Soil and Water Resources and Land Sustainable Productivity in the Catchment Area with Intensive Management in Hilly Red Soil Regions,China

Taking an example of Majiayu Catchment Area (14.15 ha) in Taoyuan County of HunanProvince, the soil and water resources dynamics, fertility evolution characteristics andland productivity changing situation were studied. Fixed observation results from 1993to 2002 showed that pools covering about 15% of total area could store up 10% of surfacerunoff, keep 78.1% of eroded soil and 65.4% of lost nutrients. The yearly ratio ofinterception and evapotranspiration in land, storage in pools and drainage was 7:2:1,which ensured the resources and nutrients equilibrium and a benign recycle in thecatchment area system, and benefited the aquatic culture and helped to resist seasonaldrought. Moreover, the results showed that soil erosion modulus decreased significantly,equal to or lower than soil loss tolerance (≤500 tkm-2) in reddish yellow soil regions.Soil organic matter, total and available N content in sloping land, dryland and paddyfield increased steadily (>10%); water storage enhanced by more than 20% in sloping landand dryland in drought season; crop production increased by more than 20%; and productionof trees, fruits, tea and fish as well as land productivity increased yearly.

Effects of Inorganic-organic Incorporation on Productivity and Soil Fertility of Rice Cropping System in Red Soil Area of China

Results from ten-year (1990 - 1999) field experiments indicated that the productivity and the soil fertility of rice cropping system were significantly influenced by the fertilization system adopted in red soil area of China. Contrasting with no-fertili/er treatment (CK), yield-increase rate of organic matter cycling, chemical NPK and inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation treatments were 56.5% , 62.5% and 80.7% , respectively. In the case of optimum fertilization system, the largest contribution of inorganic fertilizer to the yield was 38.5% while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation was 44.7%. The content of soil organic matter changed in tendency from decrease to equilibrium with heightened the extent of N, P and K incorporation while that of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation could be enhanced further. After N, P and K entered into the rice cropping system and maintained organic matter cycling in the system, the pools of total N, P and K could be strengthened.

Ecoagriculture evaluation of household level in red soil area of China

A hundred and twenty-one households in Yujiang county, Jiangxi province were investigated by adopting questionnaire method, and the evaluation system of index was established according to the integrative, hierarchical, scientific, practical, comparative and dynamic principles. The investigation data were firstly standardized and then processed with SPSS software. The index weight was confirmed by principal component analysis. Finally, the evaluation scale of ecoagriculture was calculated. The results showed that the evaluation value ranged from 0.141 to 0.689 for 121 households. Agricultural status of 113 households got the primary phase of ecoagriculture which accounting for 93.38%; 7 households into the second phase, representing 5.79% and only 1 household into the third phase according to the evaluation value. However, the ecoagriculture was divided into 5 stages, according to the evaluation value. Therefore, the ecoagriculture has huge potential to develop in red soil area, China.

Spatial variability of soil total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in Renshou County of Sichuan Basin,China

Understanding soil nutrient distributions and the factors affecting them are crucial for fertilizer management and environmental protection in vulnerable ecological regions.Based on 555 soil samples collected in 2012 in Renshou County,located in the purple soil hilly area of Sichuan Basin,China,the spatial variability of soil total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and total potassium(TK)was studied with geostatistical analysis and the relative roles of the affecting factors were quantified using regression analysis.The means of TN,TP and TK contents were 1.12,0.82 and 9.64 g kg^(–1),respectively.The coefficients of variation ranged from 30.56 to 38.75%and the nugget/sill ratios ranged from 0.45 to 0.61,indicating that the three soil nutrients had moderate variability and spatial dependence.Two distribution patterns were observed.TP and TK were associated with patterns of obvious spatial distribution trends while the spatial distribution of TN was characterized by higher variability.Soil group,land use type and topographic factors explained 26.5,35.6 and 8.4%of TN variability,respectively,with land use being the dominant factor.Parent material,soil group,land use type and topographic factors explained 17.5,10.7,12.0 and 5.0%of TP variability,respectively,and both parent material and land use type played important roles.Only parent material and soil type contributed to TK variability and could explain 25.1 and 13.7%of TK variability,respectively.More attention should focus on adopting reasonable land use types for the purposes of fertilizer management and consider the different roles of the affecting factors at the landscape scale in this purple soil hilly area.

