Spatial and Temporal Differences of Climate Suitability of Ice and Snow Sports in Major Ski Tourism Destinations in China

Ice and snow tourism in China has grown significantly since the country successfully hosted the Beijing Winter Olympics.Climatic conditions profoundly impact the development of ice and snow tourism;however,most studies have focused on constructing different climate suitability indicators for ice and snow tourism to evaluate individual regions,lacking horizontal comparative studies across multiple regions.This study aims to enrich the connotation of climate suitability for ice and snow sports,establish an evaluation model based on snowfall amount,temperature,and wind speed,and use daily meteorological data from 1991 to 2021 to horizontally compare the climate suitability for ice and snow sports in major ski tourism destinations in China.This study boasts four major findings:1)the average ice and snow sports climate index of each region decreases over time,and the overall suitability of the climate for ice and snow sports is reducing;2)northern Xinjiang exhibits the most evident regional differentiation from‘very suitable’to‘generally suitable’;3)the spatial zoning of climate suitability for ice and snow sports exhibits heterogeneity,as northern Xinjiang is divided into two‘suitable and above’zones with rotating empirical orthogonal function(REOF).Correspondingly,the four provinces of Hebei,Heilongjiang,Jilin,and Liaoning are divided into three‘generally suitable and above’zones;4)snowfall amount is the main factor affecting the climate suitability of ice and snow sports in the major ski tourist destinations in China.

Sustainable Development of Ice and Snow Tourism-Theory&Empirical Studies:Preface

The Beijing Winter Olympics brought a historical miracle to the development of China’s ice and snow tourism.It is both an opportunity and a challenge to reap the extra dividends of the times and to develop China’s ice and snow tourism.By selecting 18 academic papers,this special issue deeply discusses the status quo and the future measures of ice and snow tourism in China from three aspects:ice and snow tourism development and management,the ice and snow tourism experience and its influencing factors,and ice and snow tourism impact assessment.Moreover,one part entitled“Tourism Culture and Ecotourism”has been set up to emphasize those cutting-edge research topics.It is worth mentioning that this issue is in-depth and has profound connotations.First of all,the research area ranges from national to regional to the city-level,including both longitudinal and horizontal research.In additon,the research methods are practical,innovative,and at the frontier of scientific research,and include industrial correlation analysis methods,kernel density,spatial autocorrelation and other geospatial analysis methods,content analysis methods,sentiment analysis methods,structural equation models,Delphi methods,spatial statistics methods,geographic detector method and many others.In general,this special issue combines qualitative research with quantitative research,provides a variety of theoretical perspectives such as perceived value theory,institutional evolution theory,etc.,and builds various useful models like the pre-competition evaluation model for ice and snow tourism heritage,the consumption skill-travel radius decision-making influence model under the moderating effect of the ski resort comprehensive leisure environment,the evaluation model of the suitability of glacier tourism resource development,the model of the relationship between tourists’experience value and loyalty in the context of ice and snow tourism,among others.These studies are expected to provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era,and help ice and snow tourism develop in a sustainable and high-quality direction.

京张体育文化旅游带的冰雪体育资源的空间分异特征与协同发展研究

京张体育文化旅游带基于京津冀协同发展纵深推进的基础和优势,目前已由顶层设计阶段进入实质性实施阶段。基于京张体育文化旅游带的冰雪体育资源点、旅游资源点和文化资源点的类别、地理条件等方面的数据,运用核密度分析、缓冲区分析等方法分析了京张体育文化旅游带的冰雪体育资源的空间分布特征,探究京张体育文化旅游带各区(县)在未来如何协同发展。分析结果表明:1)京张体育文化旅游带的冰雪体育资源呈现北京与张家口两地分布差异显著的特征,北京地区“冰多雪少”、张家口地区“雪多冰少”;2)北京地区的冰雪体育资源呈现“多区少核”的分布特征,张家口地区的冰雪体育资源呈现“少区少核”的分布特征;3)京张体育文化旅游带的冰雪体育资源与旅游资源、文化资源的空间关联性较强。提出建议:1)优化冰雪体育资源空间布局,打造体育文化旅游产业融合发展新样板;2)增强冰雪体育资源点与文化资源点、旅游资源点之间的空间关联度,打造“冰雪体育资源+文化资源+旅游资源”三位一体的冰雪体育旅游发展新模式;3)促进冰雪体育产业与文化产业、旅游产业融合发展,助推京张体育文化旅游带各区(县)的协同发展。

