An Analysis on the Disparity of the Private Investment in Human Capital between Urban and Rural Residents in Guangxi

The constant growth of human capital is the essential force of Economic growth. The deep research on private investment in urban and rural human capital in Guangxi is necessary for developing economy and narrowing urban-rural gap. Through the analysis on the historic statistics, it is found that there were disparities total quantity and investment structure of private investment in human capital of urban and rural residents. By using the ELES model, the marginal investment trend, investment demand, elastic income, own-price elasticity and mutual-price elasticity of private investment in human capital of urban and rural residents are analyzed. It is pointed out that income is the key factor that affects the private investment in human capital of urban and rural residents. In Guangxi, the private investment and marginal investment in human capital of urban and township residents are higher than that of rural residents;the own-price elasticity and mutual price elasticity of rural residents' private investment in human capital are all higher than that of urban residents'.

Investments in Human Capital： Elements of Investments, Their Valuation, and the Related Financial Performance Ratios

Investments in human capital （employees） include investments in the direct assurance of working abilities, investments in health and well-being, and investments in loyalty to the company. These investments are crucial for the long-term existence and development of a company, but their value is not disclosed on the assets side of the classical balance sheet. The most important argument of the mentioned approach＇s promoters is that the economic benefits stemming from such investments are uncertain. However, investments in human capital are those with the highest long-term benefits for the company. Therefore, human capital is the only element of the business process that can add value. Other elements （equipment, materials, and services） just transfer their value to products and services. In this paper, the elements of investments in human capital and the methods used to evaluate these investments are addressed. In addition, uniquely shaped financial performance ratios related to investments in human capital are presented along with the system of integrated ratios.

The Effect of Expected Lifetime Income on Students' Human Capital Investment Decision-making after Nine-year Compulsory Education

Using data from duo-teacher program, I use the mixed logit model and nested logit model to estimate the effect of expected lifetime income on students' human capital investment decision-making after nine-year compulsory education. The result of the mixed logit model shows that one percentage point increase of expected lifetime income will increase students' 3.98 percentage points' probability of choosing corresponding choice, while the nested logit model shows the marginal effect of 4.38. Fathers' educaiton, family income and students' academic performance have significantly positive effect of students' choice probalitiy of going to normal high school and accepting secondary vocational education, which is consistent with the previous literature.

A Panel Data Analysis of the Impact of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Remittances and Foreign Aid on Human Capital Growth and Brain Drain in Africa

The main purpose of this research was to analyze the impact the Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and foreign aid have had to human capital growth (HCG) and brain drain. The study data were collected from five African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, and Morocco) from 2009 to 2018. Secondary sources were used in data collection, then autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling was used in the analysis. Before modelling was done, co-integration tests and panel unit were applied. The results revealed that Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid had a significant and positive impact on HCG in the long but not the short-run. Besides, remittances, Chinese FDI, and foreign aid demonstrated significant negative impacts on brain drain in the long term, not in the short term. This study makes important practical and theoretical contributions about the roles of Chinese FDI, remittances, and foreign aid in the reduction of brain drain and the growth of human capital.

The Expanding Analysis of Enterprise＇s Human Capital Investment Value

Value is the scale that appraises whether the comparison between a certain thing and its realization which we need to consume is rational. The paper appraises the investment value and incomes of human capital by applying value engineering method. It elaborates the investment structure and contents of human capital first, and then analyzes and summarizes various functions of enterprise＇s human capital. It educes the production function and the optimum equilibrium solution of human capital on this basis. Finally, it appraises the investment value of human capital by applying VE method. Thus we will apply a new method in the human capital field.

Empirical Study on the Relationship between Farmers' Human Capital Investment and Rural Poverty

Literatures about the relationship between human capital investment and rural poverty are reviewed.According to the time-series data from 1990 to 2007,VAR model and variance decomposition research are used to study the relationship between household human capital investment and rural poverty.Result shows that there is long-run equilibrium relationship between household human capital investment and rural poverty.Educational investment and health investment have significant impacts on the alleviation of rural poverty;while migration investment does not have significant impact on the alleviation of rural poverty.Among the factors causing poverty fluctuations,educational investment has greater impacts on poverty fluctuations than health investment in the short run,but health investment has greater impacts on poverty fluctuations than educational investment in the long run.Based on this,related countermeasures are put forward,such as further increasing the investment in education and health,implementing the compulsory education and social security system,consolidating the rural cooperative medical care,improving the retirement pension system in rural areas,and perfecting the training and technical extension system for rural population under the poverty line.

