Multilevel Protection of Human Rights in the Inter-American System: Existence of this Protection at International and National Levels

This paper seeks to demonstrate that in the Inter-American human rights system, there is a form of multilevel human rights protection. To do so, a number of institutions where this protection is present are reviewed. In addition, regulatory and practical bases having made this form of protection possible are outlined. Lastly, the issue of the relationship produced at the level of the judiciary from this multilevel discussion between national and international systems is discussed.

From the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings--The Past, Present, and Future of International Human Rights Protection

The UN Charter first of all affirmed the basic concept of international protection of human rights and opened up a broad space for international protection of human rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an important document in the development of the international human rights cause. It established a set of international standards for basic human rights, represents the world’s most important consensus on human rights, and contributes greatly to the creation of an international human rights legal system. The important theory put forward by President Xi Jinping to build a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings, as a Chinese program for today s global major issues, also outlines a new blueprint for national human rights protection and will play a major role in promoting the development of China’s human rights and international human rights protection.

Predicaments and Countermeasures of the Protection of Migrant Workers' Human Rights——From the Perspective of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

International migration mainly happens between the North and the South Mig rant workers have made important contributions to the inclusive growth and sustainable development of world economy, but their human rights are often violated In recent years, frequent extreme terrorists attacks and large-scale refugee influxes have triggered anti-for eign sentiment and policies in developed countries, which expose migrant workers to an unprecedented human rights crisis The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is an important convention adopted by the United Nations that specially protects human rights of migrant workers However, as the convention has not been ratified by major developed countries where most migrant workers seek employment, the protection regime has an empty shell Developing countries where most migrant workers originate from should strengthen cooperation among themselves and urge developed countries to fulfill the duty of human rights protection by normalizing the status of migrant workers and that of members of their families in employment countries and ratifying the convention as soon as possible.

Concept of building a Community with a Shared Future for Human beings and International Cooperation on Pandemic Prevention and Control——Global Pandemic Prevention and Control and Human rights Protection the Second Session of the Series of international S

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has posed a great challenge to the human rights protection.On May 18,2020,the second session of the series of international seminars on"Global Pandemic Prevention and Control and Human Rights Protection",organized by the Institute of Human Rights of China University of Political Science and Law under the guidance of the China Society for Human Rights Studies,was held online.The seminar was themed on the Concept of Building a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings and International Cooperation on Pandemic Prevention and Control."Through the seminr,Chinese and foreign experts discussed in depth the values of human rights theories,the specific practices and measures taken by China and the European Union in fighting COVID-19,the protection of human rights in emergencies and the issue of human rights derogation.The seminar delivered a general consensus that prejudice should be abandoned in public health emergencies and international cooperation is continuously promoted within the framework of the United Nations to build a community with a shared future for human beings.

The International Protection of Women's Human Rights:with Emphasis on UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

1. The International Protection of Women＇s Human Rights： Emergence of CEDAW For a long time, women＇s rights have been excluded from traditional discourse on human right. The traditional discourse on human rights has developed without considering its impact upon women. Transforming this discourse to a perspective that will consider the needs and vindications of women is absolutely essential.1 Although international efforts addressing women＇s issues presumed to be associated with women began in the nineteenth century, it was in the postwar period that such activity gained a coherent focus under the auspices of United Nations.

The Constitutional Analysis of Human Rights Legislative Protection

The paths for applying the international human rights conventions in China should be recognized as follows: On the premise of respecting the Constitution of China, systematic human rights which could coordinate the relationship between the Constitution of China and international human rights conventions. The source of the human rights legislation obligations of the legislative organs of China is the Constitution of China, not the international human rights conventions. The legislature should understand and grasp the main contents of the human rights legislation obligations of the legislature according to Paragraph 3 of Article 33 of the Constitution while the interpretation of this clause must be based on the relevant provisions of the international human rights conventions. Human rights legislative obligations of the legislature can be classified into two types: legislative protecting obligations and legislative relief obligations of human rights. The NPC and its Standing Committee should be structurally responsible for the human rights legislation obligation, and the State Council and other organs of the State not for the legislation protection of human rights. A special human rights law should be enacted by the NPC.

International Cooperation and Human Rights Protection in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic

The protection of human rights through international cooperation has a long history.Core human rights conventions,regional human rights treaties and other human rights instruments have continuously developed the meaning and scope of international human rights cooperation.The modern risk-laden society with a high degree of complexity and uncertainty has changed the world pattern,which calls for the building of a community with a shared future for human beings with cooperation as the starting point.Under the constant threat of the novel coronavirus,we must continue to deepen the concept of a community with a shared future for human beings,adhere to a“human rights-oriented”approach,and pay particular attention to the current supply and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine as an important global public good.Only through solidarity and cooperation can mankind finally win the battle against this pandemic and protect human rights.