旅游资源与旅游经济空间错位研究——以阿勒泰地区冰雪旅游业为例

旅游资源与旅游经济的协调发展对区域旅游业提质增效至关重要,文章以阿勒泰地区冰雪旅游业为例,通过构建评价指标体系,运用重心模型、空间错位指数模型、障碍度模型等方法测算阿勒泰地区整体及各县市冰雪旅游资源与旅游经济的空间错位指数和影响因素。结果表明,研究期间:(1)阿勒泰地区冰雪旅游资源和旅游经济在时序发展上具有一定的同步性,而空间分布格局呈区域性失衡特点。(2)宏观尺度下,阿勒泰地区冰雪旅游资源重心和旅游经济重心的空间错位程度逐步缩小,但二者与阿勒泰地区空间几何重心始终呈分离状态。(3)微观尺度下,阿勒泰地区各县市的空间错位指数以负向错位为主,且空间错位类型存在不同程度的变化。(4)各因素在阿勒泰地区不同县域间表现出一定的空间分异特征,不同错位等级区的障碍因素存在一定差异,经济基础是阿勒泰地区不同错位等级区域出现频次最高的障碍因素。

黑龙江省冰雪体育旅游资源开发现状研究

冰雪体育旅游是推动经济增长的新动力,黑龙江省拥有优渥丰富的冰雪资源,冰雪体育旅游行业已经进入快速发展时期。本文主要以实地调查法与文献资料法为研究方法,通过对黑龙江冰雪体育旅游资源开发的现状进行研究梳理,发现主要存在以下问题:发展规划和布局单一、发展缺乏文化内涵与发展专业人才短缺。本文提出以下发展建议:统筹规划,丰富文化内涵、打造冰雪体育旅游的集群IP与加强专业人才培养。

黑龙江森林冰雪文化旅游发展策略研究

黑龙江拥有得天独厚的优质生态资源和冰雪资源,是全国最适合发展森林冰雪旅游的区域。黑龙江积极响应国家政策,发展森林冰雪文化旅游,不断丰富发展经济和保护生态之间的辩证关系,在实践中将“绿水青山就是金山银山,冰天雪地也是金山银山”化为生动的现实。分析黑龙江发展森林冰雪文化旅游的优势和必要性,立足黑龙江森林冰雪旅游面临的困境,提出黑龙江森林冰雪文化旅游发展策略。在面临国内外旅游市场的巨大竞争压力下,寻找黑龙江发展特色旅游之路,全力打造竞争力强、美誉度高的森林冰雪文化旅游品牌。

Evaluation and Promotion Model of Tourist Satisfaction in Ice and Snow Tourism Destinations

The successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics has brought historic opportunities for the development of ice and snow tourism in China.An index system for the evaluation of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was constructed from the target layer-factor layer-index layer approach in this paper.Taking tourists with ice and snow tourism experience as the research object,and integrating a questionnaire survey and the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)method,a total of 840 valid questionnaires were collected to assess the satisfaction of tourists in snow and ice tourism destinations,and the promotion model of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was put forward.This process led to three main results.(1)Ice and snow tourists in China are characterized as young and better-educated,with college students aged 19 to 25 as the main consumer group.More than 70%of ice and snow tourists are pretty satisfied with the current development of ice and snow destinations in China,and are willing to participate again.(2)Other than“ice and snow souvenirs”,tourists’perceptions of importance are all higher than the level of perceived satisfaction,and the importance values of the 13 indicators including“Scenic spot security”and“Diversity of ice and snow entertainment and sports”are especially high,showing that tourists have high expectations and demands of the destinations.However,the perceived satisfaction level of tourists for all indexes is generally low,mostly at the general satisfaction level,indicating that ice and snow tourism destinations have only partially met the demands of ice and snow tourists,and there is still much room for improvement.(3)After IPA analysis,five suggestions for improving the satisfaction of tourists in ice and snow tourism destinations were put forward,including diversification of the tourism business model,construction of tourism facilities,a market diversified cultivation model,a humanized mode of tourism service and a refined management model.The results of this study will help to enrich the theory of ice and snow tourist satisfaction and promote the high-quality development of China's ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era.

