Improved AHP method and its application in lake environmental comprehensive quality evaluation—a case study of Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing, China

The relative importance of each pollution factor in analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method comes from pooling expert opinions in general. Because expert opinions are based on information and judgment criteria, determining their weight may lead to uncertainty.. Therefore, an improved AHP method had been developed. The process of the improved AHP method involved four key procedures. The weights of pollution factors were completely related to the objective monitoring data through the standardization of these procedures. The environmental comprehensive quality of water and sediment of Xuanwu Lake, Nanjing, China had been evaluated. The environmental quality comprehensive indices (EQCI) of the water in 1991-1995 and 1996-2000 were 3.32 and 1.85, respectively, indicating that the water quality improved. The EQCI of the sediment in 1995 and 2000 indicates that the sediment contamination decreased from 1995 to 2000. Such results agreed with the fact that the lake had been under comprehensive control. However, with the classical AHP method, the EQCI of the sediment in the northwestern part of the lake may have indicated that sediment contamination increased from 1995 to 2000. The discrepancy may have resulted from the judgment difference of the experts. The improved AHP method can avoid arbitrariness of subjective judgment and can reflect the real influential factors of environment pollution in different periods or regions.

Comprehensive Assessment of Seawater Quality Based on an Improved Attribute Recognition Model

The attribute recognition model (ARM) has been widely used to make comprehensive assessment in many engineering fields, such as environment, ecology, and economy. However, large numbers of experiments indicate that the value of weight vector has no relativity to its initial value but depends on the data of Quality Standard and actual samples. In the present study, the ARM is enhanced with the technique of data driving, which means some more groups of data from the Quality Standard are selected with the uniform random method to make the calculation of weight values more rational and more scientific. This improved attribute recognition model (IARM) is applied to a real case of assessment on seawater quality. The given example shows that the IARM has the merits of being simple in principle, easy to operate, and capable of producing objective results, and is therefore of use in evaluation problems in marine environment science.

The Application of Improved Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method in Practice Teaching Quality Evaluation System

According to the theory of fuzzy mathematics, Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method of the original algorithm is improved, and reduced the possibility loss of the original evaluation data. The improved algorithm is applied in the practice teaching quality evaluation system, and improved the practice teaching quality evaluation results and the accuracy of visual, and promote the teaching management scientific, standardized and institutionalized. In order to establish incentive mechanism, it can bring a positive role to improve teaching quality.

Fenlong Cultivation-the Fourth Set of Farming Methods Invented in China

The basic theory and effect of the new farming method of ＂Fenlong＂ cultivation which has been included in the main extension technology of Ministry of Agriculture of the People＇s Republic of China is fully illustrated for the first time, and it is the fourth set （generation） of farming modes and methods following manpower, animal and mechanical （tractor） farming. It follows the natural law to achieve soil activation, water saving, oxygen increase, warming and desalination through the active use of natural resources like soil, rainfall and solar energy, thereby promoting a new round of natural agricultural production and quality improvement and water con- servation, which has crop yield increase by 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5%, natural precipitation retaining increase by100%. The characteristics and mechanism are the use of spiral drill for one-time completion of the land preparation by drilling vertically to 30-50 cm of soil layer through high speed peeling. After instant high temperature and many fierce impacts, mechanical frictions, it could achieve the multiplication of the number of loose soil, soil physical modification and expansion of the soil nutrients, reservoirs, oxygen, microorganisms （＂Four pools＂）. Fenlong cultivation can give birth to new farming culture and civilization, and it can achieve the physical ＂desalinized＂ transformation and utilization of saline soil. The formation of Fenlong green farming technology system makes it possible to invent the farming tools of ＂serf-propelled Fenlong machinery＂ that has got the patent, and it is the method for farmland （dry land, paddy field） Fenlong cultivation, saline-alkali soil smash-ridging cultivation and for the abundance of grass ecology on degraded grassland. The application of Fenlong ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City＋rivers） green development in China can achieve the ＂double safety＂ of food and living space.

