Innovation of the New Superior Quality Foxtail Millet [<i>Setaria italica</i>(L.) P.Beauv] Variety-Jigu32 with Characteristics of Stress Resistance, Stable and High Yield and Its Physiological Mechanism

In main foxtail millet growing regions of China, natural disasters happen frequently, causing losses in production and finance. Therefore, it is urgently needed to breed new superior quality foxtail millet varieties with stress resistance, stable and high production, and, so as to stabilize millet production and promote millet industry development. Jigu32, a new foxtail millet variety with stable, high-yield and superior qualities, was developed using Target Character Gene Bank breeding method, and its physiological mechanism was studied as well. Results showed that the prominent characteristics of Jigu32 were as follows: 1) strong stress resistance and stable yielding;2) high yielding;3) rich calcium content and superior qualities;4) excellent comprehensive characteristics. In 2010 National Foxtail Millet Regional Trials, the weather was tough. Severe drought occurred in some experimental stations while in some others, continuous rain, low temperature and little sunlight appeared. However, with the outstanding stress resistance, Jigu32 achieved the highest yields, and the yields were very stable under different conditions. Per unit yield of Jigu32 reached to5133.3 kg/hm2, which was the highest in the trials, increasing 9.42% compared with the controls. Calcium content of Jigu32 was 121 mg/kg in the grain, and the taste, nutrition and commodity qualities were optimal. Therefore, Jigu32 was rated as the national secondary superior quality foxtail millet. The study showed that the physiological mechanism of Jigu32’s merits was based on the improved activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamic dehydrogenase (GDH), and on its higher absorption ability and conversion efficiency of N, P, K. POD, SOD and G6PDH of Jigu32 were more active in each development phase, leading to higher resistance to adversity and aging;glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) of Jigu32 were more active, resulting in higher assimilation and transformation ability of nutrients. It is of great significance to promote the development of Jigu32, and it will be beneficial to sustainable, stable agricultural development, and thus orderly and stably boost the development of the millet industry in our country. The research on its physiological mechanism of stable and high yielding will provide theoretical support while breeding new stable and high-yield foxtail millet varieties later.

The Edible and Medicinal Value of <i>Coix lacryma-jobi</i>and Key Cultivation Techniques for High and Stable Yield

In this paper, it was introduced that Coix lacryma-jobi is a traditional dual-use edible and medicine crops in China, and the nutritional components and medicinal value of Coix lacryma-jobi were described. Based on the published literature at home and abroad, a variety of chemical components found in Coix lacryma jobi and their medicinal effects were reviewed. At the same time, the problems existing in the production of Coix lacryma jobi were put forward. With the improvement of people’s living standards, the nutritional and health care value of Coix lacryma-jobi has been paid more and more attention. The problems of Coix lacryma-jobi in production were analyzed. Some biological characteristics of Coix lacryma-jobi, especially its hygrophyte characteristics, were re-recognized, which is very important to increase the yield of Coix lacryma jobi. In the paper, the key cultivation techniques for high and stable yield of Coix lacryma-jobi were also summarized. In order to obtain high quality, high and stable yield, we should adopt the new technical methods of “two wet, two dry and two water” in water management. At the same time, if artificial pollination is applied in the peak of flowering period, the seed setting rate and the yield will be increased.

Study on Matter Production and Population Photosynthetic Characteristics of High-yielding Spring Maize under Different Modes

In order to construct a good population structure, improve the light energy utilization ratio, and give a full play to the high-yielding potential of spring maize, the effects of maize variety, planting density and fertilizer management on matter production and population photosynthetic physiological indices of spring maize were investigated under three different modes （traditional mode, optimized mode and high- yielding mode）. The results showed that compared with those under the traditional mode, the yield of spring maize under the optimized mode and high-yielding mode was increased by 10.79% and 27.62%, respectively, and the barren tip length was reduced significantly. Among the three modes, the leaf area index （LA/）, leaf area duration （LAD）, dry matter accumulation （DMA） and crop growth rate （CGR） all ranked as high-yielding rnode＇s〉optimized mode＇s〉traditional mode＇s. In conclusion, optimized variety, appropriately increased planting density and strengthened fertilizer management are the key measures to obtain high yield of spring maize.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY[(METHYLSILYLENE ETHYNYLENEPHENYLENEETHYNYLENE)-CO-(DIMETHYLSILYLENE ETHYNYLENEPHENYLENEETHYNYLENE)]S

