The impact of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

Study on the Efficacy Claim and Evaluation Method of Lip Cosmetics

To study the efficacy of lip moisturizing cosmetics and explore the methods for evaluating their efficacy.The claimed efficacy and number of claimed efficacy of 44 lip moisturizing cosmetics were investigated,and a combination of in vitro and human testing was used to evaluate the efficacy of the lip moisturizing cosmetics.The efficacy claims of lip cosmetics mainly included 4 categories of moisturizing,repairing,soothing and anti-wrinkle,with 79.55%of the products claiming 3~4 categories of efficacy.In the in vitro test,the cell morphology of the skin damage model improved and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors decreased significantly.In the human trial,the water content,skin softness and brightness L value of the cuticle of the lips increased significantly in 31 subjects,and the transepidermal water loss,redness a value,and the area and volume of lip wrinkles decreased significantly;the dryness of the lip skin and the uniformity of the skin texture improved significantly.The dryness of lip skin and the uniformity of skin texture were significantly improved.The results show that the moisture content of the stratum corneum can be used to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of lip products.The transepidermal water loss,skin color,skin softness and expert assessment can be used to evaluate the repairing efficacy.The observation of cell morphology of skin damage models and the detection of pro-inflammatory factor content can be used to evaluate the soothing efficacy.The area and volume of lip wrinkles can be used to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of products.

Guarantee Strategy for the Safety of Agricultural Industry in Hunan Province

The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In view of this,Hunan Province should guarantee the agricultural production ability,cultivate and enhance the core competitiveness of agriculture,firmly grasp the agricultural control power,attach importance to the export quality of agri-cultural products and other aspects to ensure the safety of agricultural industry.

The Present Situation of Chattel Guarantee System and Its Improvements—Taking the Angle of American Uniform Commercial Code(UCC)

Although there are appropriate stipulations for the chattel guarantees in the law of China, this guarantee system could not adapt to the request of economy's development because of the following reasons: the scope of chattel guarantees is narrow according to relevant stipulations; the transaction cost of the chattel is high; mortgage registration of chattel is in a mess; lack of efficiently executive guarantee system, etc. To counter the problems existing in the present Chinese chattel guarantee system, in this article, the author proposed some corresponding suggestions and countermeasures, hoping to perfect the chattel guarantee system in China.

From Passion to Profession Technical colleges offer youngsters more options to realize their potential

At the 47th WorldSkills Competition,held in Lyon,France,in September,22-year-old Zhao Zhijun claimed the championship in the Electrical Installations event.Zhao was not only the third consecutive champion in this event to come from China,but also the third consecutive champion produced by Yancheng Technician College(YTC)in Yancheng,Jiangsu Province.

Pragmatist View of Human Rights:Theoretical Explanations of China’s Human Rights Practice

The pragmatist view of human rights represents a the-oretical condensation of the Chinese practice in human rights devel-opment.In view of the problem of circular idling between rights and claims caused by the traditional view of human rights of focusing on contents and not valuing implementation,social segmentation caused by empty talks on interests and claims while ignoring social develop-ment,and the phenomenon of the issue of human rights completely becoming empty and useless political rhetoric,the pragmatic view of human rights,based on the fact that there is a gap between the claims and realization of human rights,emphasizes that instead of blindly ex-panding the types of rights in term of text,it is better to base on prac-tice and promote the maximum realization of existing rights through development.The pragmatist view of human rights attaches impor-tance to relevant economic,social and cultural basis to promote the realization of human rights,rather than only focusing on the claims themselves;it pays greater attention to enhancing the realization of rights,rather than the distribution of rights under the total limit;it ad-vocates more for cooperativism in the realization of rights,rather than confrontation.The pragmatic concept of human rights takes Marxism as its theoretical basis and the gene of practice and the dimension of development as its theoretical characteristics,and promotes the devel-opment of human rights through the realization of rights.

EXPECTED PRESENT VALUE OF TOTAL DIVIDENDS IN THE COMPOUND BINOMIAL MODEL WITH DELAYED CLAIMS AND RANDOM INCOME

In this paper, a compound binomial model with a constant dividend barrier and random income is considered. Two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined, where every by-claim is induced by the main claim and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The premium income is assumed to another binomial process to capture the uncertainty of the customer＇s arrivals and payments. A system of difference equations with certain boundary conditions for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin is derived and solved. Explicit results are obtained when the claim sizes are Kn distributed or the claim size distributions have finite support. Numerical results are also provided to illustrate the impact of the delay of by-claims on the expected present value of dividends.

