A micropolar mixture theory of multi-component porous media

A mixture theory is developed for multi-component micropolar porous media with a combination of the hybrid mixture theory and the micropolar continuum theory. The system is modeled as multi-component micropolar elastic solids saturated with multi- component micropolar viscous fluids. Balance equations are given through the mixture theory. Constitutive equations are developed based on the second law of thermodynamics and constitutive assumptions. Taking account of compressibility of solid phases, the volume fraction of fluid as an independent state variable is introduced in the free energy function, and the dynamic compatibility condition is obtained to restrict the change of pressure difference on the solid-fluid interface. The constructed constitutive equations are used to close the field equations. The linear field equations are obtained using a linearization procedure, and the micropolar thermo-hydro-mechanical component transport model is established. This model can be applied to practical problems, such as contaminant, drug, and pesticide transport. When the proposed model is supposed to be porous media, and both fluid and solid are single-component, it will almost agree with Eringen＇s model.

Object-Component Development of Application and Systems Theory and Practice

The Оbject-Componet Development (ОCD) is a variety of the compositional programmings, where a role of elements of assembling is warmed by objects, interfaces and components. For developing application systems, the theory of design of subject domain based on Frege object theory is developed, together with the presentation of their functions by methods and interfaces with formal annotations for saving them in libraries. Mathematical vehicle ОCDs are models, methods, algebra of operations of objective analysis and their configuring with the use of the component algebra of running, evolution and transformation of data types that are passed between objects through interfaces. Row of the theoretical and applied aspects ОCD was realized in the instrumental-technological complex (IТC) as CASE-instruments of web-site http://sestudy.edu-ua.net. With their help the students can study, create, model, certify and accumulate or configure the objects and components into repository of ITC, and also assemble together from them in more complex applied systems.

Minimum Amount of Extracting Solvent of a Separation of Two Rare Earth Components

A significant development in the theory of countercurrent extraction will be presented in this article. New expressions of the term in countercurrent extraction process analysis, “Adjacent Stage Impurity Ratio” (ASIR), are deduced. Furthermore, based on the term together with mass balance and extraction equilibrium, the conditions where a given countercurrent extraction separation operation can have minimum amounts of both extracting solvent and scrubbing agent solution can be estimated, and the equations of the two minimum amounts can be deduced. It was found that the equations for a two-component separation using a single aqueous or organic feed are exactly the same as they appeared in the theory initially established in 1970s. Unlike its earlier version, the present derivation does not involve feed-stage-composition hypothesis, and also has the advantage of dealing with a double-feed system where both aqueous and organic feeds are simultaneously employed whereas the earlier theory can only analyze a separation using a single aqueous or organic feed.

Data Component:An Innovative Framework for Information Value Metrics in the Digital Economy

The increasing dependence on data highlights the need for a detailed understanding of its behavior,encompassing the challenges involved in processing and evaluating it.However,current research lacks a comprehensive structure for measuring the worth of data elements,hindering effective navigation of the changing digital environment.This paper aims to fill this research gap by introducing the innovative concept of“data components.”It proposes a graphtheoretic representation model that presents a clear mathematical definition and demonstrates the superiority of data components over traditional processing methods.Additionally,the paper introduces an information measurement model that provides a way to calculate the information entropy of data components and establish their increased informational value.The paper also assesses the value of information,suggesting a pricing mechanism based on its significance.In conclusion,this paper establishes a robust framework for understanding and quantifying the value of implicit information in data,laying the groundwork for future research and practical applications.

Graph Theory and Matrix Approach(GTMA)Model for the Selec­tion of the Femoral-Component of Total Knee Joint Replacement

Total Knee Replacement(TKR)is the increasing trend now a day,in revision surgery which is associated with aseptic loosening,which is a challenging research for the TKR component.The selection of optimal material loosening can be controlled at some limits.This paper is going to consider the best material selected among a number of alternative materials for the femoral component(FC)by using Graph Theory.Here GTMA process used for optimization of material and a systematic technique introduced through sensitivity analysis to find out the more reliable result.Obtained ranking suggests the use of optimized material over the other existing material.By following GTMA Co_Cr-alloys(wrought-Co-Ni-Cr-Mo)and Co_Cr-alloys(cast-able-Co-Cr-Mo)are on the 1st and 2nd position respectively.