The Fight Against Terrorism and Extremism and Human Rights Protection in Xinjiang

March 2019 Contents Foreword I.Xinjiang Has Long Been an Inseparable Part of Chinese Territory II.The Origin of Terrorism and Extremism in Xinjiang III.Violent Terrorism and Religious Extremism Are Grave Abuses of Human Rights IV.Striking at Terrorism and Extremism in Accordance with the Law V.Giving Top Priority to a Preventive Counterterrorism Approach VI.Finding Experience for Counterterrorism and De-radicalization VII.

An Academic Summary of the International Seminar Series on “Safeguarding the Right to Life in the Epidemic Prevention and Control”

Guided by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and organized by Southwest University of Political Science and Law,the First Session of the Series of International Seminars on"Global Epidemic Prevention and Control and Human Rights Protection"was held in Chongqing on May 9,2020.The seminar featured the theme of"Guarantee of the Right to Life in Epidemic Prevention and Control"and two sub-topics:"Value Status and Legal Protection of the Right to Life"and Safeguarding the Right to Life of Vulnerable Groups under the Pandemic".Over 40 experts and scholars from China,the Netherlands,France,Pakistan and Sri Lanka attended the conference,and conducted in-depth discussions on specific issues such as"life supremacy","attributes of the right to life","government responsibilities","protection of vulnerable groups","balance of the right to life and other human rights",and"science-based approaches to epidemic prevention".This conference reaffirmed the key idea of life supremacy,which is conducive to strengthening the safeguarding of and attention to the right to life in the global pandemic prevention and control.

International Seminar on Criminal Penalty Execution and Human Rights Protection

An International Seminar on Criminal Penalty Execution and Human Rights Protection was held in Kunming, capital of Yunnan Province from November 28-29, 2005. Sponsored by the Chinese Supreme People＇s Procuratorate, the UNDP, the Norway Parliament Administrative Supervisor＇s Office and the China International Economic and Technical Exchange Center of the Ministry of Commerce, the seminar was attended by more than 190 Chinese and foreign representatives from the International Prosecutors＇ Association,

价值回归背景下国际碳交易制度的完善

《巴黎协定》国际碳交易制度体现了环境价值、经济价值和社会价值相统一的多维价值目标,这是对《京都议定书》时期碳交易实践的价值纠偏,也是对制度初衷的价值回归。然而,价值实现的关键在于制度规范与价值目标的契合度。以“价值——原则——规则”作为分析框架,解析国际碳交易制度的功能价值,可知公平、环境完整性、人权保障和可持续发展应作为其核心原则。通过对国际碳交易规则与原则的匹配度检视,发现存在“国家自主贡献”的充分性和公平性评估机制缺失、资金和技术以及能力建设缺乏履约执行机制、人权保障和可持续发展原则存在“建设性模糊”、ITMOs实现核心原则具有不确定性等问题。故此,完善“国家自主贡献”的自证和跟踪机制、落实资金和能力建设支持机制、构建国际碳交易原则评估体系以及加强ITMOs规则的指导性是制度完善的有效路径。

国际人权法对引渡原则的影响

国际人权法在各国国内的实施,促进了保障人权的国际标准在世界范围被广泛接受,并推动了国际法的人本化过程。国际人权法通过被纳入引渡条约和国内法并适用于引渡案件中,对引渡的制度与实践产生了结构性影响。这不仅强化了罪行特定原则、双重犯罪原则与禁止双重危险原则等原有引渡原则对人权的尊重和保障,而且还直接产生了以保障被引渡人的人权为导向的引渡原则——禁止歧视原则和酷刑不引渡原则。国际人权法对引渡原则的影响在兼顾国家引渡利益的同时,强调了国家对人权保障义务的履行,改变了现代引渡制度的整体风貌。

人类命运共同体视角下我国移民遣返阻却事由的构建

随着国际人权法的发展,人权保护理念在若干涉及国际移民治理的国际条约中得到体现,对国家在移民治理中行使驱逐权措施的限制不断加大,具体表现为国家实施遣返必须尊重被遣返者人权,禁止“任意遣返”或“将外国人推回至危险境地”等遣返阻却事由等规定。然而,对于在国际移民治理中如何处理国家主权与人权保护的冲突尚未完全解决。人类命运共同体思想对于理解主权与人权的时代内涵提供了新的阐释。一方面,尊重国家主权不意味着在移民遣返中可以无视人权保护的客观要求,我国应尽快设置遣返阻却事由,依法保护外国人的权利;另一方面,国家主权原则是进行国际移民治理的基石,一国可以基于国家安全等因素进行移民遣返考量,针对部分非法移民滥用遣返阻却事由可能危及国家利益的情况,我国也要制定禁止遣返的例外条款以及相应的审查评估机制,维护国际移民治理的安全与秩序。

