Elimination of Fuel Pressure Fluctuation and Multi-injection Fuel Mass Deviation of High Pressure Common-rail Fuel Injection System

The influence of fuel pressure fluctuation on multi-injection fuel mass deviation has been studied a lot,but the fuel pressure fluctuation at injector inlet is still not eliminated efficiently.In this paper,a new type of hydraulic filter consisting of a damping hole and a chamber is developed for elimination of fuel pressure fluctuation and multi-injection fuel mass deviation.Linear model of the improved high pressure common-rail system（HPCRS）including injector,the pipe connecting common-rail with injector and the hydraulic filter is built.Fuel pressure fluctuation at injector inlet,on which frequency domain analysis is conducted through fast Fourier transformation,is acquired at different target pressure and different damping hole diameter experimentally.The linear model is validated and can predict the natural frequencies of the system.Influence of damping hole diameter on fuel pressure fluctuation is analyzed qualitatively based on the linear model,and it can be inferred that an optimal diameter of the damping hole for elimination of fuel pressure fluctuation exists.Fuel pressure fluctuation and fuel mass deviation under different damping hole diameters are measured experimentally,and it is testified that the amplitude of both fuel pressure fluctuation and fuel mass deviation decreases first and then increases with the increasing of damping hole diameter.The amplitude of main injection fuel mass deviation can be reduced by 73%at most under pilot-main injection mode,and the amplitude of post injection fuel mass deviation can be reduced by 92%at most under main-post injection mode.Fuel mass of a single injection increases with the increasing of the damping hole diameter.The hydraulic filter proposed by this research can be potentially used to eliminate fuel pressure fluctuation at injector inlet and improve the stability of HPCRS fuel injection.

Stress characteristics of surrounding rocks for inner water exosmosis in high-pressure hydraulic tunnels

Seepage and stress redistribution are the main factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock in high-pressure hydraulic tunnels.In this work,the effects of the seepage field were firstly simplified as a seepage factor acting on the stress field,and the equilibrium equation of high pressure inner water exosmosis was established based on physical theory.Then,the plane strain theory was used to solve the problem of elasticity,and the analytic expression of surrounding rock stress was obtained.On the basis of criterion of Norway,the influences of seepage,pore water pressure and buried depth on the characteristics of the stress distribution of surrounding rocks were studied.The analyses show that the first water-filling plays a decisive role in the stability of the surrounding rock; the influence of seepage on the stress field around the tunnel is the greatest,and the change of the seepage factor is approximately consistent with the logarithm divergence.With the effects of the rock pore water pressure,the circumferential stress shows the exchange between large and small,but the radial stress does not.Increasing the buried depth can enhance the arching effect of the surrounding rock,thus improving the stability.

Safety estimation of high-pressure hydraulic cylinder using FSI method

Hydraulic cylinder is a primary component of the hydraulic valve systems.The numerical study of hydraulic cylinder to evaluate the stress analysis,the life assessment and the performance of operation characteristics in hydraulic cylinder were described.The calculation of safety factor,fatigue life,piston chamber pressure,rod chamber pressure and the change of velocity of piston with flow time after the beginning of hydraulic cylinder were incorporated.Numerical analysis was performed using the commercial CFD code,ANSYS with unsteady,dynamic mesh model,two-way FSI(fluid-structure interaction)method and k-εturbulent model.The internal pressure in hydraulic cylinder through stress analysis show higher than those of the yield strength.

Characteristics,origin and controlling effects on hydrocarbon accumulation of overpressure in foreland thrust belt of southern margin of Junggar Basin,NW China

Aiming at the differential distribution of overpressure in vertical and lateral directions in the foreland thrust belt in the southern margin of Junggar Basin,the study on overpressure origin identification and overpressure evolution simulation is carried out.Based on the measured formation pressure,drilling fluid density and well logging data,overpressure origin identification and overpressure evolution simulation techniques are used to analyze the vertical and lateral distribution patterns of overpressure,genetic mechanisms of overpressure in different structural belts and causes of the differential distribution of overpressure,and the controlling effects of overpressure development and evolution on the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs.The research shows that overpressure occurs in multiple formations vertically in the southern Junggar foreland thrust belt,the deeper the formation,the bigger the scale of the overpressure is.Laterally,overpressure is least developed in the mountain front belt,most developed in the fold anticline belt,and relatively developed in the slope belt.The differential distribution of overpressure is mainly controlled by the differences in disequilibrium compaction and tectonic compression strengths of different belts.The vertical overpressure transmission caused by faults connecting the deep overpressured system has an important contribution to the further increase of the overpressure strength in this area.The controlling effect of overpressure development and evolution on hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution shows in the following aspects:When the strong overpressure was formed before reservoir becoming tight overpressure maintains the physical properties of deep reservoirs to some extent,expanding the exploration depth of deep reservoirs;reservoirs below the overpressured mudstone cap rocks of the Paleogene Anjihaihe Formation and Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group are main sites for oil and gas accumulation;under the background of overall overpressure,both overpressure strength too high or too low are not conducive to hydrocarbon enrichment and preservation,and the pressure coefficient between 1.6 and 2.1 is the best.