Characteristics of Soil Porosity and Changes of Soil Water Content in Eucalyptus Plantation

Objective] This study almed to investigate the characteristics of soiI total porosity （STP） and various factors affecting soiI water content （SWC） in eucalyptus pIantation （EP）, thereby providing references for soiI water utiIization in eucalyptus pIanting in the red soiI hiI y region of South China. [Method] In the same cIimatic region, soiI sampIes were coI ected from surface soiI Iayer （A）, iI uvial horizon （B） and parent material horizon （C） in the upper sIope, middIe sIope and Iower sIope of eucalyptus pIantation, native forest and pine forest, respectiveIy, to determine the soiI porosity and soiI water content and analyze changes and various infIuencing factors of soiI water content in horizontal and vertical direction. [Result] Average soiI porosity in eucalyptus pIantation, native forest and pine forest was 45.9%, 41.4%and 55.3%, respectiveIy; soiI water content in these three forest stands was 13.3%, 13.4% and 15.5%, respectiveIy. In addition, soiI water content in these three forest stands exhibited no significant differences （P＆gt;0.05） among different soiI profiIes and sIope positions, but soiI water content in surface soiI Iayer varied significantIy （P＆lt;0.05） among different forest stands; in the horizontal direction, soiI water content exerted an extremeIy significant positive correIation with total coverage. [Conclusion] Total coverage of canopy Iayer, herb and Iitter Iayer is one of the most critical fac-tors affecting the changes of soiI water content in surface soiI Iayer of forest stands.

The quality attribute of watershed ecosystem is more important than the landscape attribute in controlling erosion of red soil in southern China

Landscape and quality attributes are major ecosystem characteristics closely associated with soil conservation service(SCS).However,the intrinsic mechanisms by which these two attributes influence SCS are still unclear.Therefore,this study quantitatively analyzed the landscape pattern,ecological quality,and SCS in the Lianshui River watershed(a typical soil and water loss area of red soil in southern China)and its sub-watersheds in 2019.The boosted regression tree model was used to explore the influence of 15 factors(i.e.,landscape and quality attributes)on SCS at the sub-watershed scale.According to the results,compared with the landscape attribute,the quality attribute of the watershed ecosystem could better explain the spatial heterogeneity of SCS across 66 sub-watersheds.The overall degree of influence of five quality factors on SCS reached 57.81%,with the highest being the normalized differential build-up and bare soil index(NDBSI),at 25.11%.Among 10 landscape factors,aggregation had the greatest influence on SCS,at 28.64%.The relationships between key influencing factors and SCS were nonmonotonic and non-linear,with threshold effects.For example,NDBSI values of 0.18e0.41 had a positive influence on SCS,while NDBSI values of 0.41e0.65 had a negative influence on SCS.The findings broaden our understanding of the response of SCS to changes in landscape and quality attributes at the sub-watershed scale,and could offer comprehensive support for soil erosion management in the watershed ecosystem.

南方崩岗调查内容与方法探讨

崩岗是我国南方水土流失的一种特殊类型,广泛分布于南方红壤区,是该区域严重的生态问题之一。第一次崩岗调查距今已近20年,相关情况已发生巨大变化。崩岗现状不清直接影响了行政管理部门对崩岗防治相关工作的规划和决策,因此急需开展新一轮崩岗调查。新时代水土保持高质量发展为崩岗调查提供了机遇,差别化分类防治和分步实施对崩岗调查提出了更高要求,现代信息技术为崩岗调查提供了新方法,以服务崩岗风险评估和防治规划为导向,在充分利用第一次崩岗调查成果基础上,补充崩岗发育的小山体调查,将典型调查改为全面普查,系统探讨崩岗调查对象与范围、调查内容、调查程序与方法,以期为行政管理部门和技术单位启动新一轮崩岗调查工作提供参考。

