Analysis of the Differences between Chinese and Western Culture from Love Literature

Love is an eternal theme of world literature.Both the ancient and the modern literature tend to take marriage and love as their paramount theme;however,there is rarely any research sorting out these themes from the perspective of cultural difference.Being engaged in exploring the love literature,this paper intends to make a comparison with Chinese and western perspectives of love and analyzes the embodied culture essences and differences from the comparative researches on their literary status,attitudes towards love,and the choice of themes.

Western Theory and the Study of Classical Chinese Literature in North America

In the second half of the 20th century,humanistic studies in the West witnessed a“theory explosion”.Unlike traditional European Sinology,American Sinology borrowed the latest Western theoretical approaches and formed a unique feature.The emerging Western theory also influenced the study of classical Chinese literature in the USA,with each Sinologist exhibiting a different tendency.In the context of the development of American Sinology and Western theory,this paper examines the Sinologists’change of attitudes in different development stages to unveil the characteristics and tendencies of the study of classical Chinese literature in North America.

A Brief History of the Development of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.

Scan of the endogenous retrovirus sequences across the swine genome and survey of their copy number variation and sequence diversity among various Chinese and Western pig breeds

In pig-to-human xenotransplantation,the transmission risk of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)is of great concern.However,the distribution of PERVs in pig genomes,their genetic variation among Eurasian pigs,and their evolutionary history remain unclear.We scanned PERVs in the current pig reference genome(assembly Build 11.1),and identified 36 long complete or near-complete PERVs(lc PERVs)and 23 short incomplete PERVs(si PERVs).Besides three known PERVs(PERV-A,-B,and-C),four novel types(PERV-JX1,-JX2,-JX3,and-JX4)were detected in this study.According to evolutionary analyses,the newly discovered PERVs were more ancient,and PERV-Bs probably experienced a bottleneck~0.5 million years ago(Ma).By analyzing63 high-quality porcine whole-genome resequencing data,we found that the PERV copy numbers in Chinese pigs were lower(32.0±4.0)than in Western pigs(49.1±6.5).Additionally,the PERV sequence diversity was lower in Chinese pigs than in Western pigs.Regarding the lc PERV copy numbers,PERV-A and-JX2 in Western pigs were higher than in Chinese pigs.Notably,Bama Xiang(BMX)pigs had the lowest PERV copy number(27.8±5.1),and a BMX individual had no PERV-C and the lowest PERV copy number(23),suggesting that BMX pigs were more suitable for screening and/or modification as xenograft donors.Furthermore,we identified 451 PERV transposon insertion polymorphisms(TIPs),of which 86 were shared by all 10 Chinese and Western pig breeds.Our findings provide systematic insights into the genomic distribution,variation,evolution,and possible biological function of PERVs.

A Study of the Differences Between Chinese and Western Names

Chinese names are different from Western names because of the differences in the history and customs between China and Western countries. Knowing the differences between Chinese and Western names can help us understand more about Chinese and Western culture.

On Chinese Image of American Literature in the 20^(th) Century

Due to the influence and control of many factors such as geographical location and historical conditions,many of the 20thCentury American literature works portray distorted Chinese image different from reality. In American literature,China doesn't exist as a real country with a geographical location,but it exists in a virtual space in the world composed of cultural imagination. Literature is the reflected thought that can accommodate numerous social fields,and American literature can mostly reflect the overall cognition of different fields for Chinese image. This paper analyzes the characterization and cognition of Chinese image in the20thCentury American literature works,understanding the history and features of Chinese image in the 20thCentury American literature works,in order to obtain the enlightenment of how to better establish Chinese image.

The Heterogeneous Differences between Chinese and Western Landscape Culture Studies

For a long time,due to the differences in terrain and culture,the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese and Western gardens has produced a large gap in modeling and design.Although the composition of garden elements is nothing more than landscape and architecture,there are obvious differences in the use of space and natural attitudes.Chinese gardens always follow the laws of natural beauty and formal beauty in modeling design,and respect nature in attitude and coordinate with nature.However,western gardens attach importance to architecture and artificalism,highlight rational aesthetics,get used to transforming nature in attitude,and always focus on"taking people as the center".They also have cognitive differences in the study of garden history.Comparing the Chinese and Western view of landscape architecture can enrich and expand the possibility of"Chinese landscape architecture research".