Modeling and control for hydraulic transmission of unmanned ground vehicle

Variable pump driving variable motor(VPDVM) is the future development trend of the hydraulic transmission of an unmanned ground vehicle(UGV).VPDVM is a dual-input single-output nonlinear system with coupling,which is difficult to control.High pressure automatic variables bang-bang(HABB) was proposed to achieve the desired motor speed.First,the VPDVM nonlinear mathematic model was introduced,then linearized by feedback linearization theory,and the zero-dynamic stability was proved.The HABB control algorithm was proposed for VPDVM,in which the variable motor was controlled by high pressure automatic variables(HA) and the variable pump was controlled by bang-bang.Finally,simulation of VPDVM controlled by HABB was developed.Simulation results demonstrate the HABB can implement the desired motor speed rapidly and has strong robustness against the variations of desired motor speed,load and pump speed.

Advanced high-pressure plasma diagnostics with hairpin resonator probe surrounded by film and sheath

The hairpin probe using microwave resonance in plasma is applicable to high pressure 1.33 ×10^3-1.01×10^5 Pa）） as developed recently. In this work, an analytic model of the hairpin resonator probe surrounded by a thin dielectric layer and a sheath layer is proposed. The correction factor due to these surroundings is analytically found and confirmed by electromagnetic field finite difference time domain simulation, thus enabling the accurate measurement of electron density in a high-pressure non-equilibrium uniform discharge.

Comparison of Three Methods for Determination of Root Hydraulic Conductivity of Maize(Zea mays L.)Root System

Three techniques of root pressure probe, pressure chamber and high pressure flow meter were used to measure the hydraulic conductivities （Lpr） of whole root systems of young maize （Zea mays L.） seedlings grown hydroponically under either drought or normal water conditions. Compared to normal water conditions, drought stress simulated by polyethylene glycol 6 000 （osmotic potential =-0.2 MPa） reduced Lpr in the root system by over 50%. It indicated that water permeability in the roots decreased significantly when plants suffered from water shortages. Moreover, there was no significant difference （P〈 0.05） on the Lpr values in the root systems developed under a given water stress regime among the three techniques used. Therefore, all three methods are acceptable to study the hydraulic conductivity of maize seedling root systems. We have also highlighted some of the technical limitations of each method. It can be inferred that the root pressure probe is preferable for young maize seedlings because it is subtle and has the additional ability to determine solute transport properties, but the method is time consuming. Other advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed in order to acquaint researchers with basic information that could contribute to their choice of an appropriate technique for future studies.

Transmission electron microscopic study of the fine-grained vein matrix in the Suizhou L6 meteorite

The mineralogy of shock vein matrix in the Suizhou meteorite has been investigated by optical and transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that the vein matrix is composed of majorite-pyrope garnet, magnesiowüstite, and ringwoodite, with FeNi–FeS intergrowths. The observation and character of ring-like selected electron diffraction(SAED) patterns indicate that the idiomorphic garnet crystals in the vein matrix have different orientations. The polycrystalline nature of magnesiowüstite is also confirmed by a ring-like SAED pattern.Both garnet and magnesiowüstite crystals showed sharp diffraction spots, signifying the good crystallinity of these two minerals. The SAED pattern of cryptocrystalline ringwoodite shows only diffuse concentric diffraction rings. FeNi metal and troilite(FeS), which were molten during the shock event, occur in the matrix as fine eutectic FeNi–FeS intergrowths filling the interstices between garnet and magnesiowüstite grains. Based on the phase diagram of the Allende chondrite and the results of this TEM study, it is inferred that majorite-pyrope garnet first crystallized from the Suizhou chondritic melt at 22–26 GPa,followed by crystallization of magnesiowüstite at 20–24 GPa, and then ringwoodite at 18–20 GPa. The eutectic intergrowths of FeNi-metal and troilite are proposed to have crystallized during meteorite cooling and solidified at the last stage of vein formation.