A Statistical Analysis of Intensities Estimation on the Modeling of Non-Life Insurance Claim Counting Process

This study presents an estimation approach to non-life insurance claim counts relating to a specified time. The objective of this study is to estimate the parameters in non-life insurance claim counting process, including the homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) and the non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) with a bell-shaped intensity. We use the estimating function, the zero mean martingale (ZMM) as a procedure of parameter estimation in the insurance claim counting process. Then, Λ(t) , the compensator of is proposed for the number of claims in the time interval . We present situations through a simulation study of both processes on the time interval . Some examples of the situations in the simulation study are depicted by a sample path relating to its compensator Λ(t). In addition, an example of the claim counting process illustrates the result of the compensator estimate misspecification.

Sliding mode control of supercavitating vehicles in the vertical plane using guaranteed cost theory

This paper focuses on robust control problems for supercavitating vehicles in the vertical plane. Firstly, for the mathematical model with mismatched uncertainties, the robust sliding mode function is designed based on the guaranteed cost theory, and a sufficient condition for the existence is given in terms of linear matrix inequality （LMI）. Secondly, a continuous sliding mode controller is proposed to handle the nonlinear, time - varying behavior of the vehicles. Simulation results demonstrate that the system responds rapidly and has good robust stability. Therefore, it provides theoretical references for further study on control problems of supercavitating vehicles.

On the analysis of the construction of the quality guarantee system of web based College English teaching

With the quick development of the reform of College English teaching, web based College English teaching is used and generalized in every institution of higher education. However, more attention should be paid to the teaching quality to develop this web based College English teaching model. Therefore, the construction of the quality guarantee system is of major significance to promote the effective design of web based College English course system and improve the quality of web based College English teaching.

On the Expected Present Value of Total Dividends in a Risk Model with Potentially Delayed Claims

In this paper, we consider a risk model in which two types of individual claims, main claims and by-claims, are defined. Every by-claim is induced by the main claim randomly and may be delayed for one time period with a certain probability. The dividend policy that certain amount of dividends will be paid as long as the surplus is greater than a constant dividend barrier is also introduced into this delayed claims risk model. By means of the probability generating functions, formulae for the expected present value of total dividend payments prior to ruin are obtained for discrete-type individual claims. Explicit expressions for the corresponding results are derived for K n claim amount distributions. Numerical illustrations are also given.

Analysis on the Guarantee for the Quality Safety of Agricultural Products by the Farmer Professional Cooperative

Decentralized production model of small peasant household is main threat for China food safety source. By using the advantage of farmer professional cooperative in controlling the quality of agricultural products,its dilemma at the guarantee aspect of agricultural product quality safety is analyzed,and the guaranteeing measures of farmer professional cooperative for quality safety of agricultural products are proposed,which has an important significance for improving quality safety of agricultural products.

Identification of the Credit Guarantee Network of Steel Trade Enterprises in China

The risk points in the credit guarantee network of steel trade enterprises were identified by using the network analysis method in this paper. Firstly, the formation and operation mechanism of steel trade credit guarantee network was analyzed.Secondly,a guarantee network was established to analyze the related network structure indexes based on the mutual guarantee data of 83 enterprises in a steel trade market. These indexes included centrality,honest broker,and structural hole. The results suggest that network analysis method can be used to find out the risk points of the guarantee network. Additionally,some recommendations are brought forth to reduce or prevent future crises.

Impact of relative contraindications on the use, benefits, and risks of anticoagulant prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: analysis of a claims database

Background: Many individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF) do not receive recommended anticoagulant prophylaxis for stroke prevention. The study investigators attempted to assess whether the presence of relative contraindications (RCIs) to anticoagulation with warfarin might contribute to this, and to assess the risks and benefits of prophylaxis in patients with RCIs. Methods: Study investigators identified patients with established non-valvular AF and flutter in a claims database. Operationally defined RCIs included, in order of clinical severity: (1) prior intracranial hemorrhage;(2) gastrointestinal bleeding or esophageal varices;(3) neurological disorder;and (4) dizziness. Nonfatal events were attributed to warfarin if patients had an appropriate claim in the previous month. Results: A total of 67,082 AF patients were eligible for analysis, including 50,485 (75.3%) in the prevalent cohort. Warfarin exposure during the study period was 68% in the prevalent cohort. At baseline, 50.5% of prevalent cohort patients had one or more RCIs. Patients with RCI had higher prevalence of stroke risk factors (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) compared to those without RCI. Patients with RCIs often received warfarin and had lower rates of ischemic stroke than those who did not. Conclusions: These results suggest that RCIs do not account for underutilization of anticoagulant prophylaxis in AF patients. Further, the benefit/risk aspects of anticoagulation for stroke prophylaxis may be favorable for many patients with RCIs.