南方红壤区典型母质发育土壤硒素特征及影响因素

为探究南方红壤区不同母质土壤硒素特征及理化性质对硒有效性的影响,以广西典型红壤区不同母质土壤为研究对象,通过测定硒形态特征及理化性质,并利用AMOS路径分析模型及土壤培养试验,量化了不同因子对不同母质土壤有效硒的影响。结果表明:南方红壤区不同母质土壤总硒含量均高于0.4 mg/kg,其中以花岗岩母质土壤总硒含量最高,以砂页岩母质土壤有效硒含量最高,且变幅最大。土壤硒形态主要以残渣态和有机结合态为主,不同形态硒含量由高到低均表现为:残渣态硒>有机结合态硒>铁锰氧化物结合态硒>交换态硒>可溶态硒。AMOS路径分析模型结果表明,影响不同母质土壤硒形态分配贡献的主要因素是全磷、有机质和pH,第四纪红色黏土母质土壤中的全氮及砂页岩母质土壤中的速效氮的影响也值得关注。利用贡献较大的理化因子开展土壤培养试验,外源理化因子添加后均在一定的时间及剂量条件下出现土壤有效硒含量最大值,且不同母质土壤获得的最佳因子条件不同。因此,不同土壤母质因土壤理化性质的不同,其硒形态特征存在较大差异,不同理化因子作用于土壤后,土壤硒会因土壤环境的变化而重新分配。

南方典型红壤区不同枯死率芒萁的水土流失阻控效应

[目的]探究芒萁植丛不同枯死率(100%,50%和0%)下坡面的产流产沙规律,揭示不同生长状态下芒萁的水土流失阻控效果。[方法]采用人工模拟降雨试验,对不同芒萁枯死率下坡面产流产沙过程随雨强的变化特性进行了定量分析。[结果](1)不同降雨强度和芒萁枯死率下径流速率随降雨历时呈前期缓慢或快速增长,后期趋于稳定。较小雨强下,侵蚀速率除裸坡外随降雨历时呈前期缓慢增加、后期趋于稳定状态;较大雨强下,侵蚀速率随降雨历时变化呈前期快速增加,中后期逐渐下降趋于稳定。(2)除2 mm/min雨强下的累积产流量外,其余处理条件下累积产流产沙量差异明显,且产沙量随芒萁枯死率的增加而增加。(3)两种雨强不同处理下坡面累积产流量和累积产沙量关系符合幂函数模型(R2>0.99)。[结论]两种雨强芒萁植丛不同枯死率下径流速率和侵蚀速率随降雨历时变化前期迅速增加、后期逐渐波动稳定,各处理下累积径流量与累积产沙量的函数关系拟合回归效果良好,证实了枯死芒萁亦可在中国南方红壤侵蚀区起到良好的水土流失阻控效果。

南方红壤区水土流失与社会经济的耦合关系

水土流失与社会经济系统的相互作用关系复杂且具有明显的时空变异性。以南方红壤区为核心,从区域尺度阐述了经济发展、人口规模、农业投入及农业产出等社会经济因素与水土流失及其治理的相互作用。在此基础上,从微观尺度剖析了水土流失治理工程驱动下农户生计方式的改变,以及农户社会网络对水土流失治理工程实施的影响。最后提出今后研究的重点:明确宏观发展规划及区域产业结构调整等对水土流失的影响机制,优化资源配置以提高水土流失治理成效;解析城镇化、农业集约化等新发展模式下农户生产方式、社会网络与水土流失治理工程的相互影响,推动水土流失治理工程的可持续运维。

红壤丘陵区不同植被覆盖阈值小流域时空分布规律

植被覆盖度是反映土壤侵蚀状况的关键指标,实施植被恢复是防治小流域土壤侵蚀的重要措施,但小流域植被覆盖度到底恢复到多少才能有效控制土壤侵蚀尚不清楚。基于土壤侵蚀治理的小流域植被覆盖度阈值效应,对红壤丘陵区33 157个小流域2000—2015年植被覆盖度的时空变化进行了分析,评估不同植被覆盖阈值小流域时空分布规律与格局,以期精准制定小流域土壤侵蚀治理方式与对策。结果表明:(1) 2000—2015年,84%的小流域植被覆盖呈不断增加趋势,植被覆盖下降的小流域占15%,植被覆盖度基本不变的小流域仅有1%;(2)植被覆盖小于40%(低阈值带)的小流域占比小且相对稳定(3%~7%),说明大规模人工治理小流域土壤侵蚀的局面已扭转,但耕地依然是重点关注的对象;(3)植被覆盖位于40%~80%(过渡带)的小流域占比一直最高(超过83%),应采取以“自然恢复为主,人工修复为辅”的治理方式,重点关注土地利用结构和植被结构的优化配置;(4)植被覆盖大于80%(高阈值带)的小流域占比从2010年前的1%~2%上升到2015年的14%,可见具有自我修复植被覆盖条件的小流域显著增加,实施自然恢复(如封禁)是高阈值带小流域的优先选择。

