With the arrival of the intelligence era of Industry 4.0,social development has shown complex and diversified characteristics,gradually forming an innovation ecological environment constructed by vertical interaction ...With the arrival of the intelligence era of Industry 4.0,social development has shown complex and diversified characteristics,gradually forming an innovation ecological environment constructed by vertical interaction of multi-layer innovation systems and horizontal collaboration of multiple organizations and departments,which has posed extremely challenging requirements for higher engineering education to cultivate engineering talents with comprehensive engineering qualities who can solve complex engineering problems.However,practical engineering problems may involve a complex knowledge chain of interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary cross-coupling.Therefore,higher engineering education needs to form a new interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary integrated engineering innovation talent training system.Based on the characteristics of the mechanical and electronic engineering major,we will reshape and reconstruct the core courses of the mechanical and electronic engineering major.Two core courses are formed:Drive and Measurement and Control I and Drive and Measurement and Control II,with information flow and energy flow as the main lines,following up with the comprehensive practical curriculum system based on the unity of knowledge and practice and ability-oriented thinking,supporting teaching objectives,promoting students’individual development,and providing guidelines for relevant curriculum reforms.展开更多
Photovoltaic (PV) modules have emerged as an ideal technology of choice for <span>harvesting vastly available renewable energy resources. However, the effi</span>ciency <span>of PV modules remains si...Photovoltaic (PV) modules have emerged as an ideal technology of choice for <span>harvesting vastly available renewable energy resources. However, the effi</span>ciency <span>of PV modules remains significantly lower than that of other renewable</span> energy sources such as wind and hydro. One of the critical elements affecting a photovoltaic module’s efficiency is the variety of external climatic conditions under which it is installed. In this work, the effect of simulated snow loads was evaluated on the performance of PV modules with different <span>types of cells and numbers of busbars. According to ASTM-1830 and IEC-1215</span> standards, a load of 5400 Pa was applied to the surface of PV modules for 3 hours. An indigenously developed pneumatic airbag test setup was used for the uniform application of this load throughout the test, which was validated by load cell and pressure gauge. Electroluminescence (EL) imaging and solar flash tests were performed before and after the application of load to characterize the performance and effect of load on PV modules. Based on these tests, the maxi<span>mum power output, efficiency, fill factor and series resistance were deter</span>mined. The results show that polycrystalline modules are the most likely to withstand the snow loads as compared to monocrystalline PV modules. A maximum drop of 32.13% in the power output and a 17.6% increase in series resistance were observed in the modules having more cracks. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of the newly established test setup and the potential of snow loads for reducing the overall performance of PV module.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries owing to cost-effective potassium resources and a suitable redox potential of-2.93 V(vs.-3.04 V for Li+/Li).However,the explo...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries owing to cost-effective potassium resources and a suitable redox potential of-2.93 V(vs.-3.04 V for Li+/Li).However,the exploration of appro-priate electrode materials with the correct size for reversibly accommodating large K+ions presents a significant challenge.In addition,the reaction mecha-nisms and origins of enhanced performance remain elusive.Here,tetragonal FeSe nanoflakes of different sizes are designed to serve as an anode for PIBs,and their live and atomic-scale potassiation/depotassiation mechanisms are revealed for the first time through in situ high-resolution transmission electron micros-copy.We found that FeSe undergoes two distinct structural evolutions,sequen-tially characterized by intercalation and conversion reactions,and the initial intercalation behavior is size-dependent.Apparent expansion induced by the intercalation of K+ions is observed in small-sized FeSe nanoflakes,whereas unexpected cracks are formed along the direction of ionic diffusion in large-sized nanoflakes.The significant stress generation and crack extension originating from the combined effect of mechanical and electrochemical interactions are elucidated by geometric phase analysis and finite-element analysis.Despite the different intercalation behaviors,the formed products of Fe and K_(2)Se after full potassiation can be converted back into the original FeSe phase upon depotassiation.In particular,small-sized nanoflakes exhibit better cycling perfor-mance with well-maintained structural integrity.This article presents the first successful demonstration of atomic-scale visualization that can reveal size-dependent potassiation dynamics.Moreover,it provides valuable guidelines for optimizing the dimensions of electrode materials for advanced PIBs.展开更多
采用二元混合自组装膜修饰纳米金颗粒,在经自组装单分子层修饰的金电极上阵列式排布,并通过共价键固定抗体形成生物敏感膜。采用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜和阻抗谱分别对电极表面的修饰过程进行了表征。纳米粒子在微电极表面均匀分布,没...采用二元混合自组装膜修饰纳米金颗粒,在经自组装单分子层修饰的金电极上阵列式排布,并通过共价键固定抗体形成生物敏感膜。采用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜和阻抗谱分别对电极表面的修饰过程进行了表征。纳米粒子在微电极表面均匀分布,没有明显的团聚,并且可实现抗体有效固定。基于标准互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)工艺和微加工技术,利用该抗体固定化方法,制备了糖化血红蛋白免疫微传感器,可同时检测血液中的糖化血红蛋白和血红蛋白含量,其对糖化血红蛋白和血红蛋白的检测范围分别为14～170μg/L和167～570μg/L。展开更多
文摘With the arrival of the intelligence era of Industry 4.0,social development has shown complex and diversified characteristics,gradually forming an innovation ecological environment constructed by vertical interaction of multi-layer innovation systems and horizontal collaboration of multiple organizations and departments,which has posed extremely challenging requirements for higher engineering education to cultivate engineering talents with comprehensive engineering qualities who can solve complex engineering problems.However,practical engineering problems may involve a complex knowledge chain of interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary cross-coupling.Therefore,higher engineering education needs to form a new interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary integrated engineering innovation talent training system.Based on the characteristics of the mechanical and electronic engineering major,we will reshape and reconstruct the core courses of the mechanical and electronic engineering major.Two core courses are formed:Drive and Measurement and Control I and Drive and Measurement and Control II,with information flow and energy flow as the main lines,following up with the comprehensive practical curriculum system based on the unity of knowledge and practice and ability-oriented thinking,supporting teaching objectives,promoting students’individual development,and providing guidelines for relevant curriculum reforms.
