Micro-reconstruction Strategies of Urban Villages in Small Towns from the Perspective of Policy Orientation:A Case Study of Zhuangqian Xiongjia Village,Fengcheng City

As China’s economy shifts from high-speed development to high-quality development,China’s urbanization also shifts from incremental expansion to stock optimization,providing a new direction for the transformation of urban villages.At present,the reconstruction work office of urban villages in small towns is mainly promoted based on government-led and villager main body in the initial exploration stage.From the perspective of policy orientation,to solve the main problems in urban villages in small towns,Zhuangqian Xiongjia Village,Fengcheng City was taken as an example,and the micro-transformation strategies of urban villages were put forward from the perspective of satisfying the appeals of the government,village committee and villagers,so as to provide some references for the transformation of urban villages in other small towns across the country.

The Problems and Measures for Small Tourism Town Development in China:A Case Study of Wan Town

With the rapid development of tourism and urbanization in China,small tourism towns gradually grow toward prosperity.This paper takes Wan Town as an example to analyze the problem and countermeasures concerning the development of small tourism towns in China.There are a series of issues in the process of development of Wan Town,which includes uncoordinated architectural style,inaccurate market positioning,repeated cultural themes,and vulnerable linkage of the industrial chain.Based on the factor analysis,these development issues were classified into three categories:confusing architectural style,repetitive cultural theme,and weak linkage of industrial chain.To achieve the goal of sustainable development of small tourism towns,some countermeasures must be taken which include promoting the development of small tourism towns with the new rural revitalization,strengthening services improvement in small tourism towns,gathering industrial elements related to the tourism industry,and increasing tourism cultural connotation.

Exploration of the “Living” Protection of Historic Blocks in South of the Yangtze River——A Case Study of Ancient Shajiabang Town, Changshu City

Historic blocks that focus only on protection of tangible constructed environment have shown various disadvantages and gradually lost their originality, according to the investigation. Protection of historic blocks should attach more importance to maintaining original lifestyles and community customs, protecting intangible contents and cultural diversity. The authors proposed that protection of historic blocks should follow the principle of "putting protection and repair on the top priority, using reasonably" and stress the "living" protection. There are three patterns of "living" protection, specifically, joint participation of local residents, construction of education base, moderate tourism development. Vitality of local economy can be enhanced and social humanistic environment protected effectively by improving the locals' living environment, so as to show true care for the people living in the historic block, and bring historic blocks to the real life.

Analysis on the environmental problems accompanying the high-speed urbanization of small towns in China

The environmental problems accompanying the rapid urbanization of many small towns like Keqiao, Shaoxing County of China and their countermeasures are presented. To settle these problems rationally as well as effectively will not only conduce to boost the environmental quality and life quality of cities, but also help to promote the development of regional economy and the realization of sustainable development.

Discussion on the Problems and Developing Trend of Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants in Small Towns

Existing problems of sewage treatment plants in small towns were summarized firstly,and then the developing trend of construction of sewage treatment plants in small towns was discussed from the aspects of project decision,site selection,design,processing technology and construction financing models. Finally,outlooks for its future development were proposed to provide reference for the construction of sewage treatment plants in small towns in future.

Review on the Evaluation System of Public Safety Carrying Capacity about Small Town Community

Recently,small town community public safety problem has been increasingly highlighted,but its research is short on public safety carrying capacity. Through the investigation and study of community public safety carrying capacity,this paper analyzes the problem of community public safety in our country,to construct index evaluation system of public safety carrying capacity in small town community. DEA method is used to evaluate public safety carrying capacity in small town community,to provide scientific basis for the design of support and standardization theory about small town community in public safety planning.