基于最小数据集的宁都县不同整地方式下果园土壤质量评价

为探究不同整地措施下梯田果园土壤质量的变化,以赣南宁都县小洋小流域脐橙果园开发示范区内的3种典型坡面(优化整地T y、传统整地T c、撂荒地CK)为研究对象,采用主成分分析法(principal component analysis,PCA)筛选最小数据集指标,对该地区土壤质量进行评价。结果表明:(1)由全量数据集(total data set,TDS)和最小数据数据集(minimum data set,MDS)计算的土壤质量指数存在显著正相关关系,R^(2)=0.604,表明MDS可以代替TDS对宁都县脐橙果园开发示范区进行土壤质量评价;(2)3种典型坡面的土壤质量指数(soil quality index,SQI)表现为优化整地(SQI=0.477)>撂荒地(SQI=0.436)>传统整地(SQI=0.220),其中T y与CK之间无显著差异,T y的SQI相较于T c提升1.16倍,表明优化整地措施下土壤质量有显著提升;(3)果园不同土层总体表现为表层(0—10 cm)土壤质量指数大于深层(10—20 cm)土壤,通过土壤质量指数分级发现,优化整地梯田和撂荒地土壤质量优于传统整地。研究结果可以为我国红壤丘陵区的坡地资源利用管理以及梯田修建后水土保持措施布设提供科学依据。

氮磷添加对亚热带杉木林植物-凋落物-土壤化学计量特征的影响

【目的】碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)在植物生长及调节生理机能等方面起着重要作用,其化学计量特征能够反映植物生长速率和养分限制等。人类活动引起的氮磷沉降对植物、凋落物和土壤的化学计量特征响应机理尚不清楚。因此剖析以植物-凋落物-土壤三者为一个耦合系统C∶N∶P化学计量特征对外源养分添加的响应,能更好地理解植物养分限制和生态系统养分循环动态。【方法】以亚热带退化红壤区杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)林为研究对象,在2011年开始布设氮磷添加随机区组试验,为5个区组6个处理共计30个20 m×20 m样地,施肥处理包括N0(CK,只加沙)、N5(5 g/(m^(2)·a))、N10(10 g/(m^(2)·a))、P5(5 g/(m^(2)·a))、N5+P5(N 5 g/(m^(2)·a)+P 5 g/(m^(2)·a))、N10+P5(N 10 g/(m^(2)·a)+P 5 g/(m^(2)·a)),N和P添加分别以NH4NO3和NaH2PO4形式拌沙洒施。在处理后第9年采集植物新鲜叶片、凋落叶片、0~5 cm土壤样品,测定其C、N、P含量及化学计量,量化了叶片的N、P利用效率与再吸收效率,探讨长期N、P添加对杉木植物-凋落物-土壤化学计量特征的影响。【结果】与对照组相比,P添加显著提高植物叶片P含量56.5%,对杉木叶片C、N含量无显著影响,但是降低叶片C/P、N/P;N添加对叶片C、P含量均无显著影响,对C/N、C/P、N/P无显著影响。P添加分别显著提高凋落叶片N、P含量25.7%和51.1%,对C含量没有影响,但降低C/N、C/P、N/P;N添加对凋落叶片C、P和C/N、C/P、N/P均无显著影响。P添加显著提高0~5 cm土壤P含量184.6%,对C、N含量没有影响,但显著降低C/P、N/P;N添加对土壤N含量、C/N、C/P、N/P均无显著影响;而N、P的交互作用对植物、凋落物及土壤的C、N、P含量及其化学计量特征均无显著影响。P添加显著降低了35.3%的植物P的利用效率,但对植物P的再吸收效率无显著影响。随着土壤养分含量的变化,植物、凋落物的内稳态呈现出不同的响应,其中植物P、N/P和凋落物P呈现弱稳态,1/H(内稳态平衡系数)分别为0.2882、0.3065、0.2527。【结论】亚热带杉木林植物-凋落物-土壤生态系统对P添加响应更为敏感,其通过改变P利用效率调节杉木林植物-凋落物-土壤化学计量特征。该研究结果对深入理解植物-凋落物-土壤生态系统之间的养分循环及其调节策略具有重要意义。

