Maillard reaction(MR)is a non-enzymatic browning reaction commonly seen in food processing,which occurs between reducing sugars and compounds with amino groups.Despite certain advantages based on Maillard reaction pro...Maillard reaction(MR)is a non-enzymatic browning reaction commonly seen in food processing,which occurs between reducing sugars and compounds with amino groups.Despite certain advantages based on Maillard reaction products(MRPs)found in some food for health and storage application have appeared,however,the MR occurring in human physiological environment can produce advanced glycation end products(AGEs)by non-enzymatic modification of macromolecules such as proteins,lipids and nucleic acid,which could change the structure and functional activity of the molecules themselves.In this review,we take AGEs as our main object,on the one hand,discuss physiologic aging,that is,age-dependent covalent cross-linking and modification of proteins such as collagen that occur in eyes and skin containing connective tissue.On the other hand,pathological aging associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,neurodegenerative diseases,diabetes and diabetic nephropathy,cardiovascular diseases and bone degenerative diseases have been mainly proposed.Based on the series of adverse effects of accelerated aging and disease pathologies caused by MRPs,the possible harm caused by some MR can be slowed down or inhibited by artificial drug intervention,dietary pattern and lifestyle control.It also stimulates people's curiosity to continue to explore the potential link between the MR and human aging and health,which should be paid more attention to for the development of life sciences.展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out whether the simple reaction time was faster for auditory or visual stimulus and the factors responsible for improving the performance of the athlete. Methodology: 1...Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out whether the simple reaction time was faster for auditory or visual stimulus and the factors responsible for improving the performance of the athlete. Methodology: 14 subjects were as- signed randomly into groups consisting of 2 members. Both the members from each group performed both the visual and auditory tests. The tests were taken from the DirectRT software program from a laptop. The DirectRT software consists of Testlabvisual and Testlabsounds to test the reaction times to visual and auditory stimuli. The 2 members from each group completed both the visual and auditory reaction times, the data was taken and the mean reaction time was calculated excluding the first and last values. Results: The results show that the mean visual reaction time is around 331 milliseconds as compared to the mean auditory reaction time of around 284 milliseconds. Conclusion: This shows that the auditory reaction time is faster than the visual reaction time. And also males have faster reaction times when compared to females for both auditory as well as visual stimuli.展开更多
从新疆干旱地区获得的根瘤菌对盐、碱、高温和抗菌素等不利条件有较强的抗逆性。测试菌中分别有47%和32%的菌株在0.68mol/L 和0.86—1.03mol/L NaCl 的 YMA 培养基上生长;49%菌株在 pH4的 YMA 培养基上生长;85%在 pH10的 YMA 培养基上生...从新疆干旱地区获得的根瘤菌对盐、碱、高温和抗菌素等不利条件有较强的抗逆性。测试菌中分别有47%和32%的菌株在0.68mol/L 和0.86—1.03mol/L NaCl 的 YMA 培养基上生长;49%菌株在 pH4的 YMA 培养基上生长;85%在 pH10的 YMA 培养基上生长;43%菌株在43℃条件下生长;55%菌株60℃处理10分钟后仍然能正常生长;41%、26%菌株分别耐500r、1000r 的链霉素。新疆根瘤菌除具备一般根瘤菌鉴定特性外,测试菌中50%菌株利用柠檬酸;68%菌株液化明胶;36%菌株水解酪素,与一般根瘤菌反应特性不一致。展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82170873,81871095)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81974503)the Tsinghua University Spring Breeze Fund (20211080005)。
文摘Maillard reaction(MR)is a non-enzymatic browning reaction commonly seen in food processing,which occurs between reducing sugars and compounds with amino groups.Despite certain advantages based on Maillard reaction products(MRPs)found in some food for health and storage application have appeared,however,the MR occurring in human physiological environment can produce advanced glycation end products(AGEs)by non-enzymatic modification of macromolecules such as proteins,lipids and nucleic acid,which could change the structure and functional activity of the molecules themselves.In this review,we take AGEs as our main object,on the one hand,discuss physiologic aging,that is,age-dependent covalent cross-linking and modification of proteins such as collagen that occur in eyes and skin containing connective tissue.On the other hand,pathological aging associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,neurodegenerative diseases,diabetes and diabetic nephropathy,cardiovascular diseases and bone degenerative diseases have been mainly proposed.Based on the series of adverse effects of accelerated aging and disease pathologies caused by MRPs,the possible harm caused by some MR can be slowed down or inhibited by artificial drug intervention,dietary pattern and lifestyle control.It also stimulates people's curiosity to continue to explore the potential link between the MR and human aging and health,which should be paid more attention to for the development of life sciences.
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out whether the simple reaction time was faster for auditory or visual stimulus and the factors responsible for improving the performance of the athlete. Methodology: 14 subjects were as- signed randomly into groups consisting of 2 members. Both the members from each group performed both the visual and auditory tests. The tests were taken from the DirectRT software program from a laptop. The DirectRT software consists of Testlabvisual and Testlabsounds to test the reaction times to visual and auditory stimuli. The 2 members from each group completed both the visual and auditory reaction times, the data was taken and the mean reaction time was calculated excluding the first and last values. Results: The results show that the mean visual reaction time is around 331 milliseconds as compared to the mean auditory reaction time of around 284 milliseconds. Conclusion: This shows that the auditory reaction time is faster than the visual reaction time. And also males have faster reaction times when compared to females for both auditory as well as visual stimuli.
文摘从新疆干旱地区获得的根瘤菌对盐、碱、高温和抗菌素等不利条件有较强的抗逆性。测试菌中分别有47%和32%的菌株在0.68mol/L 和0.86—1.03mol/L NaCl 的 YMA 培养基上生长;49%菌株在 pH4的 YMA 培养基上生长;85%在 pH10的 YMA 培养基上生长;43%菌株在43℃条件下生长;55%菌株60℃处理10分钟后仍然能正常生长;41%、26%菌株分别耐500r、1000r 的链霉素。新疆根瘤菌除具备一般根瘤菌鉴定特性外,测试菌中50%菌株利用柠檬酸;68%菌株液化明胶;36%菌株水解酪素,与一般根瘤菌反应特性不一致。