Allusions——A Mirror Reflecting Culture Differences between China and the West

Chinese and western cultures,due to various complicated factors,differ from each other greatly.In the essay,the differ ences are examined from three perspectives:religion,legend and literature,the three important branches of culture,which would show the essence of the differences between the two cultures.

Further Definition of Di Renjie＇s Identity（ies） in Chinese History, Literature and Mass Media

This research attempts to introduce a preliminary reflection on Di Renjie＇s past and contemporary representations, in order to decode the language of contemporary imagery found in Chinese media culture and to decide which of his historical and literary identities is now the most acknowledged in Chinese imagery. Moreover, we will briefly advance some reflections on whether Robert Hans van Gulik＇s representation has or not totally influenced Chinese imagery.

Chinese Tradition in the World Literature:Review of Zhang Longxi's A Historyof ChineseLiterature

This essay reviews Zhang Longxi's A History of Chinese Literature.The book covers Chinese literature from its very beginning to modern times.It emphasizes texts'literary and aesthetic qualities when evaluating and historicizing literature.The book demonstrates the importance of canons in literary history,using Chinese tradition as an example.Therefore,it also brings the Chinese tradition into the broader framework of world literature.Reading Zhang's concise historical overview of Chinese literature,we can better understand the interplay between literary tradition and the individual talent.Zhang Longxi has skillfully combined the writing of a history of literature with literary criticism in this book.Zhang's successful attempt informs literary scholars of possible paradigms of compiling literary history in a post-cultural-studies theoretical context.

从“literature journals”说开去——兼论中国现代文化产业史视域下的抗战文学期刊诸问题

从“抗战文学期刊”这一词语的英译入手,结合中国现代文化产业史这一大背景,进行抗战文学期刊的研究具有非常重要的文献性意义。抗战文学期刊除具有文学意义之外,还拥有政治史、社会史与经济史等跨学科的研究价值。以中国现代文化产业史为切入点,可以将抗战文学期刊研究推向一个新的高度。

A Bibliometrics Analysis on Academic Influence of Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

Objective:To illustrate the academic influence of Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western medicine,and provide suggestions for further development of the Journal.Methods:Taking the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database as main source and the Chinese Science Citation Database(CSCD)as reference,the researchers retrieved the related data of the Journal such as its publication quantity,citations,fund projects,authors,institutions and regions from 1981 to 2018,analyzed these data by means of bibliometrics and information visualization with EXCEL,SPSS,VISIO,MATLAB and other softwares.Results:Through the analysis of the main indicators,the relevant indicators of the Journal’s academic influence revealed the developing trend of the Journal.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,endocrine,digestive system,pharmacological research of Chinese medicine and gynecology,as the hot topics in the discipline and academic,were clarified.Conclusions:All indicators show that the Journal is a high-quality journal reflecting the excellent achievements in the field of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in China.Through further analysis of relevant indicators,the authors put forward some specific suggestions on how to run the Journal well.

Tales of an Open World： The Fall of the Ming Dynasty as Dutch Tragedy, Chinese Gossip, and Global News

This essay explores different seventeenth-century accounts of the fall of the Ming dynasty in 1644--Chinese vernacular novels and literati memoirs, Jesuit histories, and Dutch poetry and plays--to investigate a developing notion of openness in both Europe and China. In Europe, the idea of openness helped to construct an early-modern global order based on the free flow of material goods, religious beliefs, and shared information. In these accounts, China＇s supposed refusal to open itself to the world came to represent Europe＇s Other, an obstacle to the liberal global order. In doing so, however, European accounts drew on Chinese popular sources that similarly embraced openness, albeit openness of a different kind, that is the direct and unobstructed communication between ruler and subject. This is not to say that Chinese late-Ming accounts of the fall of the Ming are the source of European ideals of liberalism, but rather to suggest that, at a crucial early-modern moment of globalization, European authors misapprehended late-Ming ideals of enlightened imperial rule so as to consolidate their own worldview, foreclosing late-Ming ideals in the process.