Estimation of Return Level for Maximum Daily and Hourly Precipitation in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, Using the Extreme Value Theory

The weather in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, can be roughly classified into four types according to principal component analysis and k-means clustering. We predicted the extreme values of the maximum daily and hourly precipitation in Nagano Prefecture using the extreme value theory. For the maximum daily precipitation, the vales of ξ in Matsumoto, Karuizawa, Sugadaira, and Saku were positive;therefore, it has no upper bound and tends to take large values. Therefore, it is dangerous and caution is required. The values of ξ in Nagano, Kisofukushima, and Minamishinano were determined to be zero, therefore, there was no upper limit, the probability of obtaining a large value was low, and caution was required. We predicted the maximum return levels for return periods of 10, 20, 50, and 100 years along with respective 95% confidence intervals in Nagano, Matsumoto, Karuizawa, Sugadaira, Saku, Kisofukushima, and Minamishinano. In Matsumoto, the 100-year return level was 182 mm, with a 95% CI [129, 236]. In Minamishinano, the 100-year return level was 285 mm, with a 95% CI [173, 398]. The 100-year return levels for the maximum daily rainfall were 285, 271, and 271 mm in Minamishinano, Saku, and Karuizawa, respectively, where the changes in the daily maximum rainfall were larger than those at other points. Because these values are large, caution is required during heavy rainfall. The 100-year return levels for the maximum daily and hourly precipitation were similar in Karuizawa and Saku. In Sugadaira, the 100-year return level for a maximum hourly rainfall of 107.2 mm was larger than the maximum daily rainfall. Hence, it is necessary to be careful about short-term rainfall events.

Construction of project quality health monitoring system based on life-cycle theory

In order to more effectively assess the health status of a project, the monitoring indices in a project＇s life cycle are divided into quality index, cost index, time index, satisfaction index, and sustainable development index. Based on the feature of qualitative and quantitative indices combining, the PCA-PR （principal component analysis and pattern recognition） model is constructed. The model first analyzes the principal components of the life-cycle indices system constructed above, and picks up those principal component indices that can reflect the health status of a project at any time. Then the pattern recognition model is used to study these principal components, which means that the real time health status of the project can be divided into five lamps from a green lamp to a red one and the health status lamp of the project can be recognized by using the PR model and those principal components. Finally, the process is shown with a real example and a conclusion consistent with the actual situation is drawn. So the validity of the index system and the PCA-PR model can be confirmed.

Theory of mind deficits in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression

AIM:To characterize the two components of theory of mind(ToM) in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression.METHODS:Sixty-five patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression(depressed group) and 62 normal controls(control group) were assessed using reading the mind in the eyes test,faux pas task,verbal fluency test,digit span test and WAIS IQ test.The depressed group was divided into two subgroups including psychotic depressed(PD) group(32 cases) and nonpsychotic depressed(NPD) group(33 cases).The clinical symptoms of patients were assessed using Beck depression inventory version Ⅱ and brief psychiatric reacting scale(BPRS).RESULTS:There was a significant difference between the depressed group and the control group on tasks involving ToM social perceptual components(mind reading:t = 7.39,P < 0.01) and tests involving ToM social cognitive components(faux pas questions:t = 13.75,P < 0.01),respectively.A significant difference was also found among the PD group,the NPD group and the control group on mind reading(F = 32.98,P < 0.01) and faux pas questions(χ 2 = 78.15,P < 0.01),respectively.The PD group and NPD group performed worse than normal group controls both on mind reading and faux pas questions(P < 0.05).The PD group performed significantly worse than the NPD group on tasks involving ToM(mind reading:F = 18.99,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:F = 36.01,P < 0.01).In the depressed group,there was a negative correlation between ToM performances and BPRS total score(mind reading:r =-0.35,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:r =-0.51,P < 0.01),and between ToM performances and hostile suspiciousness factor score(mind reading:r =-0.75,P < 0.01;faux pas questions:r =-0.73,P < 0.01),respectively.CONCLUSION:The two components of ToM are both impaired in patients with esophageal cancer combined with depression.This indicates that there may be an association between ToM deficits and psychotic symptoms in clinical depression.