Tillage Effect and Development Prospect of Fenlong Farming Tools with"Drill"

In this paper,farming and crop cultivation effects of farming tools with"drill"which are invented independently in China are clarified firstly,containing horizontal cutting of soil,super deep ploughing,deep loosening and not disturbing soil layer,granular soil,soil not easy to bond and harden,and one-time land preparation.It is a significant path to deeply develop and use the"five natural resources"not fully utilized by human beings(soil resources at plough bottom and below,saline-alkali land,natural rainfall,solar energy,oxygen)and realize"mitigation"of five natural disasters(flood,drought,high temperature,low temperature and climate warming).In the past 10 years,the farming tools have been applied in 40 kinds of crops in 26 provinces of China.Compared with vertical breaking of soil by traditional"plow",the amount of loose soil,water storage and dissolved oxygen in cultivated land increased by more than one time,and yield increased by 10%-50%.They have been applied in transformation of saline-alkali land in 10 provinces,and yield increased by 30%-150%.After Fenlong treatment for 1 and 2 years,biomass of sugarcane increased by 68.9%and 50.1%respectively.Net photosynthetic rates of Gramineous crops were improved by 6.82%-11.94%,while net photosynthetic rates of Legume crops were improved by 20.32%-32.08%.After"spiral drill","vertical two-knife drill","vertical three-knife drill"and other hollow series of Fenlong farming toolss were invented newly.They were the most advanced farming tools with large soil discharge and small resistance,and could be equipped in large-,medium-and small-size modern Fenlong agricultural machinery as key technology,thereby setting up a new"standard stalk"for world agricultural reform and bringing benefit to mankind.

基于改进方法的承德地表水环境质量评价

为客观反映地表水水质状况,采用层次分析法和熵权法组合赋权以及加权平均综合评价原则改进模糊综合评价法,并与单因子评价法、内梅罗指数法、传统模糊综合评价法进行比较,评价承德地区地表水环境质量。结果表明:2021年承德地区地表水水质有明显的时空差异性,除7—9月的部分断面水质为较差外,其余断面水质均在Ⅰ~Ⅲ类;影响承德地区地表水水质的主要因子为COD_(Mn)和TP;单因子评价法和内梅罗指数法无法反映整体水质状况,改进的模糊综合评价法相较于传统模糊综合评价法兼顾了各污染因子间相互作用,并弱化了个别水质指标对评价结果的影响,且能够对同一类别水质进行排序,更适用于承德地区地表水环境质量评价。

浅论提高机动车驾驶培训教练员综合素质的途径

机动车驾驶培训教练员是驾驶知识的传授者和培训服务的提供者,其技能和素质直接影响培训质量、道路交通安全以及驾驶培训行业的健康发展。文章从专业知识、教学能力、道德品质、服务意识等方面深入分析当前教练员的素质现状,提出如何提高教练员综合素质的有效途径,供教练员、驾培机构、行业管理部门学习借鉴,以推动驾培行业高质量发展。

新时期郑州综合交通枢纽高质量发展策略

中国城市综合交通运输体系建设已进入高质量发展新阶段。推动郑州综合交通枢纽高质量发展既是国家战略要求,也是枢纽自身发展的阶段要求。准确把握新时期综合交通高质量发展的内涵与要求,从国际竞争力、区域辐射力、枢纽运转效率、枢纽经济带动等维度对郑州综合交通枢纽发展现状进行评估,同时对其优势和短板进行分析。围绕构建新发展格局、高标准建设国际性综合交通枢纽城市,从提能级、强辐射、增效率、促融合等4个方面提出推动郑州综合交通枢纽高质量发展的策略与行动建议。通过不断提升枢纽内外双向辐射能力,增强资源要素全球配置能力,推动郑州综合交通枢纽由做大向做强转变。

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin.To date,there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream.Moreover,little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)by the game theory.Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019.Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution,and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution.Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors.In terms of this study,an improved comprehensive water quality identification index(ICWQII)based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities,and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments.By contrast,water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation.The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data,but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators,whose results are relatively reasonable.All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.