Analysis on performance and test of a new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint

Analysis as well as application of ultra-high pressure hydraulic system and elements has become a trend. The structure and operation principle of a new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint is introduced. The structure of the new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint is simple and is easy to be produced. The finite element model on two working conditions( preload condition with 30 N·m torque and static-loading condition with 70 MPa pressure) is built and computed. The width of contact area,the equivalent stress status,as well as the contact pressure status are plotted and analyzed. According to the national standard,test on air-tightness,blasting,and cyclic endurance is conducted and the results show that the new type of ultra-high pressure pipe joint has the sealability for ultra-high pressure up to 70 MPa,and the DN6 ultra-high pressure pipe joint can provide effective seal under70 MPa fluid pressure. The research can provide a thinking and method on designing ultra-high pressure pipe joint and push forward the development of ultra-high pressure hydraulic system.

Application of external gear pump in water-hydraulic system

The ceramic coating technology of microarc oxidation (MAO) was utilized to modify surface properties of the movable endplate of a high pressure gear pump used in water-hydraulic system, which is made of aluminium alloy. A coMPact ceramic layer of more than 130 μm was developed on the movable endplate with the hardness up to HV1000 by means of microarc oxidation. A trial of tests conducted in a water power transmission system show that the maximum outlet pressure of the gear pump with the movable endplate treated by microarc oxidation, can reach 16 MPa. It is pointed out that the ceramic coating developed by microarc oxidation technology on the surface of aluminium alloy, is economical and feasible.

Research on hydraulic slotting technology controlling coal-gas outbursts

Measured to control serious coal-gas outburst in coal seam were analyzed by theory and experimented in test site.A new technique to distress the coal-bed and drain methane,called hydraulic slotting,was described in detail,and the mechanism of hydrau- lic slotting was put forward and analyzed.The characteristic parameter of hydraulic slotting was given in Jiaozuo mining area and the characteristic of validity,adaptability and secu- rity was evaluated.The results show that the stress surrounding the strata and the gas in coal seam is released efficiently and thoroughly while new techniques are taken,as slot- ting at heading face by high pressure large diameter jet.The resistance to coal and gas outbursts is increased dramatically once the area of slotting is increased to a certain size. In the process of driving 2 000 m tunnel by hydraulic slotting excavation,coal and gas outburst never occurre.The technique could be used to prevent and control potential coal-gas outburst in the proceeding of tunnel driving,and the speed tunneling could be as high as more than 2 times.

Responses of Root Hydraulic Properties and Transpirational Factors to a Top Soil Drying in <i>Cajanus cajan</i>and <i>Sesbania sesban</i>

Responses of leaf area (LA), stomatal conductance (gs), root length (RL) and root hydraulic conductance per unit of root length (Lpunit) to top soil dryness were investigated. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and sesbania (Sesbania sesban) were grown in a vertical split-root system. From sixty-six days after sowing, the top soil was dried while the bottom soil was kept wet. Pigeon pea increased LA while maintaining leaf water potential (ΨL) by reducing gs. Increased transpirational demand through canopy development was compensated for by increasing water extraction in the bottom soil. This was achieved by increasing not only RL but also Lpunit. Sesbania kept constant levels of gs, causing a transient reduction of ΨL. ΨL of sesbania was, then, recovered by increasing only RL, but not Lpunit, in the bottom soil while suspending LA extension, suggesting that sesbania regulated only the root area to LA ratio. This study demonstrated a species-specific significance of Lpunit and coordination among Lpunit, RL, gs and LA in exploitation of wet-deeper soils in response to top soil dryness.

超深埋隧洞防渗排水措施与衬砌外水压力分布规律

高外水压力是制约超深埋水工隧洞建设的关键性难题之一,以排水孔为中心的综合堵排措施是降低外水压力的主要举措。为克服传统排水孔实体单元法整体网格划分难度大和计算效率较低的问题,首先,基于ABAQUS平台开发了两节点排水孔线单元模型,并验证其在隧洞工程数值模拟分析中的正确性和有效性;其次,建立了考虑防渗排水措施的围岩-衬砌三维有限元模型,研究多种防渗排水措施下的隧洞渗流场及衬砌外水压力分布规律;最后,探讨了防渗灌浆圈与排水孔设计参数对外水压力分布的影响,提出了防渗灌浆圈与排水孔间隔布置的原则。研究结果表明:所开发的两节点排水孔线单元具有较高的精度,在排水孔数目繁多的模型中具有极高效率;排水孔数目越多、深度越大、排距越小,衬砌外水压力越低;排水孔能够有效降低衬砌的外水压力,而防渗灌浆圈降外压能力有限;在排水孔末端间隔一定厚度围岩后再施作防渗灌浆圈,可更有效发挥两者的降压作用。

