japan. Information on their expected movement tracks and boundaries of influence is very useful and important for the effective establishment of a reduction plan. In general, the information is supported by a red-tide（a.k.a algal bloom） model. The performance of the model is highly dependent on the accuracy of parameters, which are the coefficients of functions approximating the biological growth and loss patterns of the C. polykrikoides. These parameters have been estimated using the bioassay data composed of growth-limiting factor and net growth rate value pairs. In the case of the C. polykrikoides, the parameters are different from each other in accordance with the used data because the bioassay data are sufficient compared to the other algal species. The parameters estimated by one specific dataset can be viewed as locally-optimized because they are adjusted only by that dataset. In cases where the other one data set is used, the estimation error might be considerable. In this study, the parameters are estimated by all available data sets without the use of only one specific data set and thus can be considered globally optimized. The cost function for the optimization is defined as the integrated mean squared estimation error, i.e., the difference between the values of the experimental and estimated rates. Based on quantitative error analysis, the root-mean squared errors of the global parameters show smaller values, approximately 25%–50%, than the values of the local parameters. In addition, bias is removed completely in the case of the globally estimated parameters. The parameter sets can be used as the reference default values of a red-tide model because they are optimal and representative. However, additional tuning of the parameters using the in-situ monitoring data is highly required.As opposed to the bioassay data, it is necessary because the bioassay data have limitations in terms of the in-situ coastal conditions.

大风扰动对深空探测大天线指向的影响分析

深空测控通信通常采用提高载波频率、增大抛物面天线口径等措施来增强设备的跟踪性能,但同时带来了天线的半功率波束宽度变窄、动态特性降低和天线抗阵风扰动能力变弱等问题。大风扰动引起的天线变形和指向偏差会导致深空探测的增益损失,增益下降会引起测控跟踪不稳定、数据误码率增加、接收机失锁和遥控无法完成等情况,影响测控任务的正常执行。针对大风扰动对我国某深空站转台式35 m A-E座架双反射面天线执行深空探测任务的影响,通过实测数据统计分析了场区全年风速、风向的变化特点,对跟踪弧段内风速与天线指向角度误差数据进行了对比分析,仿真计算了在不同风速、风向情况下天线指向角度误差及对上下行测控链路增益的影响,结合设备现有技术设施,提出了在执行实时任务中的应对策略,降低了大风扰动对测控任务的影响,提高了设备任务执行能力。

输入电压波动下变模态宽增益谐振变换器研究

针对传统LLC谐振变换器在宽输入下开关损耗过大、增益范围较窄、难以保持输出稳定的问题,研究一种变模态宽增益谐振变换器。该变换器及其控制策略能够依据输入电压的大小,在全桥和半桥两种模态之间自由切换,有效拓宽电压增益范围。通过对变换器谐振腔结构的优化,进一步拓宽增益,减小能量循环、降低开关管损耗,同时能够在电流传输中引入三次谐波,降低损耗。利用基波近似法对电压增益进行推导,绘制增益曲线图,分析谐振参数对电压增益的影响,根据需求设计合适的参数,并运用变频控制,通过调节输入电压,使得变换器运行在不同模态,实现电压平稳输出。搭建一台55~220 V输入、30 V输出的300 W实验样机,实验结果证明了所提变换器控制策略的有效性。

Multiple intron gain and loss events occurred during the evolution of Cenp-A gene

Centromere protein A(CENP-A) is a histone H3 like protein,and it plays a very important role in chromosomal segregation during mitosis and meiosis.The analyses on the exon-intron organization of the Cenp-A gene in representative genomes revealed that multiple intron gain and loss events have occurred during the evolution of Cenp-A gene in opisthokonta(common ancestor of fungi and animals).Moreover,our results revealed that at least two positions were conserved in the intron gain and loss events during the evolution of the Cenp-A gene.