Effects of Human Capital Investment on Entrepreneurial Capability of New Generation of Migrant Workers——An Empirical Study Based on Questionnaire Survey in Chongqing

With the transformation of China's economy,the new generation of migrant workers quickly entered the labor market and gradually became the main body of supply in the labor market. Based on the relevant theory of human capital investment and the survey of the current situation of entrepreneurial ability of the new generation of migrant workers,through building the human capital investment linear regression model,this paper analyzed the different variables for human capital investment of the new generation of migrant workers from the quantitative perspective. It found that the educational level is the largest factor influencing their entrepreneurial ability. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for improving the entrepreneurial ability of the new generation of migrant workers.

Human Capital Investment and an Analysis of Its Progressive Profit

Skilled labor force cultivated through putting in funds and time in their education are undoubtedly essential in the operation of sophisticated machines in production, but it is so also in the creation of new ideas and methods in production and other economic activities, and ultimately in the promotion of the progressive increase of material capital. Thus strengthening the investment of human capital and enriching the stock of human capital is of primary importance, especially for China, in the 21st century.

Investment Problems of China Rural Human Capital

The rural human capital refers to the condensation of the physical body, knowledge, skills, and all the abilities that can improve the capacity of the rural labor productivity. The ability is a form of human capital stock and it plays an important role in China＇s development of rural economy and society, but at present the situation of investment in human capital in rural areas is not optimistic. A lot of problems need to be solved such as the inadequate total investment and the irrational structure, as to these issues, strategies and recommendations were proposed in order to strengthen the human capital investment.

The Cause Analysis of College Student Human Capital Depreciation in China

Human capital depreciation can be divided into stock depreciation and utility depreciation, which will cause the waste of human capital investment, and let human capital value fail to fully embody, affecting social development. In the critical time of China facing population aging and economic transformation, as the new human capital of the labor market, college students play an important role to social and economic development. Therefore, preventing and mitigating their human capital depreciation is necessary. This article focus on human capital investment and configuration stage, analyze the influence of unreasonable human capital investment system and separate labor market segmentation system to college student human capital depreciation, and put forword the corresponding countermeasures.

Natural resource dependence, public education investment,and human capital accumulation

This paper examines the relationships between natural resource dependence, public education investment, and human capital accumulation. It addresses why the “blessing” of abundant natural resources often turns into a “curse” in many countries and regions, focusing on the crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital. According to our empirical analysis of provincial panel data from China, natural resource dependence is significantly and negatively correlated with human capital accumulation. The crowding-out effect of natural resources on human capital exists only in the central and western regions of China. Our introduction of an interaction term for natural resource dependence and public education investment underscores the possibility of investing in public education to reduce the crowding-out effect of natural resource dependence on human capital. The government should utilize the income of the natural resource sector to increase investment in education to enhance local human capital.

The Way to Improve the Human Capital in the Rural and Pastoral Area in Tibet

The human capital in the rural and pastoral area in Tibet is scarce at present and the investment in human capital faces many difficulties. It is urgent to optimize the education structure, intensify professional training, cultivate the transferring of labor force and pay attention to the child care. The fundamental measure is to establish the concept of "being equipped with the ability to study, work and to be rich", and is to carry out "fundamental education and agricultural education".

An Analysis of the Factors Impacting Employee’s Specific Investment

The amount of specific investment from employees is limited,and the reasons of the under-investment from employees are analyzed in this paper.Based on the relationship of the specific investment and the employee demission,an empirical study has been conducted focusing on the factors influencing the employee turnover and the specific investment.A theoretical model of the factors influencing employee's specific investment is given.

Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in the East African Community(EAC):Empirical Evidence from Burundi

This study analyzes how Foreign Direct Investment affects the rate of economic development among nations in the EAC with the empirical evidence of Burundi.The paper indicates that there is a link between foreign direct investment(FDI),gross domestic product(GDP),human capital,and openness with support of yearly time-series data from 1989 to 2017.The results from the Vector Error Correction Model(VECM)analysis technics discover that all the variables in long-term they move together.The findings also discovered that there is short-term causality running from GDP and human capital to FDI and no short-run causality found from openness to FDI as a result of Burundi’s policies that do not implement market seeker FDI.For VECM validation,the paper went through some post estimation diagnostic tests such as Lagrange multiplier tests and Jarque-Bera test,the results did not indicate any autocorrelation among the variables as the residuals were normally distributed.Openness being an important factor to attracting foreign investors,it is very crucial for Burundi to revise its trade policies and encourage a conducive environment that promotes foreign investment penetration by promoting and encouraging both domestic and foreign investors and keep improving human capital for more FDI attraction as a goal for Burundi economic growth.