柔性钻具水力导向射流喷嘴流场分析

现有柔性钻具钻井技术和水力喷射径向钻井技术在控制钻进方向上存在困难或有局限性。为实现钻井导向可控,设计了一种能够水力导向的高压射流喷嘴结构。建立导向喷嘴流体数值模型,利用数值模拟的方法进行流场分析,研究喷嘴倾角、喷嘴直径、喷嘴开启个数等参数对导向力、射流速度的定量关系,给出了导向力方向确定方法。结果表明:随着关闭喷嘴个数的增加,喷嘴导向力呈指数逐渐增大;轴向倾角越大,喷嘴导向力和最大喷射速度越大;喷嘴内径减小时,导向力和喷射速度都显著增大。通过数值模拟验证了射流喷嘴水力导向的可行性,分析结果和导向力的拟合公式对水力导向喷嘴钻进方向的研究具有指导意义。

高压煤油恒速液动机转子倾覆现象的理论研究

介绍了高压煤油恒速液动机(简称“液动机”)的转子倾覆现象,分析了机理,并按照发生的原因将倾覆现象分为主动倾覆和被动倾覆。重点研究了主动倾覆,基于对转子柱塞组件的受力分析,提出了倾覆条件的数学表达,引入了无量纲的倾覆安全系数,以定量表达倾覆风险。分析了被动倾覆的原因,并提出了解决被动倾覆的方法。在产品设计中应避免出现主动倾覆和被动倾覆。

基于高压辅助处理的青稞籽粒电镜观测超微结构样品制备

透射电镜生物样品制备过程中,因青稞籽粒结构致密、细胞壁厚、试剂渗透性差,使用常规样品制备方法会造成制样失败,无法对籽粒超微结构进行观察。为解决青稞籽粒制样问题,将高压处理引入戊二醛固定和树脂浸透两个步骤中,并对常规样品制备方法中戊二醛固定液、锇酸固定液、树脂浸透液浓度进行相应调整。通过对不同试剂浓度和不同压强处理的结果进行观察和比较,选定实验范围,通过正交试验确定优化实验条件。结果表明,青稞籽粒透射电镜样品制备的较优前处理条件:体积分数为4.5%的戊二醛,质量浓度为15 g/L的锇酸,过夜处理的树脂浸透液中丙酮与环氧树脂体积比为1∶1,戊二醛固定和树脂浸透的高压处理压强为50 MPa,处理时间为10 min。在该处理条件下制备的青稞籽粒观测样品表皮细胞壁完整、无断裂,糊粉层各组织完整、结构清晰、无空洞,胚乳层细胞结构完整、形状规则,淀粉粒无缺失和褶皱。将该样品用于实验,结果稳定、可重复,可用于青稞籽粒透射电镜样品制备。

立方大腔体静高压装置中叶腊石的传压及密封性能研究

本文基于高压研究及超硬材料生产所用的静高压立方大腔体(六面顶)压机的需要,制备了源于南非叶腊石矿的两种(A和B)叶腊石粉压块,并与同工艺国产(北京门头沟)黄色叶腊石粉压块进行比较,以此建立评估叶腊石传压及密封性能的实验方法与物理判据.采用Bi,Tl,Ba等标压物质原位标定了以上3种叶腊石压腔中心位置及密封边处的压力;同时,采用银熔点法分别获得了3种叶腊石作传压密封材料时高温下腔体压力与系统加载的对应关系.结果表明,在相同加载油压下南非叶腊石B粉压块和国内叶腊石粉压块中心位置的压力差值不超过0.1 GPa,在升压和降压过程中叶腊石块中心位置与密封边位置的压力差值也更为相近.相比于南非叶蜡石A粉压块,B粉压块在高温传压和密封性能上更接近国产叶腊石粉压块.

国产电液伺服阀在可控震源上的测试分析

电液伺服阀是可控震源电液转换的核心液压元器件,对可控震源输出力信号有着直接的影响,但可控震源工作环境恶劣,宽频,瞬时大流量以及高压高温、高可靠性等工作特点对电液伺服阀提出了严苛的要求,该设备一直以来依赖进口,近年来某型号国产电液伺服阀开始在可控震源上进行应用试验,经过测试、改造,性能不断提升,本文总结分析了该产品在可控震源上进行的一些测试数据,希望能够为将来的实际应用提供一些技术上的参考。

非焊接管道系统在液压机中的应用

液压机的液压管路具有工作压力高、对油液清洁度敏感、管路规格多、系统复杂等特点。传统的液压管路连接采用焊接方式,焊接后管路需X射线探伤检验、酸洗、磷化,最后使用液压油冲洗来保证焊接后管路质量和内部清洁度。施工流程多,工艺较复杂。本文通过对非焊接管道系统原理及结构的分析,对液压机的非焊接管道系统应用进行了论述。实践证明:非焊接管道系统技术工艺简单,污染和泄漏容易控制,在液压机上的应用推广具有明显优势,具有广泛的应用前景。