THEORY OF ELASTICITY OF AN ANISOTROPIC BODY FOR THE BENDING OF BEAMS

A theory of elasticity for the bending of orthogonal anisotropic beams was developed in this paper by analogy with the special case, which can be obtained by applying the theory of elasticity for bending of transversely isotropic plates to the problems of two dimensions. The authors also presented a method to solve the problems of bending of orthogonal anisotropic beams and a new theory of the deep-beam whose ratio of depth to length is larger. It is pointed out that Reissner's theory which takes into account the effect of transverse shear deformation is not suitable for the components of stress in our case.

A case study of blasting vibration attenuation based on wave component characteristics

A typical blasting vibration wave is a composite wave,and its attenuation law is affected by the type of dominant wave component.The purpose of the present study is to establish an attenuation equation of the peak particle velocity(PPV),taking into account the attenuation characteristics of P-,S-and R-waves in the blasting vibration wave.Field blasting tests were carried out as a case to specifically apply the proposed equation.In view of the fact that the discrete properties of rock mass will inevitably cause the uncertainty of blasting vibration,we also carried out a probability analysis of PPV uncertainty,and introduced the concept of reliability to evaluate blasting vibration.The results showed that the established attenuation equation had a higher prediction accuracy,and can be considered as a promising equation implemented on more complex sites.The adopted uncertainty analysis method can comprehensively take account of the attenuation law of blasting vibration measured on site and discrete properties of rock masses.The obtained distribution of the PPV uncertainty factor can quantitatively evaluate the reliability of blasting vibration,which is a powerful and necessary supplement to the PPV attenuation equation.

Nonlinear Time-Domain Theory for the Simulation of Moored Floating Body Motion

Nonlinear wave loads can induce low-frequency and high-frequency resonance motions of a moored platform in deep water. For the analysis of the nonlinear response of an offshore platform under the action of irregular waves, the most widely used method in practice is the Cummins method, in which the second-order exciting forces in the time domain are computed by a two-term Volterra series model based on incident waves, first-order body motion response, and quadratic transfer functions(QTFs). QTFs are bichromatic waves acting on a body and are computed in the frequency domain in advance. For moving bodies, QTFs are related to the first-order body response, which is to be determined in the simulation process of body motion response but is unknown in the computation procedure of QTFs. In solving this problem, Teng and Cong(2017) proposed a method to divide the QTFs into different components,which are unrelated to the body response. With the application of the new QTF components, a modified Cummins method can be developed for the simulation of the nonlinear response of a moored floating platform. This paper presents a review of the theory.

Calculation of the Water Distribution Networks Based on the Theory of Slow Transient Flow

Urban water supply network is a modern urban survival and development of the infrastructure of a city,and its normal running conditions have important significance. The actual hydraulic process in the variableload water distribution networks can be treated as the slow transient flow which belongs to the unsteady flow. This paper analyzes the multi-loops network slow transient model based on graph theory,and the link flow matrix is treated as the variables of the discrete solution model to simulate the process of the slow transient flow in the network. With the simulation of hydraulic regime in an actual pipe network,the changing laws of the flow in the pipes,nodal hydraulic heads and other hydraulic factors with the passage of time are obtained. Since the transient processes offer much more information than a steady process,the slow transient theory is not only practical on analyzing the hydraulic condition of the network,but also on identifying hydraulic resistance coefficients of pipes and detecting the leakage in networks.

