The nation-wide iron ore exploration is primarily based on aeromagnetic survey,based upon which a series of ground follow-up and drilling examination were carried out,and then reconnaissance and detailed investigation...The nation-wide iron ore exploration is primarily based on aeromagnetic survey,based upon which a series of ground follow-up and drilling examination were carried out,and then reconnaissance and detailed investigation and exploration were fulfilled.However,for some large.展开更多
International political economy has already been shown to be powerful to explain the global trade growth. In this paper we offer a brief survey of international political economy of trade policy. In addition to this, ...International political economy has already been shown to be powerful to explain the global trade growth. In this paper we offer a brief survey of international political economy of trade policy. In addition to this, we also try to address three questions： （1） How does electoral competition affect trade policy？ Suppose two parties compete for the power over trade policy, would the two parties choose the same tariff？. （2） We observe that the US tariffs decline over time, so do the declining U.S. tariffs lead to the fall of the Democratic vote share in the election？ （3） What is the relationship between trade globalization and political liberalization？ Put it another way, how does trade affect democracy？ And conversely, how does democracy affect trade？展开更多
Based on a new panel data set covering exports of four Chinese port cities to 32 countries and Hong Kong over the period of 1997-2008, this paper extends the conventional gravity model to assess the impacts of transpo...Based on a new panel data set covering exports of four Chinese port cities to 32 countries and Hong Kong over the period of 1997-2008, this paper extends the conventional gravity model to assess the impacts of transport costs and port efficiency on China＇s exports. The results can be summarized as three main findings： （1） The improvements of port efficiency and reduction of road transport costs play a vital role in China＇s export competitiveness in the global market. The coefficient estimates on them are relatively large, around 0.72 and -0.89, respectively; （2） The effect of transport costs and port efficiency on China-to-Asia exports significantly exceeds that on China-to-Europe and China-to-America exports; （3） The overall estimated elasticity of road, railroad and port measure is 1.66, which is almost three times that of the average wage of port cities. The empirical results provide strong evidences that upgrading China＇s transport service networks should offer greater scope for maintaining and increasing its competitive edge in low cost productions. The findings offer some insights and priorities for government policy making.展开更多
Long-term droughts significantly impact surface and groundwater resources in India,however,observed changes in major river basins have not been well explored.Here we use Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)and Standa...Long-term droughts significantly impact surface and groundwater resources in India,however,observed changes in major river basins have not been well explored.Here we use Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)at three different time scales(24,48,and 60 months)to identify long-term droughts in India for the observed record of 1951-2015.Drought characteristics(extent,events,frequency,and intensity)are analyzed for different river basins in India.Increasing trend in the areal extent of droughts is observed in two methods with three time scales in the maximum area(63.66%)in India.We use the data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)to estimate the changes in the terrestrial water storage(TWS)during the period 2002-2015.We identify that major long-term droughts in India occurred from 1966 to 1969,1972,1986-1987,and 2002-2004.The all-India average TWS shows a negative trend from 2002 to 2015 with prominent decline in north Indian river basins and positive trend in south Indian river basins.SPI and SPEI at longer time scales are positively associated with TWS indicating the adverse impacts of droughts on surface and groundwater resources in such a populated region.展开更多
文摘The nation-wide iron ore exploration is primarily based on aeromagnetic survey,based upon which a series of ground follow-up and drilling examination were carried out,and then reconnaissance and detailed investigation and exploration were fulfilled.However,for some large.
文摘International political economy has already been shown to be powerful to explain the global trade growth. In this paper we offer a brief survey of international political economy of trade policy. In addition to this, we also try to address three questions： （1） How does electoral competition affect trade policy？ Suppose two parties compete for the power over trade policy, would the two parties choose the same tariff？. （2） We observe that the US tariffs decline over time, so do the declining U.S. tariffs lead to the fall of the Democratic vote share in the election？ （3） What is the relationship between trade globalization and political liberalization？ Put it another way, how does trade affect democracy？ And conversely, how does democracy affect trade？
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71101142 and 70903067
文摘Based on a new panel data set covering exports of four Chinese port cities to 32 countries and Hong Kong over the period of 1997-2008, this paper extends the conventional gravity model to assess the impacts of transport costs and port efficiency on China＇s exports. The results can be summarized as three main findings： （1） The improvements of port efficiency and reduction of road transport costs play a vital role in China＇s export competitiveness in the global market. The coefficient estimates on them are relatively large, around 0.72 and -0.89, respectively; （2） The effect of transport costs and port efficiency on China-to-Asia exports significantly exceeds that on China-to-Europe and China-to-America exports; （3） The overall estimated elasticity of road, railroad and port measure is 1.66, which is almost three times that of the average wage of port cities. The empirical results provide strong evidences that upgrading China＇s transport service networks should offer greater scope for maintaining and increasing its competitive edge in low cost productions. The findings offer some insights and priorities for government policy making.
文摘Long-term droughts significantly impact surface and groundwater resources in India,however,observed changes in major river basins have not been well explored.Here we use Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI)and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)at three different time scales(24,48,and 60 months)to identify long-term droughts in India for the observed record of 1951-2015.Drought characteristics(extent,events,frequency,and intensity)are analyzed for different river basins in India.Increasing trend in the areal extent of droughts is observed in two methods with three time scales in the maximum area(63.66%)in India.We use the data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)to estimate the changes in the terrestrial water storage(TWS)during the period 2002-2015.We identify that major long-term droughts in India occurred from 1966 to 1969,1972,1986-1987,and 2002-2004.The all-India average TWS shows a negative trend from 2002 to 2015 with prominent decline in north Indian river basins and positive trend in south Indian river basins.SPI and SPEI at longer time scales are positively associated with TWS indicating the adverse impacts of droughts on surface and groundwater resources in such a populated region.
