A Brief History of the Development of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.

China Association of Chinese Medicine Paper notice for seminar on clinical application of new technology of integrated Chinese and western medicine in treating sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases

Hosted by ChinaAssociation of Chinese Medicine,and organized by World Journal of Integrated traditional and western Medicine,seminar on clinical application of new technology of integrated Chinese and western medicine in treating sequelae of cerebrovascular diseases is planned to be held in Nanning,Guangxi in August.

A Brief Reading of the Republic of China Era Journal "Chinese Medicine Pillar Monthly"

As one of the many traditional Chinese medicine journals in the Republic of China(ROC)era,the journal"Chinese Medicine Pillar Monthly"had been published for 11 consecutive years.It has rich content and covers a wide range of topics.It has important reference value for studying the direction of cultural development,political dynamics,and development trends of Chinese and Western medicine during the ROC era,and the journal was intended to spread the classics and clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicine,making it a medical treasure house.This paper mainly introduces the current status of the journal,the date of its inception,and its main content,features and contributions.

A historical overview of Western medicine and health in Ghana in the twentieth century

Traditional therapy was dominant in Ghana.However,by the 19th to 20th centuries,scientific medicine had been fully introduced to the people of Ghana.There is a growing tendency in the research of medicine in Ghana.Some scholarly works had been published on Western medicine;however,all these works had not been brought together in analyzing the history of scientific medicine in Ghana.This work conducts an opportunistic historical overview of Western medicine and health in Ghana through the twentieth century.This is to bring to light some scholarly literature on Western medicine in Ghana,of which further research could be conducted.

Gu Jiegang’s “Discussion of Ancient History” Movement and It Relationship with Developments in Western Sinology

The scholarship in modern China is closely related to Western sinology in terms of school ties.Gu Jiegang’s launching of the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement centered on the"theory of the accumulated creation of Chinese ancient history"was a representative example.At the beginning of the movement Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang proposed the notion that,"there was no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty"which was indebted to the historical skepticism by Philip Van Ness Myers(American scholar)and Friedrich Hirth(German sinologist)of the same period.The idea that"the Shang Dynasty is still in the late Stone Age"advocated by Hu and Gu was also directly influenced by J.G.Andersson’s An Early Chinese Culture.Conversely,American sinologist Arthur W.Hummel Sr played a key role in introducing and evaluating the first volume of Discussion of Ancient History to Western academia.Paradoxically,while Swedish sinologis Bernhard Karlgren wrote On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan to refute Kang Youwei’s reinterpretation of Confucian Classics(The Forged Classics of the Wang Mang Period),his work however became of value for Chinese historic doubt scholars to reaffirm the value of New Text Confucianism and advance the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement.If we would like to choose a saying to describe the relationship between the"Discussion of Ancien History"movement and Western Sinology,the Chinese proverb,"Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade of this one,"may be an appropriate choice.

Between Tao and Instruments:Railways,China,and the World From the Perspective of Modern Thought(1875-1936)

In the evolution of modern railway thought,it includes not only the discussion of railway planning,sovereignty,debt,and construction,but also the discussion of spiritual guiding ideology such as“Tao,body and utility”and“material and spirit”.From the perspective of the relationship between road and equipment,the development of modern railway thought in China has experienced three stages.During the Westernization Movement,Li Hongzhang and other people expounded the benefits brought by railway construction from the angle of“utility”,and believed that there was still a unity of“Tao and style”.After the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle,with the emergence of the theory of railway sovereignty and the theory of dividing China,Kang Youwei and others questioned the thought of Westernization school.The unified Tao body was divided into two parts:China and the West.After the May Fourth Movement,railway,as a product of western material civilization,was compared with Eastern spiritual civilization by Liang Shuming,Li Dazhao,and others.The conflict between material and spirit made the Western“Tao style”evolve into the Europe-American way of pursuing“scientific spirit”and the Soviet-Russian way of exploring the ideas of revolution and transformation.The railway has thus become an important carrier of the“scientific spirit”and socialism.

The First Generation of New China Leaders' Thought of Developing Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine

The history of integrated Chinese medicine （CM） and Western medicine （WM） witnesses the development of public health under the significant support and guidance of the first generation leaders of new China who aimed at maximizing people＇s health interests. According to the available documents, it can be found out that, among the first generation of new China leaders, MAO Ze-dong, ZHOU En-lai, LIU Shao-qi, ZHU De and DENG Xiao-ping made more statements on the integration of CM and WM due to different division of labor and other historical reasons. This paper will focus on the issue to study the emergence, formation and development of their thoughts on the integration of CM and WM and analyze its process and significance, so as to enlighten the current integration of CM and WM, and even the world＇s integrative medicine.