A series of poly[（methylsilylene ethynylenephenyleneethynylene）-co-（dimethylsilylene ethynylenephenyleneethynylene）]s were synthesized by the incorporation of various ratios of methylsilylene to dimethylsilylene units into the polymer chain backbone. The resultant copolymers were soluble in a variety of common organic solvents at room temperature. The copolymers were characterized by FT-IR, ^1H-NMR, GPC, rheological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The results showed that the copolymers exhibited good processability and cured at low temperatures like 200℃. The curing reactions involved in hydrosilylation of Si-H and alkyne groups and the polymerization of alkynes. Td5 （5% weight loss） of the cured copolymers ranged from 629℃ to 686℃, and the decomposition residues of cured copolymers at 1000℃ ranged from 88.1% to 90.9% under nitrogen. Thermal stability of the copolymers increased with the introduction of methylsilylene traits into polymer chains. The cured copolymers were sintered at 1450℃, and the results of X-ray diffraction analysis showed that β-SIC was formed in the sintered products.

Low-Temperature Processed Carbon Electrode-Based Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance and Stability

All-inorganic perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)have drawn widespread attention for its superior thermal stability.Carbon-based devices are promising to demonstrate excellent long-term operational stability due to the hydrophobicity of carbon materials and the abandon of organic holetransporting materials(HTMs).However,the difficulty to control the crystallinity process and the poor morphology leads to serious non-radiative recombination,resulting in low V_(OC)and power conversion efficiency(PCE).In this article,the crystal formation process of all-inorganic perovskites is controlled with a facile composition engineering strategy.By bromide incorporation,high-quality perovskite films with large grain and fewer grain boundaries are achieved.As-prepared perovskite films demonstrate longer carrier lifetime,contributing to lower energy loss and better device performance.Fabricated carbon-based HTM-free PVSCs with CsPbI_(2.33)Br_(0.67) perovskite realized champion PCE of 12.40%,superior to 8.80%of CsPbI_(3)-based devices,which is one of the highest efficiencies reported for the carbon-based all-inorganic PVSCs to date.The high V_(OC) of 1.01 V and FF of 70.98% indicate the significance of this composition engineering method.Moreover,fabricated carbon-based devices exhibit excellent stability,and unencapsulated device retains over 90%of its initial efficiency under continuous one sun illumination for 250 h in N_(2) atmosphere and keeps~84%of its original value after stored in ambient environment with RH 15–20% for 200 h.This work provides a facile way to fabricate high-performance and stable carbon-based all-inorganic PVSCs.

浅析羊肚菌稳产高产相关的科学技术问题

六妹羊肚菌(Morchella sextelata)、梯棱羊肚菌(M.importuna)和七妹羊肚菌(M.eximia)在我国已经实现商业化栽培,但依然无法稳产高产。笔者明确指出羊肚菌栽培面临的风险,剖析羊肚菌在遗传多样性、性亲和模式与生活史、菌核及菌霜生物学功能、营养吸收与转运机制、环境作用机制等方面需要研究的基本科学问题,明确羊肚菌在菌种质量管理、栽培场地适宜性评价、生长环境调控、田间精细管理等方面亟待突破的技术难题,阐述羊肚菌稳产高产栽培理论及关键技术的研究方向和目标。

连环湖大银鱼稳产水域中的浮游植物群落特征及水质状况

于2018年6月—2019年4月对连环湖大银鱼稳产水域阿木塔和牙门气湖区浮游植物群落特征及水质状况进行了调查研究。结果显示,浮游植物8门120种,密度和生物量的平均值分别为372.83×10^(4) ind·L^(-1)和2.8043 mg·L^(-1)。大银鱼生长(明水期)和繁殖孵化时期(冰封期)浮游植物群落特征不同,综合分析呈现以绿藻为优势的群落特征。综合3个多样性指数的结果表明,在明水期,浮游植物的多样性较高;在冰封期,其分布更为均匀。根据3个多样性指数和评价标准,显示大银鱼高产稳产水域水质在寡污型至α-中污型之间。

MgO膨胀剂对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)工作性的影响及其机理研究

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)因卓越的耐久性能和力学性能而在工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,UHPC收缩性较大,限制了其进一步推广和发展。氧化镁(MgO)膨胀剂具有膨胀稳定、活性可控的特点,并且与UHPC相适应,因此被视为有良好应用前景的UHPC膨胀剂。本研究旨在探讨不同活性和掺量的MgO膨胀剂对UHPC工作性的影响,并通过XRD和SEM等手段进一步解释不同活性MgO膨胀剂对UHPC工作性的影响机理。研究结果表明,在掺入MgO膨胀剂的UHPC中,在低速剪切下观察到剪切稠化现象,而在高速剪切下观察到剪切稀化现象。与水泥颗粒相比,MgO膨胀剂颗粒对水具有更强的吸附能力。因此,MgO膨胀剂的活性越高,UHPC的流动性降低越显著,且UHPC的动态屈服应力增加,这在实际工程中需要更多的泵送能量。