InGaN/GaN量子阱悬空微盘发光二极管

设计并制备了三种不同结构的电泵浦InGaN/GaN量子阱微盘发光器件,对其光增益和光损耗进行了分析和优化。以p型层的结构为分类标准,器件Ⅰ为圆柱形;器件Ⅱ为器件Ⅰ的悬空结构;器件Ⅲ是悬空的圆环形结构。实验和仿真结果表明,三种器件结构中,器件Ⅱ的结果最好。电极布局为内p外n型的圆柱形器件表面电流分布能够保证发光区和微腔高增益区重合,悬空结构能够降低微盘在垂直方向上的光损耗,有利于更好的光学增益。考虑到共振模式,器件Ⅱ在注入电流大于0.7 mA时,器件Ⅱ实现了峰值波长为408.2 nm、半峰宽为2.62 nm的振荡模式输出。这种电泵浦InGaN/GaN量子阱悬浮微盘二极管器件的设计思路对电泵浦微盘或微环激光器的研制具有重要参考意义。

Long way up:rethink diseases in light of phase separattion and phase transition

Biomolecular condensation, driven by multivalency, serves as a fundamental mechanism within cells, facilitating the formation of distinct compartments, including membraneless organelles that play essential roles in various cellular processes. Perturbations in the delicate equilibrium of condensation, whether resulting in gain or loss of phase separation, have robustly been associated with cellular dysfunction and physiological disorders. As ongoing research endeavors wholeheartedly embrace this newly acknowledged principle, a transformative shift is occurring in our comprehension of disease. Consequently, significant strides have been made in unraveling the profound relevance and potential causal connections between abnormal phase separation and various diseases. This comprehensive review presents compelling recent evidence that highlight the intricate associations between aberrant phase separation and neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. Additionally, we provide a succinct summary of current efforts and propose innovative solutions for the development of potential therapeutics to combat the pathological consequences attributed to aberrant phase separation.

非流动资产处置损益对企业盈余管理的影响研究

对财政部发文新增的“资产处置损益”科目和利润表“资产处置收益”列报项目给企业盈余管理带来的影响进行探究。新准则的实行细化了会计核算的程度;提高了各类非流动资产处置损益列报的一致性,但扰乱了利润的构成逻辑;赋予了上市公司利用非流动资产处置损益进行盈余管理更大的空间,对整个市场和单个企业的净利润都有影响。提出会计准则应明确资产处置损益的属性、信息使用者应排除非经营性损益的干扰、企业应重视可持续发展能力的建议。

路易·艾黎汉诗翻译得失论析

路易·艾黎先生一生共翻译中国诗歌13部,在西方世界产生了积极的影响,获得了广泛的赞誉。丰富多样的选诗标准、自由体的翻译风格、直白流畅的语言特色、再加工创造的翻译方式,这些都是其汉诗翻译的优势所在。同时,受语言的不对等性、译者的翻译理念、译者的翻译目的及译者的个人原因等因素的制约,他的翻译也出现了一些误差,存在不足。比如:内容上,翻译失真,误读原作;形式上,随意分行,失去美感。对其翻译成绩,我们应充分肯定;对于失误,我们也要客观指出。只有这样,才能找到一条更适合中国诗歌尤其是古诗的翻译路径,从而为中国诗歌及更多作品的外译提供借鉴和帮助。

思无邪:《酌雅诗话》的诗学思想及其得失

陈伟勳《酌雅诗话》以“思无邪”为言诗极则,所得与所失亦因其对“思无邪”之说的推崇而形成。《酌雅诗话》谨奉孔子“思无邪”一语以为论诗圭臬,极力主张诗歌思想的纯粹端正,虽然于具体讨论中常有拘陋之弊,但崇儒守正的基本思想保证了其有所得。与此同时,正因为《酌雅诗话》过度注重诗人的儒家主体人格修养、过度重视文学作品的儒家思想、过度阐释一些诗学概念,因此确确实实又让《酌雅诗话》形成了“固执”的弊病,甚至由此导致许多评论和判断的失误。《酌雅诗话》的诗学思想及其得失是清代中后期主流诗歌思想的缩影。