南方红壤侵蚀区芒萁对聚乙二醇6000模拟干旱胁迫的响应

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)6000模拟干旱胁迫,探讨了芒萁对干旱胁迫的响应。结果显示,干旱胁迫显著提高了芒萁的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脯氨酸(Pro)、相对电导率(REC)和丙二醛(MDA)水平。过氧化物酶(POD)活性在10%PEG 6000浓度下显著提高,但在较高浓度时下降。随着PEG 6000浓度的增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性先降低后升高。通过相关分析和主成分分析发现,在30%PEG 6000浓度时芒萁表现出较强的抗旱性。综上,较高的SOD和CAT活性以及较高的Pro浓度共同提高了芒萁的抗旱性,是协助芒萁抵御季节性土壤干旱的主要因子,而极端干旱仍会破坏芒萁的抗旱生理活动。

江西省丘陵红壤地区主栽茶树品种的工夫红茶适制性研究

目的探究江西丘陵红壤地区主要栽培茶树品种的红茶适制性,为江西红茶产业发展、工夫红茶品种选择提供参考。方法通过对比分析江西省主要栽培的“金观音”“黄观音”“群体种”“浙农113”“赣茶14号”“福鼎大白”“迎霜”“楮叶齐”8个茶树品种的鲜叶原料品质成分和发酵效果、成品红茶品质成分及感官品质等指标,考察各品种的红茶适制性。结果8个品种鲜叶茶多酚含量均大于20%,发酵性能良好;制成红茶后,“赣茶14号”“金观音”“黄观音”3个品种(茶黄素+茶红素)/茶褐素比值高于常用对照品种“福鼎大白”,共检测出香气成分为40种,以β-芳樟醇、氧化芳樟醇Ⅱ(呋喃型)、香叶醇、氧化芳樟醇Ⅰ(呋喃型)、水杨酸甲酯、罗勒烯等为主,呈现玫瑰花香、甜香、花果香,是典型的江西工夫红茶香气物质。感官审评结果表明,“黄观音”“赣茶14号”“金观音”“福鼎大白”“楮叶齐”综合得分超过90分,制红茶感官品质较好。结论8个品种均能按红茶加工工序制成品质优良的红茶,“黄观音”“金观音”更适制作花香型工夫红茶,“福鼎大白”“楮叶齐”“赣茶14号”及“群体种”制作工夫红茶滋味醇厚,红、亮汤色特征明显,综合品质评价俱佳。

Performance test of a half-feed peanut-cleaning picker suitable for clay hill areas in southern China

To solve the problems of excessive soil lumps,broken branches and seedlings in pods and difficulty in removing impurities in the harvested pods of peanuts in the hilly areas of southern China,which is due to the high soil viscosity and easy hardening,and to improve the soil removal effect of the peanut half-feed pod picker in hilly areas of China,this article designed a half-feed peanut-cleaning picker suitable for southern clay hilly areas and provided a detailed introduction to the overall structure,working principle,and adjustment methods of various operating parameters.Through field measurement experiments,the influencing factors and laws of soil removal performance indicators,such as the comprehensive soil removal rate and POD drop rate,were studied.The results showed that the comprehensive soil removal rate gradually increased with increasing soil patting frequency,soil patting amplitude,and picking roller speed,first increased and then decreased with increasing picking roller gap and gradually decreased with increasing soil patting plate gap and clamping conveyor chain speed.The comprehensive soil removal rate of the soil patting plate using the opposite patting method was greater than that of the swinging patting method.The soil removal pod drop rate increased gradually with increasing soil patting frequency and amplitude and decreased with increasing soil patting plate gap and clamping conveyor chain speed.The soil removal pod drop rate of the soil patting plate using swing patting was lower than that using the opposite patting method.The speed and gap of the picking roller had no effect on the soil removal pod drop rate.The frequency,amplitude,form,and gap of the soil patting plate had extremely significant impacts on the rate of decrease in the number of soil removal pod drop rate.The clamping conveyor chain speed had a significant impact,while the speed and gap of the picking roller had no significant impact.The influence of all factors on the comprehensive soil removal rate was extremely significant.This study provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for parameter optimization research on peanut-cleaning picking machines in the clay hilly areas of southern China.