资源枯竭型城市冰雪旅游发展研究——以鸡西市为例

资源型城市通常面临着资源枯竭、经济发展缓慢、城市人居环境恶化等一些列问题,资源型城市在发展与转型中发展旅游业,能充分利用旅游的关联辐射作用,调整产业结构,促进国民经济的良性循环。试以资源型城市鸡西为例,在明确资源型城市发展中面临难题的基础上,分析了冰雪旅游产业作为接续产业的可行性,针对旅游助力资源型城市经济转型发展,提出了加快冰雪旅游发展的建议。

后冬奥时期张家口冰雪旅游产业资源优化与升级研究

在冰雪旅游大众化发展趋势下,冰雪旅游战略在我国各省市贯彻落实,冰雪观光旅游显然难以适应市场发展需求,张家口应牢牢把握后冬奥会带来的机遇,发挥冬奥会推动冰雪旅游产业发展的积极效应,不断优化张家口冰雪旅游产业发展环境。对此,基于张家口冰雪旅游产业基本情况,分析冬奥时期张家口冰雪旅游产业发展的积极与消极因素,并提出张家口冰雪旅游产业资源优化与升级路径,即建设张家口冬奥旅游形象品牌、注重张家口旅游产品开发与营销、推动后冬奥旅游经济与社会效益发展,为张家口及其他地区发展冰雪旅游产业提供理论参考。

牡丹江市冰雪旅游开发新模式研究

借着北京冬奥会和“三亿人上冰雪”的东风,牡丹江市冰雪旅游也迎来新的发展机遇。牡丹江市冰雪旅游本身发展状况较好,拥有自然气候、滑雪场、冰雪节庆等冰雪旅游资源,但也存在冰雪产品缺少核心竞争力、冰雪旅游配套服务有待提升、冰雪相关产业链不够完整、对冰雪旅游缺乏统筹管理等一系列的问题,因此要融合相关产业如体育、文化、康养、商贸等,形成“冰雪+”旅游融合的新模式,促进牡丹江市冰雪旅游走向新的热潮。

Evolution of Landscape Pattern and Tourism Service Value in Zhangjiakou City

Zhangjiakou is a northern Chinese city that hosted the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games. As an important ice and snow tourist destination, it is essential to investigate Zhangjiakou’s rate of landscape pattern change,the landscape ecological security level, and ecosystem service value, particularly the tourism ecological service value during its construction. With land use data from 2000 to 2020, this study comprehensively analyzed the dynamic changes in Zhangjiakou, including land use dynamics, the land use transfer matrix, landscape vulnerability,landscape disturbance, ecosystem service value, tourism ecological service value, and other aspects. The results show that the landscape pattern in Zhangjiakou was greatly disturbed from 2015 to 2018, and the landscape ecological security was threatened in the process of landscape pattern adjustment. By 2020, after the landscape pattern was adjusted and stabilized, the landscape ecological security was restored, and the ecosystem service value was significantly improved, especially the tourism ecological service value. The results of this study will play an important role in promoting the optimization of Zhangjiakou’s ice and snow landscape pattern and the improvement of tourism ecological value. In addition, it provides important lessons for the development of other ice and snow tourist destinations.

辽宁省冰雪气候资源适宜性评价

为充分挖掘辽宁省冰雪资源优势,科学规划开发寒地冰雪资源,利用61个站点的气象数据,采用统计、定性或定量指标等分析方法,评估了辽宁省冰雪气候资源的适宜性。结果表明:辽宁省各地均具有冰雪资源,东部山区冰雪资源最为丰富,辽西地区结冰期长,大连沿海地区冰雪资源相对较少。辽宁省冬季室外冰雪活动温度条件较好,冰雪资源丰富区风速低且日照适中。冬季各地高温融雪、雾和大风、低能见度等气象灾害风险低。11月中旬到翌年3月上旬全省均可人工造雪,人工造雪时段适宜。抚顺、本溪、铁岭、沈阳、丹东、辽阳的大部分地区均是宜冰宜雪的最优地区;西部地区降雪量少,宜冰大于宜雪,可适当开发冰上旅游项目;沿海的葫芦岛和大连地区冰雪期短,可探索发展小规模的冰雪旅游项目和海冰旅游。