A Probe into the Oriented Management Mode of"Human Resource Return"

At the present stage,each big enterprise bases itself on the human resource inside the enterprise,increases the human capital investment one after another,pays attention to the human capital investment and the talented person education and training.This paper analyzes how the return on human capital investment is realized in the enterprise and how the enterprise realizes the highest return on human capital investment.

Difficulties and Countermeasures of Rural Human Settlement Environment Governance in Tianjin

The course of rural human settlement environment governance in Tianjin could be roughly divided into four stages:germination,initiation,promotion and deepening.After the development for nearly 20 years,rural human settlement environment governance of Tianjin is faced with many difficulties,such as imperfect village construction planning,poor use effect of sewage facilities,low participation of farmers,and insufficient financial investment.Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,such as scientific planning and overall consideration,innovating financing mechanism,encouraging diversified investment of funds,and strengthening the publicity of rural human settlement environment governance.

人力资本、技术差距与OFDI逆向技术溢出效应

本文用中国省际面板数据研究了我国OFDI逆向技术溢出效应,及人力资本水平所致的绝对吸收能力和国内外技术差距所致的相对吸收能力对其单独影响和综合影响。结果表明,我国OFDI对国内全要素生产率和技术进步有显著的逆向溢出效应,同时对技术效率的提高具有显著的负面作用。并且以上逆向溢出效应受国内人力资本和国内外技术差距的影响:其他因素不变,技术差距变小时逆向溢出效应增大;其他因素不变,人力资本(在门限值以上)提高时逆向溢出效应增大;两者的综合作用是人力资本只在技术差距小时才影响逆向溢出,技术差距大时,其作用几乎不显著。结论表明,只有同时改善人力资本和技术差距,即同时提高绝对吸收能力和相对吸收能力,才能促进OFDI产生更大的逆向溢出效应,特别是对技术效率的逆向溢出。

对工作年龄段人群的保障:现状、效果及国际比较

加强社会保障力度是实现共同富裕的重要途径。本文将保障对象区分为工作年龄段人群和退休年龄段人群,分析中国的保障制度和再分配效果,并与国际发展经验进行比较。由于工作年龄段人群兼具就业和人力资本投资双重特征,并且家庭人力资本投资存在劳动力收入与人力资本投资需求之间的时间错配,对于这类人群的保障可将保障目标从生活保障扩展到人力资本投资保障。中国社会保障体系着重于兜底保障和生命周期的消费平滑功能,如果要进一步扩大保障范围以提高再分配的力度,需要为工作年龄段人群提供更多保障性支付。对社会保障规模和再分配效果的分析及与国际发展经验比较发现,目前中国社会保障体系存在对工作年龄段人群保障规模和保障项目严重不足、再分配效应小、保障水平与家庭经济状况之间错配等问题。社会保障政策的改革重心是扩大对工作年龄段家庭的保障,综合考虑这类家庭的人力资本投资需求,在政策设计时要强调激励机制,避免福利依赖,提高社会保障的再分配效率。

OFDI逆向溢出的人力资本要素门槛效应分析——基于技术势差视角的研究

人力资本对于OFDI的技术创新逆向溢出以及母国创新能力提升存在重要关联,目前我国OFDI存在回馈母国技术提升的人力资本水平累积、技术水平趋近的双门槛及跨越难题。在与技术势差交叉作用过程中,人力资本对母国OFDI逆向技术溢出形成了与研发创新间的替代;母国各区域与东道国的技术势差越小,人力资本逆向溢出形成的区域创新能力贡献越大,两者差距的动态趋近,推动了人力资本因素对于母国技术创新逆向溢出贡献的增进。尽快缩减我国与东道国间人力资本投资累积以及技术势差水平,有助于提升母国人力资本的OFDI逆向技术溢出效能。

行业吸收能力差异如何影响中国OFDI的逆向技术溢出?

采用DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法衡量各行业的TFP及其分解指数——技术进步变动(TC)和技术效率变动(EC),选取2004—2015年中国11个行业向14个代表性国家OFDI的面板数据,利用国际研发溢出模型检验贸易依存度、人力资本、研发投入和经济发展水平四个吸收能力指标对中国OFDI逆向技术溢出的影响,发现各个行业的吸收能力都在一定程度上促进了中国OFDI的逆向技术溢出。进一步地,以TFP作为被解释变量,利用Hansen门槛模型研究发现:超过门槛值之后,各个吸收能力对逆向技术溢出的影响更加显著,但一些行业目前依然没有超过门槛值。