Cross Correlation of Intra-day Stock Prices in Comparison to Random Matrix Theory

We propose and apply a new algorithm of principal component analysis which is suitable for a large sized, highly random time series data, such as a set of stock prices in a stock market. This algorithm utilizes the fact that the major part of the time series is random, and compare the eigenvalue spectrum of cross correlation matrix of a large set of random time series, to the spectrum derived by the random matrix theory (RMT) at the limit of large dimension (the number of independent time series) and long enough length of time series. We test this algorithm on the real tick data of American stocks at different years between 1994 and 2002 and show that the extracted principal components indeed reflects the change of leading stock sectors during this period.

教育数字化战略引领下大学生数字素养培养多组态路径

文章基于活动理论模型,运用fsQCA方法分析教育数字化战略引领下大学生数字素养培养的多组态路径及不同要素之间的联动匹配关系。研究发现,大学生高数字素养培养包括思维主导型、资源任务型、协同驱动型和内涵自主型4条组态路径,不同前因变量之间存在替代关系;数字化思维和评价反馈机制同时存在于4条组态路径中,表明二者是大学生高数字素养不可或缺的前因条件。在此基础上,从学校、教师、学生3个层面提出大学生数字素养培养策略,即落实国家教育数字化战略,优化校园顶层设计;强化教师职业素养,完善人才培养反馈机制;增强数字道德意识,提升学生数字化思维。

国内外建筑围护结构风荷载规范对比研究

针对围护结构设计风荷载,分析了如下风荷载规范中的相关规定:中国GB 50009—2012、中国JGJ/T 481—2019、美国ASCE/SEI 7⁃16、日本AIJ⁃2015、澳大利亚/新西兰AS/NZS 1170.2:2021、欧洲BS EN 1991⁃1⁃4:2005、加拿大NBCC 2015。分析结果表明,国内外围护结构风荷载规范的理论基础主要包括准定常理论和风压极值理论,均将设计风荷载表示成设计风速与设计风压系数的乘积;设计风速的确定需要考虑地貌、局部地形、季节、风向、相邻建筑干扰等因素的影响,各国规范对这些因素考虑的详尽程度不一;设计风压系数则需要考虑来流湍流和特征湍流共同作用下风压的时间随机性和空间分布不均匀性、不同方向来流时建筑表面风压的差异性、建筑表面风压相关性等因素,各国规范均通过风压分区和面积折减较好地考虑了这些因素,不同之处在于不同规范所涵盖的建筑体型、考虑建筑几何参数影响的风压分区结果及面积折减的特征有所区别。

基于有效性完整表达的白芍质量标志物研究

目的:基于中药质量标志物(Q-marker)有效性原则,采用“性-效-物”三元论研究思路,从药性(味)和药效角度揭示白芍Q-marker。方法:采用液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS),解析白芍、炒白芍、赤芍化学物质组;在此基础上,通过分子对接方法,选择白芍中各结构类型代表化合物为配体小分子,通过与苦、酸味受体进行分子对接实验,预测白芍潜在药性(味)物质基础;采用网络药理学方法,通过SwissTargetPrediction、中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)等数据库预测化合物潜在作用靶点,并进行生物信息学分析,构建化合物-靶点-信号通路-药理作用-功效网络,进一步以体外抗炎药效筛选模型,验证白芍及关键化合物的抗炎药效作用,明晰基于药效的白芍物质基础,进而基于有效性完整表达结果确定白芍Q-marker。结果:共解析出白芍中42个成分、炒白芍中41个成分、赤芍中34个成分。其中单萜及其苷类化合物可能为白芍最主要的苦味物质基础,带有没食子酰基的鞣质类化合物可能为白芍最主要的酸味物质基础。网络药理学结果发现,白芍中17个成分通过作用于191个潜在靶点干预了165条相关通路,可发挥促进骨髓造血功能、抑制子宫收缩、抗炎、镇痛、保肝、抗高血压和抑制汗腺分泌等作用;验证实验表明,白芍中8个主要成分可通过下调白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α和一氧化氮等炎症因子的表达发挥抗炎作用。结论:初步确定芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、氧化芍药苷、没食子酰芍药苷、苯甲酰芍药苷、儿茶素、五没食子酰葡萄糖及没食子酸为基于有效性完整表达的白芍Q-marker。