冰雪旅游资源的价值构成与体系构建研究

随着经济的发展,冰雪旅游成为旅游的热点,并受到越来越多的重视,而正确认识冰雪旅游资源价值是科学开发冰雪旅游资源、促进冰雪旅游产业发展的前提。本文针对冰雪旅游资源价值进行研究,首先分析了冰雪旅游资源的价值来源,认为冰雪旅游资源价值来源于冰雪旅游资源本身、旅游资源开发者和冰雪旅游者;然后进行了调查研究并应用因子分析研究了冰雪旅游资源价值的构成要素,认为冰雪旅游资源价值主要包括经济要素、文化要素和生态要素。在此基础上,分析了冰雪旅游资源的经济价值、生态价值和文化价值,指出冰雪旅游资源价值包括现实价值和潜在价值,其中现实价值主要是经济价值,潜在价值包括生态价值和文化价值,最后据此构建了冰雪旅游资源价值体系。

新疆冰雪旅游开发现状及发展对策

对新疆冰雪旅游的现状及开发可行性进行分析,归纳出影响新疆冰雪旅游的影响因素:淡旺季游客不均衡;交通不便;市场不成熟;缺乏专业人才;宣传力度不够。提出新疆冰雪旅游发展对策:发挥政府主管部门的宏观调控作用;加大资金投入;树立品牌,提高竞争力;利用发达的媒体进行宣传;培养相关人才。

黑龙江省滑雪旅游资源开发研究

以黑龙江省滑雪旅游资源为研究对象,采用文献资料法、访谈法和分析法,对黑龙江省滑雪旅游资源的开发进行深入研究,为该省滑雪旅游业的发展指明方向,同时为冰雪旅游主管部门和旅游公司决策者提供参考。

中南地区冰雪体育旅游资源价值实现研究

通过中南地区冰雪体育旅游资源和资源价值的分析,中南地区居民、游客的冰雪体育旅游认知现状的调查和认知机制的解析,对中南地区冰雪体育旅游资源价值的实现进行研究。结果表明,中南地区冰雪体育旅游处于起步阶段,产业市场竞争不大;居民对冰雪体育运动认知程度低,积极性高;室内冰雪场地具有吸引力;居住地与旅游地距离、产品项目、配套设施、市场宣传、路线设计、服务态度、容量控制是影响旅游者认知的重要因素;客源以本地市场、中青年市场和家庭市场为主。研究认为,应充分利用冰雪体育旅游认知过滤机制和循环机制,从游前、游程、重游前3个阶段切入,提升游客对冰雪旅游地的认知,即实现中南地区冰雪体育旅游资源价值。

黑龙江省冰雪体育旅游资源的深度开发

为了充分发挥黑龙江省冰雪体育旅游资源优势,促进黑龙江省旅游业和相关产业的发展,通过对黑龙江省冰雪旅游、国内外冰雪体育旅游发展态势及冰雪体育旅游消费特点的研究分析,指出黑龙江省冰雪体育旅游存在冰雪资源消耗大、污染严重、低水平重复建设、冰雪旅游各环节协调差、冰雪体育旅游产品缺乏特色等问题,提出整体规划冰雪体育旅游资源,注重区域联动及景区的升级改造,建设特色滑雪场,加强体育与旅游的合作,延伸冰雪旅游产业链条等对策措施,以促进黑龙江冰雪旅游业的全面可持续发展。

冰雪旅游资源的价值及其体系构建

冰雪旅游是现代旅游的重要组成部分,开发程度是判断冰雪旅游软硬件水平的重要因素。对旅游资源的认知具有时代性,正确认识冰雪旅游资源价值是科学开发冰雪旅游资源、促进冰雪旅游发展的重要课题。从冰雪旅游资源的特征入手,探讨冰雪旅游资源蕴含的内在价值,深入挖掘冰雪旅游资源的经济价值、生态价值、文化价值和社会价值构成和价值体系,旨在促进冰雪旅游进一步向纵深发展。

延边冰雪旅游资源现状及其开发研究

延边朝鲜族自治州发展冰雪旅游的条件得天独厚,但起步较晚,潜力尚未发挥.本文分析了延边发展冰雪旅游优势与特色、劣势与短处,提出了延边冰雪旅游的开发战略,以期扬长避短,提高冰雪旅游的档次,丰富、深化冰雪资源开发的内容,提高延边冰雪旅游资源的经济效益和社会效益.

试论云南雪山旅游资源开发利用

在简要评述云南雪山旅游资源的基础上 ,文章探讨了云南雪山旅游资源的开发意义、开发利用应遵循的原则 ,并提出了诸如做好综合规划 ,申报世界遗产、开发专项旅游产品。