文摘Photovoltaic (PV) modules have emerged as an ideal technology of choice for <span>harvesting vastly available renewable energy resources. However, the effi</span>ciency <span>of PV modules remains significantly lower than that of other renewable</span> energy sources such as wind and hydro. One of the critical elements affecting a photovoltaic module’s efficiency is the variety of external climatic conditions under which it is installed. In this work, the effect of simulated snow loads was evaluated on the performance of PV modules with different <span>types of cells and numbers of busbars. According to ASTM-1830 and IEC-1215</span> standards, a load of 5400 Pa was applied to the surface of PV modules for 3 hours. An indigenously developed pneumatic airbag test setup was used for the uniform application of this load throughout the test, which was validated by load cell and pressure gauge. Electroluminescence (EL) imaging and solar flash tests were performed before and after the application of load to characterize the performance and effect of load on PV modules. Based on these tests, the maxi<span>mum power output, efficiency, fill factor and series resistance were deter</span>mined. The results show that polycrystalline modules are the most likely to withstand the snow loads as compared to monocrystalline PV modules. A maximum drop of 32.13% in the power output and a 17.6% increase in series resistance were observed in the modules having more cracks. These findings demonstrated the efficacy of the newly established test setup and the potential of snow loads for reducing the overall performance of PV module.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFB1304902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12004034,U1813211,22005247,11904372,51502007,52072323,52122211,12174019,and 51972058)+1 种基金the Gen-eral Research Fund of Hong Kong(Project No.11217221)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant No.2021M690386).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are considered promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries owing to cost-effective potassium resources and a suitable redox potential of-2.93 V(vs.-3.04 V for Li+/Li).However,the exploration of appro-priate electrode materials with the correct size for reversibly accommodating large K+ions presents a significant challenge.In addition,the reaction mecha-nisms and origins of enhanced performance remain elusive.Here,tetragonal FeSe nanoflakes of different sizes are designed to serve as an anode for PIBs,and their live and atomic-scale potassiation/depotassiation mechanisms are revealed for the first time through in situ high-resolution transmission electron micros-copy.We found that FeSe undergoes two distinct structural evolutions,sequen-tially characterized by intercalation and conversion reactions,and the initial intercalation behavior is size-dependent.Apparent expansion induced by the intercalation of K+ions is observed in small-sized FeSe nanoflakes,whereas unexpected cracks are formed along the direction of ionic diffusion in large-sized nanoflakes.The significant stress generation and crack extension originating from the combined effect of mechanical and electrochemical interactions are elucidated by geometric phase analysis and finite-element analysis.Despite the different intercalation behaviors,the formed products of Fe and K_(2)Se after full potassiation can be converted back into the original FeSe phase upon depotassiation.In particular,small-sized nanoflakes exhibit better cycling perfor-mance with well-maintained structural integrity.This article presents the first successful demonstration of atomic-scale visualization that can reveal size-dependent potassiation dynamics.Moreover,it provides valuable guidelines for optimizing the dimensions of electrode materials for advanced PIBs.
文摘采用二元混合自组装膜修饰纳米金颗粒,在经自组装单分子层修饰的金电极上阵列式排布,并通过共价键固定抗体形成生物敏感膜。采用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜和阻抗谱分别对电极表面的修饰过程进行了表征。纳米粒子在微电极表面均匀分布,没有明显的团聚,并且可实现抗体有效固定。基于标准互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)工艺和微加工技术,利用该抗体固定化方法,制备了糖化血红蛋白免疫微传感器,可同时检测血液中的糖化血红蛋白和血红蛋白含量,其对糖化血红蛋白和血红蛋白的检测范围分别为14～170μg/L和167～570μg/L。
