The Leisure Style of Men of Letters in the Late Ming Dynasty and Its Social Influence

This paper explored the background of the leisure boom among the literati in the late Ming Dynasty from the aspects of politics, economy, ideology and social environment, and elaborated the leisure styles of the literati in terms of enjoying a sightseeing tour, sampling wine and tea, appreciating and collecting calligraphy and painting works, favoring theatergoing, indulging in dallying with prostitutes, practicing meditation, and building gardens, and analyzed the influence of their leisure styles on the painting and calligraphy art, drama, literary creation, garden construction and other aspects of the society at that time. It is hoped that this paper can provide a deep understanding of social politics, economy, ideology and culture in the late Ming Dynasty and a reference for the development of the current leisure tourism.

Overview of the plague in the late Ming Dynasty and its prevention and control measures

The plague of the late Ming Dynasty(15511644 C.E.)was long lasting,affected a wide range of the population,and had serious consequences.The purpose of this study is to review the medical system in place at the time and the measures instituted to prevent and control the plague during the late Ming Dynasty.Information on the history of the Ming Dynasty(13681644 C.E.),local chronicles,and related research literature were consulted and analyzed in terms of duration,geographical area,and other dimensions of the epidemic.Because of the abnormal climate,wide range of natural disasters,and the impact of war,the epidemic spread over a wide area during the late Ming Dynasty.The government’s epidemic prevention measures were affected by war and other factors,resulting in poor control of the outbreak.However,in terms of the medical system in place during the Ming Dynasty,some of the thinking and methods of prevention and control of the plague were historical and progressive.Some outstanding physicians such as Wu Youke(15821652 C.E.)appeared during this period.His theory of plague prevention and control had a profound influence on the formation and development of pestilence deterrence in later generations.In the late Ming Dynasty,rich experiences and measures of prevention and control were accumulated in the struggle against the plague.These methods and experiences also have a significant,positive guiding influence on the prevention and control of plague in the present day.

Study on the Factors of Kunming Temple Garden in the Period of Ming and Qing Dynasties

Being based on preliminary study of Kunming famous temples during the Ming and Qing dynasties,field investigation was carried out about the framework of landscape,layout of waters,characteristic of structure and plant furnishing in Tanhua temple,Black Dragon Pool,Masijid of Shuncheng,Haiyuan temple and Golden Shrine which are famous temple garden in Kunming. A simple interpretation was drawn of artistic characteristics on temple garden in Kunming during the Ming and Qing dynasties via analytical investigation on many factors which influenced the development of garden of Dynasties of Ming and Qing. Then we have reviewed the elemental traits of temple garden built at that time,put forward some constructive suggestions on how to protect and develop those temple garden now still exist in Kunming.

Social Classes and Cultural Connotations of Yangzhou Home Gardens during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China

During the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China(1870-1930),the social classes in Yangzhou were basically dominated by officials,businessmen,and scholars.In the building number,scale,and functional evolution of their home gardens,these three classes were different,reflecting abundant connotation of characteristic of the time and regional culture,revealing the inheritance path of Yangzhou culture,as well as the richness and diversity of home gardens in Yangzhou during the late Qing Dynasty and the early period of the Republic of China.

CHINESE LADY'S DAILY WEAR IN LATE QING DYNASTY AND EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.

Research and Discussion on the Stereotyped Writing Criticism Genre during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

In this paper, we conduct research on the stereotyped writing criticism genre during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Eightpart essay writing is a comprehensive strong style, its four topics from the fi ve classics, and its basic form is gradually formed in the evolution of the core imperial examination in China. Review especially on origin, teachers not only with the righteousness that try post poems strategy is so far producing precious examination style also with basic prose. Although some scholars also mentioned as this period literature genre that presents regional features mainly by the local cultural history environment, family relations, economic basis and other factors, but ignores the literature community in the form of the regional literature genre has played important role in the general process. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel ideals on the corresponding issues that will help understand and analyzes the characteristics of stereotyped writing more.