羊肚菌高产稳产栽培管理技术

探讨了羊肚菌栽培管理技术,重点分析了羊肚菌的生物学特性、生态需求,以及羊肚菌栽培面临的主要风险问题。对羊肚菌栽培中的环境变化与气候风险、病虫害防控问题,以及技术与创新的局限性进行分析,提出了针对环境控制、土壤优化和病虫害防控的优化策略,对羊肚菌高产稳产栽培管理技术的发展趋势进行展望,旨在提高羊肚菌的产量和品质,同时确保栽培的可持续性。

旱优3015在永定县种植表现及高产栽培技术

旱优3015是用沪旱7A与旱恢3015配组育成的籼型三系杂交节水抗旱稻新品种,2020年通过了国家农作物品种审定。2022年引进旱优3015在永定县坎市镇灌溉条件不保障的烟后稻区和复垦地作中稻种植,结果表现群体生长整齐、株型集散适中、分蘖力强、穗大粒多、耐旱抗倒、产量高。总结了旱优3015在永定县的种植表现和高产栽培技术。

基于GGE模型的甘薯品系产量性状和试验环境评价

为了综合评价甘薯区域试验品系基因型及基因型与环境互作关系,采用GGE双标图法对2020-2021年福建省甘薯区试2组优质淀粉新品系产量数据进行分析。结果表明:2020年‘泉薯26’丰产性最好,在漳浦、福州、泉州、莆田、三明和南平具有较强区域适应性,‘龙薯39号’丰产性和稳产性较好,是试验理想品系;2021年‘金薯43’丰产和稳产性最好,是试验理想品系,‘红金薯2号’具有较好丰产性,在宁德、龙岩、三明和福州具有较强区域适应性。此外,三明试验点在2年试验中具有较高鉴别力和代表性,是理想的试验点。GGE双标图法能够直观评价参试品系的产量特征和试验点的代表性,为客观评价甘薯新品系的高产性和稳产性提供简便、有效的分析手段。

小麦新品种淮麦1033的高产稳产及产量构成分析

淮麦1033是江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所培育的小麦新品种,利用2017—2019年国家冬小麦品种试验黄淮南片水地组区域试验数据,分析淮麦1033高产、稳产、适应性及产量构成。结果表明,淮麦1033平均成穗数605.88万个/hm^(2),穗粒数33.43粒/穗,千粒质量42.83 g,适应度为71.43%,高稳系数为85.7%。2017—2018年淮麦1033产量居第2位,稳定性居第3位,在16个试点中均有良好表现,具有高产、稳产的特点。淮麦1033产量与全生育期、株高、有效穗数、穗粒数呈显著正相关关系,有效穗数对产量的直接效应最大。因此,在淮麦1033的生产中,应在良好的栽培技术配合下保证有效穗数,充分发挥其多成穗的优势,适当提高穗粒数和千粒质量,兼顾产量3因素的协调发展。

高产稳产小麦新品种冀麦479的选育及育种策略

冀麦479是河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所选育的国审高产稳产冬小麦新品种(审定编号:国审麦20220045)。重点介绍了冀麦479的选育方法、品种特性、产量表现、栽培技术要点和育种策略,可为冀麦479推广种植提供信息参考,还可为高产小麦育种提供新思路。

超高性能混凝土的流变性能及其应用研究进展

综述了各种组成材料(水泥、矿物掺合料及纳米材料、骨料、纤维、外加剂)对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)流变性能的影响,并分析了UHPC在桥面铺装、预制拼装连接、预制构件、喷射加固修复、3D打印等不同应用领域下流变性能的要求,同时提出了改善UHPC流变性能的方法。

油茶高产稳产栽培技术初探

采用2 a生油茶良种容器壮苗造林,对主栽品种和配栽品种按照5︰1配置,株行距(2.5~3)m×3 m,造林时应适当深栽,基部培土成盘状,用除草布覆盖,提高成活率。通过施肥、整形修剪、病虫害防治等科学抚育管理措施,为潢川县油茶高产、稳产提供了科学依据。

