After its founding in 1949,the People’s Republic of China'started to modernize its fiscal system-an essential part of its broader modernization drive.Its unified and wellfunctioning fiscal system supported the st...After its founding in 1949,the People’s Republic of China'started to modernize its fiscal system-an essential part of its broader modernization drive.Its unified and wellfunctioning fiscal system supported the stability of the nascent government,and helped stabilize the economy and restore public order after then.In the era of the planned economy,public finance in the country was put at the service of economic plans while striving to reach a fiscal equilibrium,which was of great significance at that time.Economic equilibrium,including fiscal,credit and material equilibrium,was perceived as a manifestation of macroeconomic stability.Problems encountered during the era of the planned economy led to the launch of a reform and opening-up program-a brilliant chapter in modern Chinese history.The Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee marks a brand-new era of reform and opening-up.In this transformative period,China’s fiscal system was initially decentralized to keep abreast of its“planned commodity economy.”After the goal of socialist market economic reform was announced in 1992,China’s fiscal reforms embarked on a fast track.As China'strived to build a public finance system compatible with a socialist market economic system,fiscal reforms took place and fiscal policy played a more important role in macroeconomic regulation.The Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 set the goal of the reform to establish a modern fiscal system.Afterwards,China deepened its fiscal reforms,focusing on budget management,taxation and reform of central-local fiscal relations.展开更多
In the 1960s and 1970s-as strncturalism, post-structuralism, and literary criticism seeped into history--the ＂linguistic turn＂ or ＂narrative turn,＂ leading to what is known as postmodem philosophy of history, took...In the 1960s and 1970s-as strncturalism, post-structuralism, and literary criticism seeped into history--the ＂linguistic turn＂ or ＂narrative turn,＂ leading to what is known as postmodem philosophy of history, took place in Western philosophy of history. In the past forty years of reform and opening up to the outside world, and especially in the most recent two or three decades, Chinese research on Western postmodem philosophy of history has proceeded from overall review to in-depth research, and then on to reflection, criticism, and even transcendence. Neither the rethinking of historical objectivity and rationality nor the reconstruction of convictions about historical reason can work without the profound insights or theoretical tensions of postmodern philosophy of history.展开更多
Contemporary China has seen a fragmented and tortuous urban design development process with frequent interactions with other countries and it is impossible to adopt a linear thinking in relevant historical studies. Th...Contemporary China has seen a fragmented and tortuous urban design development process with frequent interactions with other countries and it is impossible to adopt a linear thinking in relevant historical studies. This paper starts with controversies over urban design in contemporary China and reaches a conclusion that two differentiated development paths exist, i.e., technology and value. Based on the two paths, the paper analyzes four urban design ideas, design of physical form, comprehensive design of the environment, control of design, and design of policy, and summarizes the characteristics and evolution mechanism of these ideas. It attempts to establish an evolution framework of urban design, so as to provide a reference for its localization in China against the backdrop of globalization.展开更多
Spiritual construction in contemporary China is an important ideological task raised by China＇s historical practice. Modem development often entails entering into ＂modem civilization＂; yet the abstract understandin...Spiritual construction in contemporary China is an important ideological task raised by China＇s historical practice. Modem development often entails entering into ＂modem civilization＂; yet the abstract understanding of this civilization hides its essential rules and historical nature. China has pursued development on different historical premises from the West, and therefore it belongs only partially to modem capitalist civilization. Its rapid development highlights the historical limits of the latter. Realistic prospects for Chinese development imply a transformation and remodeling of China＇s overall way of life, attitudes to life and values, and this inevitably calls for a new form of philosophy. The intellectual sources for this new philosophy are Chinese philosophy, Western philosophy and Marxist philosophy. Their creative integration points in a positive way to the possibility of a new type of civilization.展开更多
The China-Arab relationship is one of the most significant and influential sections of China’s foreign relations,and also a key area of China’s diplomacy.China’s friendly communication and exchange with the Arab ar...The China-Arab relationship is one of the most significant and influential sections of China’s foreign relations,and also a key area of China’s diplomacy.China’s friendly communication and exchange with the Arab area can be traced back as early as to the time before the founding of the Islamic religion and the shaping of great Arab Empire.Since the 1950s,China gradually established formal diplomatic relations with all the Arab countries.In this process,bilateral connections between China and the whole Arab world have been broadened to diverse fields and deepened to various levels,creating tremendous progress in mutual understanding.The central principle upheld throughout the whole experience of China-Arab relationship is friendship and cooperation,while the core spirit prevalent in this bilateral relation is mutual respect and mutual support.展开更多