晚清民国常武地区针灸医家挖掘和整理

晚清至民国时期,在常武地区,以费、马、巢、丁为代表的孟河医派,在中医的发展史上留下过浓墨重彩的一笔,这四大医家均是以内外科而闻名于世。在同时期,常武地区同样走出了很多著名的针灸医家。文章通过整理和发掘,回溯常武地区走出的针灸医家的故事,研究其对针灸发展的主要贡献,丰富常武地区针灸学术史。

明遗民集序书写的纪传与想象

别集序在文体初创时期,就已经确立了传记写作的传统。明末清初的遗民通过诗文来回应国家和自我身份认同等问题。这种回应体现在别集序的书写中,使其中的纪传部分更加注重真实性的表达。然而,由于别集序的主观创作空间较大,真实与想象的成分在遗民的别集序中交织在一起,这无疑影响了通过“知人论世”的传统批评方法所得批评主张的有效性。此外,集序作者往往通过个人经历的想象和性情的投射来塑造遗民的形象。这种塑造可能源于作者真实情感的流露,也可能出于对经典文本的模仿。因此,遗民集序中的人物形象可能与他们的历史行为存在差异,这进一步影响了集序所传达的文学批评要素的接受和传播。

明代山左底层文人的日常书写与晚年心态解析——以王克笃的散曲集《适暮稿》为考察对象

通过对王克笃散曲集《适暮稿》中日常生活书写的细读与研究,分析了他自足、自适、清高、自遣、淑世、喟世、哀穷的复杂心态,认为这些心态的产生与其生活环境、身份地位、年龄时段、个体性情、治生观念有着疏密不同的关系。

交往的情趣:元末明初江南诗人的风雅之好

元末明初诗歌创作呈现丰富、多面的色彩,江南诗人的题画唱和即为其中之一。在社会乱离背景下,江南诗人以题画表达时代之思、离别之情和隐逸之趣,体现出不同一般题画诗的创作趣味和文化内涵。他们以题画送别、交往唱和、共赏题诗等方式,共同促成了这一时期江南诗坛的兴盛景象。元末明初江南诗人在文学交往过程中展现的风雅之好,是构成该时期诗歌创作景观的重要面向。今人建构元末明初诗史图像,江南诗人的题画唱和之作应进入关注视野。

明清之际文化转型中的经世实学——兼谈《虚实之辨:颜元的问题意识及其哲学展开》一书的新探索

17世纪中叶,亦即通常所说的明清之际,中国思想文化史上出现了顾炎武、黄宗羲、王夫之、方以智、李颙、傅山、颜元等一大批极富批判个性的思想家。他们对中国古代后期封建宗法社会君权政治及其思想意识形态进行了总体性的批判与重构,开启了封建文化内部的自我批判与时代转型。颜元实学思想是这一时期思想文化史上的一枝奇葩。

书院讲学与晚明理学传播——以“东林书院网络”为中心的考察

晚明是理学传播较活跃的时期,书院是理学传播的重要场域之一。晚明书院学人秉承修正儒脉的立说宗旨,思考理学传播中淑世精神的传递,通过讲会、结社等方式在书院或书院之外弘扬己说,构建传播网络,形成了以东林书院为代表的多个波及全国、影响社会深层结构的学派群体,对晚明清初学统构建和学术传承起到了重要作用。

中晚明诸名家文学创作工夫论概述

中晚明文学工夫论或承于传统的文学艺术工夫论,或根于朱熹格物致知之工夫论,或鉴于王学致良知的工夫论,或源于禅宗明心见性的工夫论,或合孟子的“知言”“养气”工夫为一体。如李东阳、王世贞、胡应麟、许学夷等人的文体工夫论重视学养、强调对文体规范、篇章字句之法的掌握;唐顺之、李贽、袁宏道等人的文学创作主体工夫论指向心性的修炼、知识的效用,主体精神的大解脱;王阳明倡导在心性本体上下工夫,至刘宗周、黄宗羲等则主张以工夫作为“存养”身心锻炼的本体。这亦势必影响其文学创作观念。充分认识中晚明诸名家文学创作工夫论的价值,对重新建构与阐释明代文学批评体系具有重要的理论意义。