Estimates for the ruin probability of a time-dependent renewal risk model with dependent by-claims

Consider a continuous-time renewal risk model, in which every main claim induces a delayed by-claim. Assume that the main claim sizes and the inter-arrival times form a sequence of identically distributed random pairs, with each pair obeying a dependence structure, and so do the by-claim sizes and the delay times. Supposing that the main claim sizes with by-claim sizes form a sequence of dependent random variables with dominatedly varying tails, asymptotic estimates for the ruin probability of the surplus process are investigated, by establishing a weakly asymptotic formula, as the initial surplus tends to infinity.

An adaptive mechanism to guarantee the bandwidth fairness of TCP flows

End-to-end TCP (transmission control protocol) congestion control can cause unfairness among multiple TCP connections with different RTT (Round Trip Time). The throughput of TCP connection is inversely proportional to its RTT. To resolve this problem, researchers have proposed many methods. The existing proposals for RTT-aware conditioner work well when congestion level is low. However, they over-protect long RTT flows and starve short RTT flows when congestion level is high. Due to this reason, an improved method based on adaptive thought is proposed. According to the congestion level of networks, the mechanism can adaptively adjust the degree of the protection to long RTT flows. Extensive simulation experiments showed that the proposed mechanism can guarantee the bandwidth fairness of TCP flows effectively and outperforms the existing methods.

The Domination for Evaluation of the Contingent Claims by Nonlinear Generator

In this paper,through applying the result of backward stochastic differential equations,it investigates a domination for pricing of the contingent claims by the use of nonlinear infinitesimal generator of process X. This domination provides a guide for valuing the price of the position on the financial market.

The Prediction of Non-Life Claim Reserves under Inflation—An Analysis including Diagonal Effects

The extraction of various reserves is one of the most important measures that guarantee insurance companies’ solvency. Accurate assessment of non-life insurance claim reserves needs to consider the volatility risks of inflation. This paper presents a stochastic model of claim reserves including inflation factor and diagonal effects. By applying this model, we can predict the values of the claim reserves and evaluate predicting risks. Through analyzing actual data and using the bootstrap method, we can compare Bornhuetter-Ferguson method involving diagonal effects with chain ladder method. It is shown that the former is more efficient and robust than the latter.

Double Misplaces of SOE＇s Ownership and the Loss of Claim Rights

Modem enterprise theory defines onterprise＇s ownership through the concepts of residual rights of control and claim to residue. It also believes that when they are in homologous, the ownership of enterprise can be arranged in the best place. When the enterprise is under normal run, shareholders are its owner, but when it goes into bankruptcy, claimers should take place of shareholders becoming the owner of the enterprise. But in China, the ownership of state-owned enterprise （SEE） goes into double misplaces. Management controls the enterprise under the normal run, which leads salaries to seize the earnings and share equities. The state who acts as the shareholder not only lessens investments but also fixes its earnings as much as possible. It gives up the claim to residue, which leads claimers to bear the enterprise＇s residual risks （when the residual income is negative）. When the enterprise goes into bankruptcy, as the shareholder, the state determines whether it can exist or not in order to maximize its own utility. Rights of claimer are being seriously damaged as they can be manipulated freely in the enterprise. Banks＇ bad debts are also in an extremely high level. In this article, the author will establish a model and use the relative data to do technical analysis.

Study on Urban Resilience Based on the Analysis of Supply Guarantee Facilities during Epidemic Closure—A Case Study of Shanghai in 2022

In the case of major public emergencies, the ability of cities to resist shocks becomes very important and reflects urban resilience. This paper selected the supply guarantee facilities during the city-wide lockdown of Shanghai during March-May 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic as the research object. In this research, the per capita supply guarantee capacity and supply guarantee overlay intensity were analyzed based on the official list of facilities, and the actual role of the supply guarantee facilities was investigated through a public research questionnaire. The thermodynamic diagram map that was generated based on phone visits reflected the actual distribution of the population. Then the level of “supply guarantee resilience” was evaluated and graded for each district of Shanghai. It was concluded that the overall level of supply guarantee resilience was high in the central city, divergence in the near suburban districts, and generally low in the remote suburban districts. Based on this, the paper summarized the problems of supply guarantee revealed in Shanghai during the epidemic lockdown as well as proposed strategies to improve the resilience of similar scenarios in the future. With the help of big data and public research tools, this paper aimed to provide ways and methods to evaluate the resilience of cities under major public emergencies.