文摘After its founding in 1949,the People’s Republic of China'started to modernize its fiscal system-an essential part of its broader modernization drive.Its unified and wellfunctioning fiscal system supported the stability of the nascent government,and helped stabilize the economy and restore public order after then.In the era of the planned economy,public finance in the country was put at the service of economic plans while striving to reach a fiscal equilibrium,which was of great significance at that time.Economic equilibrium,including fiscal,credit and material equilibrium,was perceived as a manifestation of macroeconomic stability.Problems encountered during the era of the planned economy led to the launch of a reform and opening-up program-a brilliant chapter in modern Chinese history.The Third Plenum of the 11th CPC Central Committee marks a brand-new era of reform and opening-up.In this transformative period,China’s fiscal system was initially decentralized to keep abreast of its“planned commodity economy.”After the goal of socialist market economic reform was announced in 1992,China’s fiscal reforms embarked on a fast track.As China'strived to build a public finance system compatible with a socialist market economic system,fiscal reforms took place and fiscal policy played a more important role in macroeconomic regulation.The Third Plenum of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 set the goal of the reform to establish a modern fiscal system.Afterwards,China deepened its fiscal reforms,focusing on budget management,taxation and reform of central-local fiscal relations.
文摘In the 1960s and 1970s-as strncturalism, post-structuralism, and literary criticism seeped into history--the ＂linguistic turn＂ or ＂narrative turn,＂ leading to what is known as postmodem philosophy of history, took place in Western philosophy of history. In the past forty years of reform and opening up to the outside world, and especially in the most recent two or three decades, Chinese research on Western postmodem philosophy of history has proceeded from overall review to in-depth research, and then on to reflection, criticism, and even transcendence. Neither the rethinking of historical objectivity and rationality nor the reconstruction of convictions about historical reason can work without the profound insights or theoretical tensions of postmodern philosophy of history.
基金funded by China Scholarship Council (Project No. 201606090020)
文摘Contemporary China has seen a fragmented and tortuous urban design development process with frequent interactions with other countries and it is impossible to adopt a linear thinking in relevant historical studies. This paper starts with controversies over urban design in contemporary China and reaches a conclusion that two differentiated development paths exist, i.e., technology and value. Based on the two paths, the paper analyzes four urban design ideas, design of physical form, comprehensive design of the environment, control of design, and design of policy, and summarizes the characteristics and evolution mechanism of these ideas. It attempts to establish an evolution framework of urban design, so as to provide a reference for its localization in China against the backdrop of globalization.
文摘Spiritual construction in contemporary China is an important ideological task raised by China＇s historical practice. Modem development often entails entering into ＂modem civilization＂; yet the abstract understanding of this civilization hides its essential rules and historical nature. China has pursued development on different historical premises from the West, and therefore it belongs only partially to modem capitalist civilization. Its rapid development highlights the historical limits of the latter. Realistic prospects for Chinese development imply a transformation and remodeling of China＇s overall way of life, attitudes to life and values, and this inevitably calls for a new form of philosophy. The intellectual sources for this new philosophy are Chinese philosophy, Western philosophy and Marxist philosophy. Their creative integration points in a positive way to the possibility of a new type of civilization.
文摘The China-Arab relationship is one of the most significant and influential sections of China’s foreign relations,and also a key area of China’s diplomacy.China’s friendly communication and exchange with the Arab area can be traced back as early as to the time before the founding of the Islamic religion and the shaping of great Arab Empire.Since the 1950s,China gradually established formal diplomatic relations with all the Arab countries.In this process,bilateral connections between China and the whole Arab world have been broadened to diverse fields and deepened to various levels,creating tremendous progress in mutual understanding.The central principle upheld throughout the whole experience of China-Arab relationship is friendship and cooperation,while the core spirit prevalent in this bilateral relation is mutual respect and mutual support.