元明之际浙东文人的文学史观与复古旨归

元明之际,浙东文人的文学复古与立身志意融合统一。首先,浙东文人以体、法浑融的三代之文为起点,建构起宗经、尊古而审时的文学史观,“文”的历时叙述与“时”的现实关切紧密结合。其次,浙东文人聚焦古律之变,提倡诗歌音调的尚古。尊尚古体诗的创作风气与讲求协和音调、反对诗歌律化的理论旨趣相辅相成,寄寓了浙东文人的政治理想。再次,浙东文人的立身志意与文学正变观念相互交织,君子之志彰显文学师古的主体价值,形成“人”与“文”的精神同构。最后,“流而为文人”、正变诗风、复古气象等论说,关涉明代文学复古路径的意、辞分衍。元明之际,浙东文人的文学复古与明中后期转向审美化、精细化的文学复古存在显著差异。

“Macrohistory” and “Microhistory” in the writing of library history: From the perspective of library archives in the periods of late Qing Dynasty and Republican of China

Research paradigms determine the ways the history is written and the consequent research products.By analyzing the present historiography paradigms in library history,their characteristics and limitations,this study proposes new paradigms based on library archives in the periods of Late Qing Dynasty and Republican China.

鄂省报刊与清末农业改良运动的兴起——以《湖北学生界》《汉口中西报》和《湖北农会报》为中心的考察

在清末传统农业日益凋敝的背景下,《湖北学生界》《汉口中西报》和《湖北农会报》凭借特点鲜明的农业改良话语,成为鄂省颇具代表性的报刊。它们关注时代变革,通过多维度的宣传,引导国人投身农业改良。为了推动农业改良的合理施行,报刊大胆探索,提出各种有利于农业发展的新策略。针对农业改良中的现实问题或不足之处,报刊还提出了富有建设性的意见。另外,通过对近代农学理论和农业实用技术的传播,增强了国人改良农业的信心和能力。鄂省报刊的舆论宣传,有力地推动了清末农业改良运动的兴起。

肇建与重修:明代高阳文庙丛考——以河北省社会科学院所藏高阳碑刻拓片为中心

明代地方府、州、县学,又称为庙学,其兴废盛衰是衡量当时某地文教科举发展的一个重要指标。河北省社科院所藏高阳碑刻拓片中与明代文庙有关者有12通,其中标题直接标识文庙重修者有4通。通过这些碑刻并结合其他典籍和碑刻资料可知,高阳文庙肇建于洪武三年(1370年)的说法是错误的,其至晚可追溯至宋元时期。自洪武三年易址重建后,各时期重修不辍,但分布并不均衡,主要集中于明万历年间。这与该地当时文教和科举之盛呈正相关,并相互促进。

晚明园林美学的生活范式转向与政治重构

晚明园林美学在总体规划和空间布置上转向注重实用功能和满足享乐欲望的生活范式。结合阳明心学取代程朱理学主宰地位的思想史视野,晚明园林美学的范式在心—物关系上表现为顺应和直接性的关系,同时将物欲和感官纳入了道体的范围,逾越阳明心学设想的日用转向的限度。在身—道的关系中,欲望和日常性分别成为道体所容纳的新内容和新场域,由此道统在治统关涉的范围之外创构独立于“得君行道”模式的生活空间。园林美学创构的生活空间,是一个治统缺位的自治性场域,以间接的方式削弱皇权的符号威望和影响力,这是一种弱势的审美政治批判。

明末至晚清传统书目与新学书目对西学的认知及差异

明末至晚清,受时代变迁和学术变化的影响,出现了传统书目与新学书目两种目录学著作。两种书目对西书均有著录,并通过提要等方式评判西书,尤其重视对科技类、宗教类和史地类西书的讨论,体现出不同的价值取向。它们对科技类西书都较为赞赏,但传统书目多注重其实用性,新学书目更注重其科学性;对宗教类西书的评述都有否定之词,但传统书目多措辞激烈,新学书目则更为理性。和传统书目相比,新学书目更加重视史地、政法类西书的著录,其评语多涉及对国家、民族问题的思考,体现出一种世界眼光。传统书目作为专制文化与学术体系下的产物,多在实用价值层面上肯定西书,新学书目则将自身的政治诉求贯穿于西书评述之中,有着不同于传统书目的时代价值。