The Research on Land-Use Change and Ecological Environment Effect of Urban Landscape in China

The rapid expansion of urban construction land has become the major characteristic of urban land-use change in China today. Meanwhile, the rapid urbanization process has led to the great changes of urban landscape in China, and it also has had certain impacts on environmental factors such as climate, soil, hydrology, biodiversity, etc., then it has made the overall ecological environment deteriorated. This study is based on the summary and analysis of research on land-use change and ecological environment effect of urban landscape in recent 20 years in China, and it aims at providing scientific bases and theoretical supports for the planning and construction of urban landscape, the sustainable land-use of city and the protection of ecological environment in China.

On the Ecological Landscape Design of Urban Bridges in Chongqing City

This paper elaborated the special geological conditions of Chongqing City and the characteristics of urban bridges formed by natural environment, and put forth the ecological landscape design ideas of urban bridges. 3 principles of ecological landscape design were presented including paying attention to the creation of great environment, focusing on the comparison and harmony between natural and artificial factors and seeking for simple lines and unified colors, and the application of ecological landscape design principles in constructing ecological landscape of bridges in Chongqing City was analyzed. By discussing the existing problems of ecological landscape design of bridges in Chongqing City, some suggestions were summarized, which were expected to produce positive effects for the researches of ecological landscape design of bridges.

Landscape changes and their ecological eff ects of Miaodao Archipelago with human disturbances and under natural conditions in the past 30 years

The modern landscape patterns of islands usually show obvious spatial heterogeneity and complex ecological effects due to the vulnerability of ecosystems with natural characteristics under increasing human activities.In this work,we studied the variation in landscape pattern of the Miaodao Archipelago in Bohai Sea,North China,from 1990 to 2019,and an evaluation index system was established to explore the impacts of natural conditions and human disturbances on the ecological effects in the pressure-state-response(PSR)framework.Empirical analysis was conducted on the natural conditions,human disturbances,and ecological effects.The results show that forest was the main component of the landscape pattern in the archipelago.Both of the areas offorest and construction land were increasing,and the areas of cropland and grassland were declining.Other landscape types changed slightly,and the landscape fragmentation was increasing.The natural condition exhibited positive effects while human disturbance showed negative effects on the local ecology.Human disturbances come mainly from shoreline use while the natural conditions were mainly from the elevation change.The ecological effects were resulted mainly from the net primary productivity and water yield.

ECOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE EFFECTS OF WINDBREAK SYSTEMS IN DESERT ZONE OF WESTERN CHINA

This paper, by applying the theories of landscape ecology, illustrates the role and mechanism of windbreak system in the establishment and maintenance of oasis ecosystem on the basis of systematic analysis of characteristics and ecological crises of China's desert, and especially of desert zone in western China. Furthermore, direct economic benefits are summarized.

Discussion on Landscape Restoration Design of Construction Waste Treatment Field——A Case Study of Construction Waste Treatment Field on Lower Wei Mountain in Shenzhen City of China

By landscape restoration design and through creation of natural landscape,obvious artificial traces in construction waste treatment field on lower Wei Mountain of Shenzhen City had been eliminated and the treatment field became coordinating with surrounding landscape.The landscape had been identified as evergreen deciduous mingled forest,characterized by flower sea,colored patches and rich seasonal change.The mountain had been divided into upper and lower part to build ecological forest zone of field type and ecological forest zone of city background type respectively,forming "small community and large mingled forest" and "large community and large mingled forest".By taking plants' flowering pe-riod and color difference into comprehensive consideration,seasonal and color change of landscape forest would be manifested,forest landscape patches with distinctive characteristic would be built in large scale,and forest line and seasonal landscape would be enriched.By adopting mixed forest,and using ecological dam,coverage on sloping field,soil reclamation and greening irrigation,landscape restoration effect of integration of close view and distant view would be created finally.

Researches of Street Greening Landscape Based on Plant Diversity Investigation in Jingzhou

Street greening effectively embodies the ecological and landscape functions of plants,and is of great significance to regional maintenance and ecological protection.In this study,an evaluation system was constructed based on plant diversity,and typical sampling method was used to study the landscape and evaluate the ecological function of main roads in Jingzhou City.The results showed that:①the average species richness of the 14 plot roads was 2,and the average Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) and average Pielou evenness index (Jsw) were 0.892 and 0.911,respectively;due to single street landscape and high homogeneity of landscape,there is a lack of landscape characteristics in Jingzhou;②the ecological functions of five streets were compared:shading > dust fall > humidity elimination > noise reduction > temperature reduction;street greening has significant shading effect and certain dust retention effect.The investigation and research will provide reference and improvement suggestions for street greening construction in Jingzhou City in the future.

巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异特征

基于地形位梯度深入探究巢湖流域景观生态风险的分布特征,对于制定小流域生态风险规避措施和未来发展策略具有重要意义。采用景观格局指数和生态风险指数来展示研究区内景观格局和生态风险的演变机理,利用地形位指数和分布指数强化地貌描述,开展巢湖流域景观格局和生态风险的时空分异研究。结果表明:巢湖流域以低等级地形为主;在低、中低等级地形区内,人类活动干扰逐步增强,景观不规则程度加深;较低风险等级区对于高等级梯度空间具有更强的适应性,而高风险区域更多地分布于低等级地形位;景观生态风险等级变化中,以稳定型为绝对主导分布。巢湖流域在未来规划中要因地施策,注重水生态环境改善,严守生态红线,并防止过度扩张破坏生态。

生态触媒视角下滨河区活力营造的设计策略探究——以昆明官渡区巫家坝滨水河道区为例

滨河地区生态资源的策略性利用对营造空间活力和促进地区健康发展有重要影响。研究通过分析“城市触媒理论”和“生态触媒效应”的实践应用,结合昆明官渡区巫家坝滨水河道区的资源特征,探索以“生态触媒效应”拓展城市设计思维和提高滨河地区活力的相关设计策略。在区域层面,基于生态触媒效应,定位地块生态功能,营造环状活力滨水空间;在基地层面,利用触媒的激发效应、缝合效应和链条效应,从文化景观节点、生态环境系统和线性滨河空间三个角度提出设计策略,以期在发挥生态触媒价值的同时为地区注入更多活力。

立体空间视角下景观生态风险时空演化及影响因素分析

综合探究修河流域景观生态风险时空演化特征及其影响因素对构筑区域国土空间生态屏障,优化生态风险管理机制具有重要意义。该研究以平原山地混合分布典型区修河流域为例,以2002、2007、2012、2017、2022年为研究时点,在测度景观生态风险指数的基础上,借助空间自相关、地形梯度分级等模型综合探究区域景观生态风险时空演化特征,并采用最优参数地理探测器识别其影响因素。结果表明:1)2002—2022年,修河流域景观生态风险指数呈下降趋势,低风险与中-低风险区域共增加491.89 km^(2),高风险与中-高风险区域共减少926.17km^(2),生态风险基本由高风险向低风险等级转移。2)修河流域景观生态风险在水平尺度上呈空间正相关性,局部集聚特征主要以“高-高”“低-低”为主;垂直空间上,景观生态风险呈明显地形梯度效应,高风险区在低地形梯度范围内呈优势分布,低风险区在中高地形梯度范围内呈优势分布。3)景观生态风险易受多维因素的影响,各时期地形因子、人类干扰指数、年均温等因素的影响效应始终较强;因子间的交互作用后对景观生态风险的解释力显著增强。研究结果可为流域生态风险管控及生态空间布局优化提供有益参考。

浅析生态理念下的城市园林景观设计

全球生态气候条件的不断恶化,自然生态平衡也遭到了破坏,人们在这个现实条件下越来越重视周围的环境变化,所以我们的景观设计要融入生态理念,遵循自然规律,加强环境保护,从不同方面出发在景观园林设计中越来越多地运用自然的理念,让在城市生活的人们不管是逛公园,还是走在道路上,或者是出门遛弯都能感受自然带给我们的生机和活力,让生活中的压力烟消云散,人们的身心都有一个放松的地方。

最优尺度下新安江流域景观生态安全格局及其影响因素

新安江流域作为首个跨省生态补偿政策试点,其政策实施对于地区城市整体生态治理具有正向促进作用,分析新安江流域城市政策实施前、中、后期的景观生态风险时空演变趋势及驱动因素,可为该地区及同类区域生态治理及风险防范提供科学支撑。基于2000、2010、2020年三期土地利用遥感数据,寻求评价景观生态风险的最优尺度,分析其时空演变趋势,并借助地理探测器计算空间因子的影响程度。研究表明:研究区最优研究尺度为粒度70 m、幅度11 km;2000—2020年,研究区景观生态风险显著降低,较高以上风险区面积大幅缩减,生态风险呈显著的空间正相关性,且相关程度不断减弱,高值聚集区逐渐减少;研究区内土地利用强度与坡度对景观生态风险驱动效应最强,各因子交互探测时可显著提高解释能力。研究区各市景观生态风险空间差异显著,需加强对草地、水域景观整体性的维护,进一步加强新安江流域城市生态稳定性,同时应考虑地区用地结构及风险状况,针对性采取风险治理措施。

城市生态景观建设在空气污染净化中的积极作用研究

为改善城市居住环境,城市生态景观建设在空气污染净化中作用分析十分必要。以某研究区为例,分类识别景观类型并统计土地覆盖面积,计算生态景观格局指数,描述景观建设情况。采集6种空气污染物浓度数据并计算空气污染指数,描述空气污染情况。利用皮尔森相关分析法计算生态景观建设与空气污染之间的相关性系数,明确其作用。结果表明:皮尔森相关系数均非0且为负数,证明生态景观格局建设对空气污染具有积极净化作用;生态景观格局指数与一氧化碳污染的负向相关性最强,说明生态景观建设对一氧化碳污染的净化作用最为明显。