规模化奶牛场节本提质增效关键技术分析

奶业是农业现代化的标志性产业和一二三产业协调发展的战略性产业,规模化奶牛场是原料奶供给的源头并直接决定了民族奶业的核心竞争力。当前我国规模化奶牛场面临“奶价下行、成本高涨、经营亏损”的困境。文章从饲料精准加工、营养精准调控、疾病精准防控、环境精准管控四个维度对规模化奶牛场达成节本增效提质目标进行分析,以期为行业发展提供参考。

中国XRT智能预选抛废技术应用研究与实践

我国矿石资源普遍禀赋差,选矿成本高,但选矿工艺技术及设备研发水平较高。为了推动近年取得重大突破的高效大块预选设备———XRT智能选矿机更好地服务矿山,提升矿山的生产力水平和经济效益,建设绿色生态矿山,在简要介绍了XRT智能选矿机系统组成与分选原理、工艺技术的适用性及要求、工艺技术与设备的特点和优越性基础上,按矿种分类介绍了代表性矿山开展XRT智能预选抛废研究与生产实践的情况。试验研究与生产实践表明:XRT智能选矿机对矿种具有广泛的适应性,且具有分选客观、科学、精准、智能、节能、环保等特点;可以兼顾两种及以上目标矿物或元素的高效综合回收;应用工艺简单,对现场碎矿流程的冲击、干扰小;入选粒度粗,高度契合能抛早抛、能收早收理念;对薄、小、边、残、贫矿石资源的开发具有显著的扩能、降本、提质意义。并就XRT智能选矿机的研发和工艺技术应用给出了7点建议:解决分选粒度向上下拓展与分选效率、可靠性、稳定性和工艺的适应性问题,以实现多抛多收的目标;解决设备的大型化、系列化问题,以降低投资和生产成本,并方便现场配置和生产管理;研发三产品XRT智能选矿机,为后续制定高效的选矿工艺和产品方案创造条件;制定全面、科学的矿废判定标准,以实现资源效益的最大化;支持并携手矿石选择性破碎技术共同发展,为预选创造更好的条件;科学制定包容其他预选抛废技术的高效抛废工艺,使抛废更彻底、工艺流程更简洁顺畅、技术经济指标更好;论证废石洗矿工艺替代筛分洗矿工艺或给矿洗矿工艺的科学性,以使全系统工艺流程更简单、生产环境更整洁、投资和生产成本更低。最后指出,除磁铁矿石外,其他铁矿石及非金属矿石的粗粒预选抛废,应用不断进步的XRT智能预选抛废技术应是大势所趋。

民生为大:健全保障和改善民生制度体系——深入学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神

民生是人民幸福之基、社会和谐之本。中国民生制度体系涵盖收入分配、就业、社会保障等多个领域,已成为促进社会公平与经济发展的重要支撑。分析民生制度的演变与优化路径,探讨其对推动民生事业高质量发展的重要作用兼具理论价值和现实意义。新时代背景下,国家通过统筹优化养老保险、健全社会救助和福利保障体系、深化住房改革、完善收入分配机制等举措,构建起更加完善的民生保障网络,有效提升了人民的生活质量,促进了社会公平;同时,民生制度体系的建设又增强了国家的治理能力,为实现共同富裕和可持续发展奠定了坚实的制度基础。

炼化企业防腐保温质量管理体系的实施与效果

建立以“全生命周期总成本最低”为目标的防腐保温完整性管理体系,从设计、原材料、施工、验收和运维等环节进行全流程把控,持续推进防腐保温专项治理工作。对8家炼化企业2023年的防腐保温工程质量进行综合评价,结果表明:防腐工程涂层附着力合格率为91.3%,干膜厚度合格率为86.1%,保温工程能效合格率为89.3%,防腐保温工程质量提升效果明显。梳理总结各企业的成功经验,并针对仍然存在的问题提出改进措施及建议,助力炼化企业防腐保温工程质量持续提升,实现防腐保温工作常态化、标准化、专业化。

OBE理念下工科大学生就业能力培养路径研究

随着经济社会的不断发展,大学生的就业压力逐年增大,大学生就业能力的提升迫在眉睫。OBE(outcomes-based education)是一种以学习成果为导向的教育理念,其与工科大学生就业能力培养的融合,可以有效提升大学生的就业能力。文章分析了现阶段高校大学生就业存在的问题,从重视大学生职业生涯规划课程、营造良好的学科竞赛氛围、加强考研宣传和增加学生去企业实习机会等方面提供了解决方法。以OBE理念为基础,加强大学生自身的就业能力,有利于大学生顺利就业,找到适合自身发展的岗位。