跨学科视域与跨文类叙事:《哥伦比亚中国文学史》的敦煌文学书写

自19世纪末,海外汉学家开启了中国文学史的编纂工作,21世纪以来走向成熟和深化。梅维恒主编的《哥伦比亚中国文学史》2001年出版以来,引起了国内外学界的广泛讨论,该书有关敦煌文学书写的问题值得重视。通过阐述选取文献的缘由、撰写的思路以及向文学本位回归的特色,可以提炼出作者书写敦煌文学所采取的研究方法,即跨学科视域和跨文类叙事研究。考察该书的文学史观和文学史方法论,可以为国内的书写实践提供路径参考。中国文学史编纂应该立足中华文化核心价值,参与全球国际对话并构建科学的文学史理论,撰写真正内在于中国文学文化同时又融入世界潮流的文学史著述。

超越范式之争——文史哲法学的前提、立场与展望

文史哲是中国文化鲜明的标志性特征。笔者尝试提出的文史哲法学,既是立足于中国传统与实践,又是面向世界的具有普遍性样态的法学范式,理应成为建构中国自主知识体系和话语体系的法学目标。有别于教义法学和社科法学的研究旨趣,文史哲法学是一种全新视角的法学研究范式,它倡导厚植于中国的文史哲传统。其中,文学是法学素材的来源,史学是法学精神的见证,哲学则是法学价值的终极追求。文史哲法学旨在沟通中国历史传统与当下实践,侧重将文史哲作为工具和视角来研究人文与法学的互动关系,将人文价值和生活实践统一于法学研究场域之内,在保持统一性的前提下追求普遍性与实践性向度。中华法治文明在保持其独立个性、赋能文化自信的同时,也能为纾解人类的法律工具主义困境提供中国方案,促使法学脱离封闭的教条式思维模式与理论的窠臼,进而更好地为中国法学的本土化发展奠定坚实基础。

我国当代西文编目工作的积极推动者——纪念韩荣宇先生诞辰100周年

总结了韩荣宇先生在解决图书编目历史遗留问题、推行国际著录标准、开展编目规范工作、恢复完善西文主题目录、培养人才等方面为我国当代西文图书编目工作所作的突出贡献。

从重写文明史到重写文学史

在当今国际格局下,如何建立中国话语与自主知识体系是学界面临的一大难题。长久以来,文明话语中都存在西方中心主义的倾向,文明观输出的话语权长期掌握在西方学者手中,文明史对中国的叙述常常存在歪曲、偏离史实的问题。西方话语霸权具体体现在各学科内部,使许多人文社会学科都面临“失语”的窘境。针对这一现象,提出“重写文明史”与“重写文学史”的号召。从文明交流与互鉴的史实出发,尊重文明多元化与异质性,以实事求是的态度重写文明史,重塑文明观,进而重写学科史,重写文学史。通过反思学科话语问题,发掘传统文化中独特的话语言说方式,重新建构学科话语。用中国话语发出中国声音,共同建设文明新话语是重写文明史、重写学科史的要旨所在。

论中国文学史的著述文体

纪传体、编年体和纪事本末体,是中国古代历史著述的三种主要编写体例,也是编撰中国文学通史的三种主要文体。作为教材的中国文学通史,几乎都以纪传体写成,其主体是作家作品,也包括文体流变和文学风尚的系统梳理;它是现代教育的产物,与之相关的评价标准,也是在现代教育的背景下逐渐形成的,刘大杰《中国文学发展史》的成功,应从这个角度来加以理解。纪事本末体以《哥伦比亚中国文学史》较为典型,它以专题讲述的方式建构全书,主要包括诗、文、小说、戏曲、文学批评、民间文学等文类,开篇还有长逾十万字的基础编,是对中国文学史所赖以生长的语言和思想所作的专题分析;编年体以《剑桥中国文学史》较为典型,由时间点切入,而不是由作家作品或学术专题切入,构成其显著特点。《哥伦比亚中国文学史》《剑桥中国文学史》只是学术著作,而不是教材,其价值和得失应从这个角度来加以认识。

辜鸿铭与卫礼贤:西方汉学、汉学家及汉学批评

辜鸿铭对19世纪西方汉学的批评,集中体现在其《中国学》一文中,亦散见于他的一些西方批评文章,包括与同时代一些西方汉学家的往来信札。在1910—1914年间致德国汉学家卫礼贤的20余封信札中,辜鸿铭坚持并捍卫了他的儒家思想和中华文化立场,以及他对西方汉学的批评态度,同时较为充分地表现他与西方汉学家进行思想交往与学术讨论的基本方式和关注重点。更引人瞩目的是,在这些信札中,辜鸿铭较为随意地传递出与个人处境、私密情感以及日常生活相关且一般不大示人的那一部分“自我”。这些无论是对辜鸿铭的研究还是对同时期的中西思想学术交流研究都多有裨益。