东营市和谐路南侧绿化工程景观设计探索

文章针对东营市和谐路南侧绿化工程展开了景观设计探索,通过深入分析树种适应性、景观效果和生态效益等要素,提出了设计方法,包括土壤分析和改良、选择多样性树种以及考虑树木的成熟高度和树冠形态等,并对地形塑造和土方平衡方案进行了设计,以创造丰富的地形和景观层次。

西宁地区干旱浅山生态景观林效果分析与评价

本文以西宁干旱浅山区的12个不同立地条件样地为研究对象,开展样地现状及树种配置模式调查,并通过AHP分析法对12个样地生态景观林进行综合评价。结果表明:青海云杉+暴马丁香+山杏样地的综合评价指数为1.2193,景观效果最佳;其次为青杨+祁连圆柏+油松样地、山杏+北美海棠+油松样地、木梨+油松样地、河北杨+祁连圆柏样地综合应用价值较高,适宜在相似气候区干旱浅山生态景观林营造中推广应用。

阶梯式生态框挡墙在神仙岭排洪渠治理工程中的应用

通过介绍阶梯式生态框挡墙在神仙岭排洪渠治理工程中的应用,以及工程实施及完工后效果跟踪反馈,阐述阶梯式生态框挡墙在中小河流综合治理中除了具备传统挡墙挡土、护坡、排水等功能外,同时还具备了保护河道生态、增加河道景观效果等功能,符合国家相关生态文明建设要求。

生态理念在风景园林施工中的融入

随着时代不断发展和进步,园林技术也随之得到了很大的提升。而园林工程的完善可以帮助我国更好地满足可持续发展理念,实现绿色发展的目标。城市园林建设已经成为保护人类生存环境、维持生态系统良性循环的重要手段。因此,在城市风景园林设计过程中,设计人员应增强生态保护意识,完善生态资源保护措施,重视对自然资源的开发和利用。基于此,本文探讨并分析了低碳经济背景下城市园林绿化建设的建设思路及其有效措施,以期提供参考。

国省干线公路绿化养护中智能喷灌技术的应用研究

随着城市化和经济的飞速发展,国省干线公路的建设规模越来越大,对于绿化养护的要求也越来越高。传统的人工水车浇灌养护方式不仅效率低下、成本高昂还对水资源的浪费严重。而随着科技的发展和普及,智能喷灌技术成为了公路绿化养护的重要手段,也是提升水资源利用率的有效措施。本文结合福建三明市绿化用智能喷灌技术的应用实例详细分析智能喷灌系统的设计及应用流程。根据长期监测数据分析,在相同条件下,智能自动喷灌系统和传统浇灌方式投入成本相当,但节水效果明显,可节水16%-30%左右,智能自动喷灌系统不需要人工控制,节约人力成本更加可观。通过实际运行表明,该系统可以节约灌溉用水量,降低使用成本,增加城市景观效应,提高生态效益,具有推广和使用价值。

城市热岛的生态环境效应

城市热岛效应(Urbanheatislandeffect,简称UHI)是一种由于城市建筑及人类活动导致热量在城区空间范围内聚集的现象,是城市气候最显著的特征之一。热岛引起地表温度的提高,必将强烈地影响着城市生态系统的物流、能流,改变城市生态系统结构和功能,产生一系列生态环境效应,影响着城市气候、城市水文、城市土壤理化性质、城市大气环境、城市生物习性、城市物质循环、城市能量代谢以及城市居民健康等。提高能量利用效率、优化城市格局、建设绿色屋顶、采用高反射率地表材料以及增加城市绿地均可有效地控制城市热岛效应。利用遥感手段和数值模型技术,开展多尺度的城市热岛生态环境效应研究,为改善城市生态环境、实现城市可持续发展提供理论依据。

基于GIS的土地整理景观效应分析

以北京市怀柔区的土地整理项目为例,基于GIS,应用景观生态学方法,分析了土地整理前后的土地利用结构和景观格局变化。结果表明:(1)土地整理实施后,项目区超过70%的面积为耕地,其他土地利用类型多转变为耕地。(2)土地利用的斑块数量和斑块密度降幅超过50%;平均斑块面积、最大斑块面积和最小斑块面积分别增加1.2倍、0.4倍和79倍,而斑块面积变异系数降低了24.18%。(3)土地利用斑块形状变得简单规则、空间分布集中,景观边缘密度、形状指数和分离度指数明显降低,降幅超过29%,分维数略有降低,而聚集度升高。(4)土地整理在减轻景观破碎化的同时也降低了景观多样性,斑块类型丰富度指数降低14%,而Shannon与Simpson的多样性指数和均匀度指数的降幅超过30%。