南方典型红壤侵蚀区土壤有机质的影响因素及精准治理

以福建省长汀县朱溪流域为研究区,综合运用遥感、冷热点分析、灰度关联度法、神经网络模型,对研究区内不同因子对土壤有机质的影响及土壤有机质的精准治理方案进行了研究。结果表明:(1)朱溪流域西部与东北部为土壤有机质的热点区,南部与北部为冷点区;(2)各因子对有机质含量的影响程度排序为:高程>植被覆盖度>土地利用强度>坡度>水土保持措施耗费;(3)构建的MLP神经网络模型预测的正确率高达92.6%,利用模型预测在植被恢复、工程恢复、植被工程恢复三种治理措施下土壤有机质的恢复情况,通过精确定位,可实现生态恢复措施最优的空间分布,减少因治理空间错位造成的经济损失。

南方红壤区农户耕地质量保护行为影响因素研究——基于邵阳市不同规模农户的调查

不同规模农户的积极行为响应是农村耕地尤其是脆弱型耕地质量保护长期可持续的重要保障。基于南方红壤区湖南省邵阳市的320份农户调查数据,通过构建二元Logistic模型实证分析不同规模农户耕地质量保护行为差异及影响因素。结果表明:规模农户比小农户实施更多的耕地质量保护行为;政府管制、绿色生产补偿、性别和社会网络是影响规模农户耕地质量保护行为的主要因素;政府管制和性别是影响小农户耕地质量保护行为的主要因素。因此建议大力培育规模农户,充分发挥规模农户的带动作用,同时对不同规模农户实施差异化的激励措施。

南方丘陵山区耕地“非粮化”特征及其形势与对策探究——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

【目的】防止耕地“非粮化”对促进耕地可持续利用具有重大意义。丰富对不同地区耕地“非粮化”特征、形势和形成原因的认知,可为制定有效的耕地“非粮化”管控策略提供科学依据,为更好地防治耕地“非粮化”提供基础。【方法】本研究以遥感数据、社会经济空间数据集等为基础,采用空间分析与空间统计等方法探究湘西州2000—2015年的耕地“非粮化”时空格局特征,并在此基础上尝试分析湘西州耕地“非粮化”的形势与相应的对策。【结果】1)2000年以来,湘西州耕地非粮化率在39%~47%之间浮动,呈现出以2010年为节点先缓慢降低后快速升高的规律,且呈现出较明显的时空分异特征。2)随着时间推移,耕地“非粮化”低—低、高—高类型的空间在不断扩大,说明耕地“非粮化”存在较强的空间自相关性。3)在城市周边较易发生耕地“非粮化”现象,另外,距离县城10 km~25 km、人口密度较小的山区,耕地非粮化率出现了快速增加的现象。【结论】在治理耕地“非粮化”的时候需要结合区位、人口、地形等因素优化农业产业布局,以避免耕地“非粮化”的无序扩张;应当把耕地“非粮化”管控向非食物化管控方向调整,并且明确耕地转型应当以耕地质量保护为前提,即在不破坏耕地质量的前提下进行食物种植结构调整,以协调人民追求美好生活、保护耕地和生态安全的多重目标需求。

泉州地区丘陵红壤金属污染风险评价

为了探明泉州地区丘陵红壤中金属污染状况,对茶园土壤进行采样,分析Ba、Ca、Al、Fe四种金属含量并进行污染评价。结果表明,泉州地区丘陵红壤可能受到的外源污染物主要来自于含Al、Ba等金属污染源。Fe含量基本呈正态分布,Fe和Al呈显著相关。采用地质累积指数法评价,普通茶园中Al存在污染累积。采用内梅罗综合污染指数法评价,普通茶园中Al、Ba存在污染,生态茶园中仅Al存在污染,前者处于轻度污染以上级别的点位占比高。采用生态风险预警指数法和污染负荷指数法进行评价,普通茶园和生态茶园均属无污染。