吴中区“三区三片”综合改革背景下的综合交通规划研究

在吴中区创新实施“三区三片”功能区改革,加速形成东部开发区、中部高新区、西部度假区“东强中融西优”全域发展格局的背景下,以综合交通体系作为引领空间格局优化的重要抓手,立足吴中区核心特质,全面评估现状交通发展水平和主要短板。以“山水苏州、人文吴中”建设为指引,从区域链接、空间融合、品质提升三个方面提出综合交通发展策略,支撑板块特色化差异化发展,为吴中及类似地区的综合交通研究提供经验参考和借鉴。

污水处理提质增效综合评估体系构建与应用

目前城镇污水处理提质增效工作主要通过进厂BOD5浓度和生活污水集中收集率等单项指标进行考核评价。基于进厂BOD5浓度、污供比、雨晴比、高危河流四项指标,构建了片区层面的污水处理提质增效综合评估体系,并在深圳市进行了具体应用。实践表明,该综合评估体系可以较客观、公正的反映污水收集效能,同时也能在一定程度上指导问题的发现与整改。评估结果不仅可以支撑相关的考核工作,也可以为下一步工作指明方向。

河道综合治理清淤与水生态保护和水质提升关系研究

以大理市弥苴河综合整治工程为例,研究河道综合治理清淤与水生态保护以及水质提升之间的关系。详细阐述河道清淤对水生态系统的积极影响和潜在挑战,并提出一系列针对性的措施,以实现清淤工作与水生态保护、水质提升的协同发展,为可持续的水环境保护提供理论支持和实践指导。

基于教师资格证国考背景下体育师范生综合素质提升路径研究

该文利用文献资料、访谈、实地调查、数理统计等方法对地方院校体育师范专业学生综合素质能力进行深入调查,发现学校体育师范生存在主动性态度较差、团结意识有待提升、部分学生学习目标不明确、专业理论知识深度较差和自身的就业目标不清晰等问题。因此,需跟紧社会发展需求,加强实习实训基地拓展,提升学生实践能力;结合社会市场及用人单位反馈,不断修订人才培养方案,强化培养质量;强化开学“第一课”的重要性,塑造学生良好价值观;辅导员、班主任和专任教师需要充分发挥工作职责,为学生质量、就业提供保障;双导师制必须强有力落实,必须充分发挥教师作用.为落实立德树人根本任务,全面推动体育师范生综合素质的提升,提高体育师范生社会竞争力奠定基础。

全方位护理对新生儿腹胀症状改善情况及生长发育情况的影响

目的 探讨全方位护理对新生儿腹胀症状改善情况及生长发育情况的影响。方法 选取2022年1月至2023年2月我院收治的80例腹胀患儿为研究对象,按照护理方式的不同将其分为对照组(40例,常规护理)及观察组(40例,全方位护理)。比较两组的护理效果。结果 观察组的腹胀改善总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。护理3 d后,两组的哭闹次数及哭闹持续时间均降低,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的睡眠质量优良率高于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,两组的体质量、身长及头围均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。护理后,两组家属的认知评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 全方位护理可改善患儿腹胀情况及家属认知情况,减少患儿哭闹次数及时间,提升睡眠质量,促进生长发育,值得推广与应用。

体育硕士专业学位研究生综合素质提升策略研究

体育专业学位研究生是在体育领域中培养的能够系统掌握体育理论知识、专业素养和体育技能的高水平应用型体育人才,其综合素质的提升直接关系到国家人才的质量和素质。通过查阅文献,分析当前体育专业学位研究生综合素质提升面临的现实困境,并探究有效策略,以提升体育专业学位硕士研究生的综合素质。研究认为,我国体育硕士专业学位研究生综合素质提升存在选拔机制缺乏科学性、教师理念有偏差、培养过程应用性不足、评价方法不具有针对性等困境。针对以上困境,提出优化选拔机制、加强师资力量、改革教学方法、强化实践课程和健全评价制度5项提升策略。