基于景观生态风险评价的湘江流域生态安全格局构建

[目的]进行湘江流域景观生态风险评价,构建生态安全格局,为该地区的区域生态保护修复工作的开展提供参考。[方法]从自然环境、人类社会以及景观格局三个层面选取11个指标构建湘江流域景观生态风险评价指标体系,运用空间主成分分析法对湘江流域景观生态风险进行综合评价,基于评价结果构建综合生态阻力面。结合InVEST模型、形态学空间格局分析与景观连通性分析识别生态源地,采用电路理论识别生态廊道、生态夹点及障碍点区域,构建湘江流域生态安全格局。[结果](1)人类社会对湘江流域景观生态风险影响最大。高景观生态风险在城市群及各地级市形成多个高值中心向外延伸,低景观生态风险区主要分布在东南部以及南部林地。(2)共提取出32个生态源地,面积20415.89 km^(2),占流域总面积的22%。识别出生态廊道64条,总长度共1888.25 km,确定筛选出50处生态夹点和41处生态障碍点,分别占流域总面积的0.8%和0.6%。(3)划分出生态保护区、生态改善区、生态修复区、生态关键区,并制定不同的生态保护与优化措施。[结论]合理构建生态安全格局是生态经济可持续发展的重要保障。基于湘江流域景观生态风险分析,对生态源地、生态廊道以及关键节点部分采取相对应的措施和方针进行生态修复与保护维护生态安全。

数字零工劳动权益影响因素研究

互联网平台企业的发展催生了数字零工这一新兴工作群体,清晰识别数字零工劳动权益的核心影响因素对保护其劳动权益至关重要。运用扎根理论构建了包含国家政策法规、平台管理、工会支持能力和顾客四个维度的数字零工劳动权益影响因素模型。采用加权主成分分析法对模型赋权并进行评价,认为平台管理、国家政策法规的相关影响力较大,工会支持能力和顾客的影响力也不容忽视。要维护数字零工劳动权益,应持续规范和优化互联网平台企业管理、加快数字零工劳动权益保护的法治进程、提升数字零工工会的支持能力、强化顾客对数字零工的情感认同。

基于主成分分析法的城轨运营安全评价指标体系研究

研究城轨运营事故的分布特征和致因机理,对保障运营安全、制定安全管控措施具有重要意义。本文针对1970—2022年国内外425例城轨运营事故,对比分析运营事故的发生原因及时间分布特征。基于致因机理并结合主成分分析法,构建城轨运营安全评价体系,提出基于博弈论的组合权重评价方法,并以1990—2022年我国274例运营事故数据为例,结合专家打分情况,从宏观角度分析我国城轨运营安全状况。研究结果表明:引发运营事故的原因包括人员因素、设备因素和环境因素,其中国内和国外由设备原因导致的运营事故占比最高,分别为65%、56%,1月、3月、7月、8月和12月为事故频发月份,与客流高峰月份相同;组合赋权法既考虑客观统计数据中的信息量,又结合主观专家的经验积累,其评价结果与统计结果相差较小,证明评价方法的可行性。

基于主元-分形理论的电子式电压互感器计量误差自主辨识方法研究

电子式电压互感器(EVT)由大量的电子单元组成,易受变电站复杂运行环境的影响,计量误差的长期稳定性较差。常规检测方法是定期与标准互感器比对校准,属于一种设备状态的抽样检测方法,无法评估EVT的计量数据对节点电能累积作用的影响。针对这一问题,文章基于电力系统节点三相对称的运行特性,通过对三相EVT的计量数据进行主元分形,在残差子分量中建立平方预测方差SPE统计量实现了EVT计量误差的自检测;通过计算EVT运行过程中SPE统计量的分形维数,实现了EVT计量误差劣化形式的自主辨识。研究成果有利于推动EVT的状态检测由定期检测发展为按需检测。