On the Establishment of Modern Medical System of Assimilating Advantages of Oriental Medicine and Western Medicine—A Speech by the Vice-Chairperson of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China,President of Chinese Medical Associatio

It is known to all that traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy, as the summary of Chinese people fighting against various kinds of disease for thousands of years, has a summate theoretical system possessing the essence of Chinese classical philosophy, intensively reflects deep thinking and pondering of Chinese culture on the human being himself and dialectical relation between human and culture, making indelible contribution to the offspring reproduction and prosperity.

The Study of Western Postmodern Philosophy of History in China in the Four Decades of Reform and Opening Up

In the 1960s and 1970s-as strncturalism, post-structuralism, and literary criticism seeped into history--the ＂linguistic turn＂ or ＂narrative turn,＂ leading to what is known as postmodem philosophy of history, took place in Western philosophy of history. In the past forty years of reform and opening up to the outside world, and especially in the most recent two or three decades, Chinese research on Western postmodem philosophy of history has proceeded from overall review to in-depth research, and then on to reflection, criticism, and even transcendence. Neither the rethinking of historical objectivity and rationality nor the reconstruction of convictions about historical reason can work without the profound insights or theoretical tensions of postmodern philosophy of history.

中华优秀传统法律文化的创造性转化和创新性发展

中华优秀传统法律文化具有普遍性和共同性、先进性和文明性、实践性和人民性,符合人类法治文明发展的普遍规律、共同价值和科学理性。推动中华优秀传统法律文化的创造性转化和创新性发展,应当高度重视并大力加强对有关国家和地区对中华法系以及域外法律文化转化融合经验的比较研究,走出一条“借鉴”与“双创”相结合的中国自主法学知识体系构建之路;应当坚持把马克思主义法治基本原理同中国法治实践相结合、同中华优秀传统法律文化相结合,推进“中医法学”与“西医法学”有机融合,开创中国式现代化法治文明新境界。

翻译与中国科技术语的演变

西学东渐以来,大量西方数学著作的翻译引进为中国数学的发展注入了活力,但是译著中数学术语混乱的现象越来越严重,已经影响到学术研究与知识传播。因此,晚清以来,外国传教士、中国学者、政府机构及学会组织通过制定翻译原则、编撰术语表和数学词典、开会讨论、征求专家建议等方式,在数学术语统一方面做了大量工作。经过一代又一代学者的努力,中国数学术语终于在20世纪90年代完成统一。

必要的张力--近百年来中西医之辨

中医百年的命运多舛,由表到里都发生了重大变迁。中医学中的古今、中西、体用、新旧之辨是文化大讨论的一部分,其辩论的议题在文化大讨论中都可以找到引子。以上不同方面的辩论是联通的,一定条件下彼此之间可以互换,在进化论的中介和引导下贯穿于中医近代史中。古今、中西、体用、新旧之间的张力让中医学持续受到关注,在批评中螺旋式进步。中医学最终经受住了冲击,找到了平衡,逐步完成了近代向现代的转型。

A historical view of alveolar echinococcosis, 160 years after the discovery of the first case in humans： part 1. What have we learnt on the distribution of the disease and on its parasitic agent？

Since the first 2 cases observed in southern Germany and the correct identification of a parasite at the origin of the disease by the famous scientist Rudolf Virchow in 1855, the borders of the endemic area of alveolar echinococcosis （AE） have never stopped to expand. The parasite was successively recognized in Switzerland, then in Russia, Austria and France which were long considered as the only endemic areas for the disease. Cases were disclosed in Turkey in 1939; then much attention was paid to Alaska and to Hokkaido, in Japan. The situation totally changed in 1991 after the recognition of the Chinese endemic areas by the international community of scientists. The world map was completed in the beginning of the 21st century by the identification of AE in most of the countries of central/eastern Europe and Baltic States, and by the recognition of cases in central Asia. Up to now, the disease has however never been reported in the South hemisphere and in the United Kingdom. In the mid-1950s, demonstration by Rausch and Schiller in Alaska, and by Vogel in Germany, of the distinction between 2 parasite species responsible respectively for cystic echinococcosis （＂hydatid disease＂） and AE put an end to the long-lasting debate between the ＂dualists＂, who believed in that theory which eventually proved to be true, and the ＂unicists＂, who believed in a single species responsible for both diseases. At the end of the 20th century, molecular biology fully confirmed the ＂dualist＂ theory while adding several new species to the initially described E. granulosus; within the past decade, it also confirmed that little variation existed within Echinococcus （E.） multilocularis species, and that AE-Iooking infection in some intermediate animal hosts on the Tibetan plateau was indeed due to a new species, distinct from E. multilocularis, named E. shiquicus. Since the 1970s, the unique ecological interactions between the landscape, the hosts, and E. multilocularis have progressively been delineated. The important role of the rodent/lagomorph reservoir size for the maintenance of the parasite cycle has been recognized within the last 2 decades of the 20th century. And the discovery of a close relationship between high densities of small mammals and particularities in land use by agriculture/forestry has stressed the responsibility of political/economic decisions on the contamination pressure. Urbanization of foxes in Europe and Japan and the major role of dogs in China represent the new deals at the beginning of the 21 st century regarding definitive hosts and prevention measures.