释放还是羁押——扩大适用取保候审的困难与选择

保释是目前世界范围内占主导地位的羁押替代措施。在欧美法治国家,保释是常态,羁押是例外。取保候审是我国《刑诉法》规定的一种非羁押性强制措施。因应刑事司法中保障人权的趋势和要求,扩大适用非羁押措施是刑事司法改革内容之一,但在我国目前社会状况下,囿于文化传统、民众心理、司法体制、物质基础、社会控制手段等因素,扩大适用取保候审存在诸多困难。认识和面对这些困难,以做出正确的改革选择是司法改革的重要环节。

知识产权与人权:后TRIPS时代的知识产权国际保护

TRIPS的产生,在促进知识产权国际保护发展的同时,也被认为造成了知识产权制度与国际人权法之间的冲突。从立法宗旨上讲,不管对知识产权采用什么样的措辞,知识产权保护应与维护人类尊严和实现其他人权相一致。所以,我们必须开展有关研究工作,探寻如何在包括TRIPS在内的国际条约框架下,协调好知识产权与人权之间的关系;具体说来,知识产权国际保护制度必须以国际人权公约的价值取向为指导,在保护作者精神权、隐私权、公共健康与环境等方面进行制度改革。

《奥林匹克宪章》与国际人权保护

体育是人类文明的重要组成部分,近代奥林匹克运动会的影响力几乎波及世界的每一个角落。作为其纲领性文件——《奥林匹克宪章》在推进体育事业发展的同时也为国际人权保护提供了崭新的视角。宪章保护的人权包括人格尊严权、生命健康权、平等不受歧视待遇权以及发展权等。《奥林匹克宪章》通过体育运动这一没有歧视、人类最直接的本体交流平台,宣扬人权的要义,传播人权的理念,推进人权的国际保护,为人类文明的发展作出了不可替代的贡献。

国际法人本化趋向下海外中国公民保护的性质演进及进路选择

全球化背景下中国公民走出国门的人数越来越多,他们在国外面临的形势不容乐观,而如何保护其权益则是我国必须思考的问题。国际法人本化趋向下保护海外中国公民权益不仅是国家的一项权利,更是一项义务和责任。目前,我国在保护海外公民权益实践当中还存在诸多不足,因而有必要在我国实行外交为民、执政为民的理念下进一步完善海外公民权益保护的策略,以切实保护其权益不受它国的非法侵害。

国际投资法中的人权保护问题研究——以国际投资仲裁实践为视角

现有的国际投资协定极少对人权问题作专门规定,而双边投资协定为投资者确立了很高的保护标准,这使得东道国居民人权与投资者财产权之间的冲突与矛盾难以避免。投资者—东道国投资仲裁庭的实践则将这种潜在的矛盾明朗化。仲裁庭在实践中热衷于保护投资者的财产权,对于东道国居民的经济、社会等方面的人权,一般以程序问题为由加以规避。这些矛盾与问题源于对"国际投资法的自足性"和"仲裁庭身份定位"这两个前提性理论问题认识的不清。为平衡东道国居民的人权保护与投资者财产权保护,须从对投资协定实体方面和投资仲裁的程序方面,对国际投资法进行完善。

非物质文化遗产的国际人权保护研究——以《保护非物质文化遗产公约》为视角

自2003年《保护非物质文化遗产公约》通过后,非物质文化遗产保护开始进入国际法领域,非物质文化遗产国际人权保护得以形成。然而,非物质文化遗产国际人权保护在人权评判标准的确立和保护机制的完善上还面临较大的困境。这些困境制约了非物质文化遗产国际人权保护的进一步发展。因此,既有必要从理论上解决国际人权标准的分歧,采用一种以尊重文化多样性为基础的人权评判标准,也有必要从制度上完善国际人权保护的运行机制,建立对话协商和动态审查机制,采用"对情况作恰度评估"原则,使非物质文化遗产国际人权保护摆脱困境、获得长足发展。

国际法人本化趋向下海外中国公民保护的性质演进及进路选择

全球化背景下中国公民走出国门的人数越来越多,他们在国外面临的形势不容乐观,而如何保护其权益则是我国必须思考的问题与人权保护践行的重点。国际法人本化趋向下保护海外中国公民权益不仅是国家的一项权利,更是一项义务和责任。目前,我国在保护海外公民权益实践当中还存在诸多不足,因而有必要在我国实行外交为民、执政为民的理念下进一步完善海外公民权益保护的策略,以切实保护其权益不受它国的非法侵害。