小麦新品种郑麦9188高产稳产表现及遗传特性解析

依据中种联合体小麦品种试验黄淮南片水地组2年区域试验和1年生产试验汇总数据,分析了郑麦9188的高产稳产特性表现及产量三要素与产量的关系。结果表明,两年区域试验郑麦9188平均产量为7797.0 kg/hm^(2),比对照周麦18增产5.95%,差异极显著;区域试验和生产试验的平均高稳系数(87.2%)比对照高出约4.5个百分点;产量三要素与产量之间的相关系数为有效穗数(0.438)>穗粒数(0.352)>千粒重(0.322);产量三要素对产量的直接通径系数为有效穗数(0.470)>千粒重(0.374)>穗粒数(0.247),穗粒数通过有效穗数与千粒重对籽粒产量的间接通径系数均为正值(0.062和0.043)。依据郑麦9188及其亲本的标记检测结果,分析了郑麦9188中存在的重要农艺性状基因位点,郑9188聚合了7个抗条锈病QTL位点(QYrsn.nwafu-1BL、Yr29、QYrxn.nwafu-1BL、QYrqin.nwafu-2AL、QYr.nwafu-3BS、QYr.nwafu-4BL、QYrqin.nwafu-6BS)、2个抗叶锈病基因(Lr13和Lr67)、3个高粒重QTL位点(Tabas1、TaGS5-A1、TaGW2-6A),分子标记检测结果可部分解释郑麦9188条锈病和叶锈病的优异抗性及郑麦9188高千粒重特性。

野香优莉丝在政和县作中稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

野香优莉丝是广西绿海种业有限公司利用不育系野香A与恢复系R莉丝选育而成的感温型优质三系杂交稻新品种,2019年通过福建省引种备案。2021—2022年野香优莉丝在政和县中低海拔地区展示和示范,表现高产稳产、抗性好、米质优等特点,适宜作中稻推广种植。介绍了野香优莉丝在政和县作中稻种植表现及高产栽培技术。

核桃幼园套种条件下不同大豆品种高产稳产性及适应性分析

为筛选出适宜核桃幼园套种条件下的高产稳产且适应性好的大豆品种,以期提高商洛地区大豆的播种面积、产量和经济效益,采用显著性差异、变异系数、回归系数、高稳系数、聚类分析等方法综合评价了6个大豆品种的高产稳产性和适应性。结果显示:陕垦豆4号、陕豆125、齐黄34共3个品种为核桃幼园套种条件下高产稳产、适应性好的品种,且类群I(陕垦豆4号、陕豆125、齐黄34)平均株高为66.10 cm,平均单株荚数为81.53个,平均单株粒数为152.61粒,平均百粒质量为28.45 g,平均生育期为133.67 d的大豆品种及其类似品种在商洛核桃幼园套种条件下具有一定的优势。因此,陕垦豆4号、陕豆125、齐黄34,以及与其类似的品种可在商洛同类生态区核桃幼园中作为高产稳产大豆品种适当加以应用。本研究为商洛核桃幼园套种条件下大豆品种选择提供了理论参考。

叶尖小翼周向最宽位置对高负荷压气机级特性影响的研究

针对叶尖小翼扩稳技术,采用数值方法在改变叶尖小翼宽度的基础上,考虑了叶尖小翼几何形状的周向最宽位置对高负荷压气机级性能的影响。研究结果表明,叶尖小翼宽度越大且最宽位置靠近叶片两端时,压气机级的稳定工作裕度的提升越明显。叶尖小翼宽度为2.0倍叶顶宽度时,且周向最宽位置位于转子前缘25%轴向弦长时,叶尖小翼最多使叶顶泄漏流的质量流量减少了7.66%,提升了压气机级通道内流体的轴向速度,抑制了转子及静子叶片叶表的分离情况,从而延缓了压气机级的失速,压气机级的稳定工作裕度提升了29.18%。

基于GGE双标图的玉米丰产稳产及适应性研究

本研究旨在通过GGE双标图法(Genotype Main Effects and Genotype x Environment Interaction)探讨其对玉米新品种在高海拔地区黔西北的丰产性、稳产性和适应性的综合评价能力。研究选取了5个新的玉米组合,在7个不同试点进行了产量数据收集与分析。结果显示,这些试验点可以划分为2个主要的生态区。具体来说,盘州被识别为一个独立的生态区,而六盘水、赫章、大方、纳雍、水城和威宁则构成了另一个生态区。在所测试的玉米新组合中,‘惠农单5号’在高产和稳产方面的表现尤为突出。进一步的试验地点分辨力和代表性分析表明,盘州和大方这2个试验点的鉴别力强且具有较好的代表性。因此,本研究不仅为玉米新品种的综合评价提供了科学依据,还为未来试验地点的选择提供了重要的理论支持。