西医入温:地方性在全球现代医学中的典例

自宋室南渡以来,永嘉医学渐趋发达,到明清进入低谷。鸦片战争前后,西方传教士在不平等条约的庇护和本土鸦片吸食者的求诊需求下,以医开路,培养学生,传教布道。西方近代医学在温州的推广,冲击并影响了传统中医医疗方式,迫使温州医学寻求现代医学的转型。20世纪初辛亥革命新风潮下,温州出现中国人自己办的西医医院,并与前两所宗教医院形成鼎足三立之态。西医入温,迎合了温州医学在近代低谷期转型的需求,丰富了西医全球传播中的在地化内涵,并由医入仕,撼动了中国传统的政治权力等级秩序。

时逸人与民国时期山西中医

时逸人是民国时期中西医汇通派的著名中医学家。文章以他在晋主持山西中医改进研究会为线索,系统地梳理了他对山西中医工作所作出的贡献:改组并完善中医改进研究会的组织;编辑医学杂志,力主改进中医,反对废医存药,倡导中西汇通;教书育人,著书立说;首创“第三者医学”等学术理念。他的学术思想至今仍有现实意义。

丁福保对医学体制化的贡献

晚清民国时期,医书翻译家丁福保从日本考察医学归来后,为中国医学体制化作出了重大贡献。他创办或主编的医学报刊是当时中医药界的知名刊物,也是医界人士必备的参考书;他创立的医学会在民国时期运营时间最久,并为晚清中国输入了大量西医知识;他建立的虹桥疗养院是上海滩首屈一指的肺病治疗康复机构,开创了我国防治肺结核病的先河。

为中国近代西医皮肤性病学的创建和发展作出杰出贡献的外籍医师

目的研究中国近代西医皮肤性病学传入和发展的历史,回顾有杰出贡献外籍医师的业绩。方法广泛检索历史文献,从中查找外籍医师在华的医事活动。检索时间范围为1838年～1950年,共参考书籍13种。结果近代美、英、加、德、奥、法、意、日等国医师将东、西洋医学传入中国,建诊所或医院为华人施医疗疾,办医校培养医学人才,设麻风院免费为麻风病人服务。作出杰出贡献的外籍医师有嘉约翰、德贞、司督阁、聂会东、梅藤更、高似兰、马雅各、海深德、戴仁寿、太田正雄、海贝殖、傅瑞思、罗爱思、苏达立、马海德等。结论外籍医师是中国近代西医皮肤性病学的开拓者和奠基人,值得中国人民尊重、敬仰、怀念,是中国皮肤科医师学习的楷模。

20世纪中国中西医结合研究的史学考察

“中西医结合”是在“中西医汇通”、“中医科学化”基础上变革产生的解决中西医关系问题的先进科学思想的体现。中西医结合方针的确立和研究成果的不断取得,是20世纪中国医学史上的亮点之一。经过近半个世纪的曲折道路而逐步建立的中西医结合医疗模式,日益显现出巨大优势,必将对中国医学乃至世界医学的发展产生重要影响。

我国医学教育的开山之刊《医育》

为廓清中国医学各学科期刊的发展脉络 ,运用文献考证和编辑学方法对创刊于 1935年 10月的《医育》月刊做了首次研究。确认其为最早的医学教育期刊。将其特色归结为 :反映医学教育的发展进程和水平、反映医学院校发展概况等 ,并对其动态栏目设置 ,编辑点评和倡导学术争鸣、倡导医学论文的规范化 ,倡导教、研相长和编、研相长等编辑思想和方法做了分析。

中西方芍药栽培应用简史及花文化比较研究

以时间为维度回顾和总结了芍药属(Paeonia)植物在中国和西方的栽培应用历史,按照国别,栽培方面从栽培中心变迁、栽培技巧发展和品种演化等角度,应用方面从药用、食用、园林观赏等几个角度进行比较,并分析其文化内涵的差异,最后从社会历史条件和文化的角度分析造成这些差别的原因,试图为我国有关芍药的科学研究和花卉经济的发展提供一些借鉴。