Benefit Evaluation on Land Comprehensive Consolidation in the Small Towns——A Case of Daxing District,Beijing,China

Taking Daxing District,Beijing,China as a example,benefit evaluation index system of small-town land comprehensive consolidation isestablished from four aspects of resource benefit,economic benefit,social benefit and ecological benefit.Weight of evaluation index is determinedby analytic hierarchy process.After the standardized treatment on the original value index,comprehensive index method is adopted to evaluate theland comprehensive consolidation benefits in 14 towns of Daxing District in the year 2005,combining with the index weight determined by analytic hi-erarchy process.Evaluation result shows that areas having significant effects are Yizhuang Town,Xihongmen Town,Yinghai Town,and JiugongTown,which are concentrated in rural-urban continuum with significant location advantages and good economic and infrastructure status.Areashaving good effects are Changziying Town,Huangcun Town,Panggezhuang Town,Beizangcun Town,and Yufa Town,which are located alongYongding River,with abundant farmland resources and good ecological environment.Areas having general effects are Weishan Town,QingyundianTown,and Anding Town,with insignificant location advantages.Areas with no significant effects are Lixian Town and Caiyu Town,with relativelypoor location,resource,and economic development status.

Study on the Construction Path of Characteristic Small Cities and Towns from the Perspective of Supply-side Reform——Taking Zushan Town as an Example

Characteristic small cities and towns are the new vehicle for advancing new urbanization construction and supply-side reform.Zushan characteristic towns focus on tourism vacation,ecological livability,integration of production and cities,cultural heritage,poverty alleviation and other functions,and focus on building a new type of"product,city,and people"trinity,is a new benchmark for industrial transformation and upgrading.This article uses field surveys,interviews,and other methods to investigate the status quo of the construction of small towns with Zushan characteristics.Based on this,SWOT analysis of small towns is carried out,and the disadvantages and threats to its development are determined from the nature of towns and cities,infrastructure construction,and townships.Five suggestions were made for the construction of capital,the cultivation of special industries,and the detennination of the main body of urban construction.

Impact of the Small Town Construction on Original Inhabitants in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area——A Case Study in Lishu Village, Changling Town, Chongqing Municipality, China

Based on the five-year long dynamic tracking and investigation of the peasant households of the Lishu village, the influences by small town construction on the economy and employment of the original peasant households are discussed. On the one hand, small town construction plays a positive role in adjustment of the industrial structure of the original peasant households and in the transfer of their employment towards non-agricultural industries. On the other hand the economic growth of the original peasant households is not so well sustainable, and is so fluctuating. Moreover, the unbalance of income distribution of the said households has been furthered, and small town construction has made the existing labor surplus of the original peasant households more serious, particularly the women labor surplus.

Problems in the Development of Small Cities and Towns in West China and Countermeasures: A Case Study of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province

New urbanization targets at coordinated urban-rural development, and construction of ecological and livable environment, it is the foundation for breaking urban-rural dual structure of China and promoting the agricultural modernization. Small cities and towns as carriers of new urbanization have already become important paths of realizing new urbanization and solving problems concerning 300 million peasants in China. Considering the requirements of new urbanization, this paper took Luzhou City in Sichuan Province for example to explore development path suitable for small cities and towns in west China and gave pertinent suggestions.

Small Town Construction in the 13th Five-Year Plan Period: A Case Study of Shangrao City

The 12 th Five-Year Plan period was unusual five years in the development of China. Under the dual pressure of complex international environment and arduous domestic reform task,China made outstanding achievements in economic development,which lays a solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in the 13 th Five-Year Plan period. The key and difficult points of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects lie in solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. The 18 th National Congress of the CPC stated that integrated urban and rural development is the fundamental approach for solving issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas. As a transitional form from rural areas to urban areas,small town play an important role in integrated urban and rural development. In the 13 th Five-Year Plan period,China should take a new road of characteristic urbanization,energetically develop key towns,central towns,and characteristic towns,use points to drive areas,and promote coordinated progress of urbanization construction and new countryside construction. Focusing on the objective of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and taking Shangrao City as an example,we analyzed construction of small town,in order to provide scientific theoretical reference for urbanization development,plan preparation,and policy formulation of Shangrao City.

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo, Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its industry.However,when the core industry representing its urban brand is facing a changing situation or market,will the brand be a motivation or an obstruction of the development of a town?The paper combined top-down and bottom-up research method to study the function of the urban brand in Wangqingtuo town in Tianjin,China.We studied over 400 samples(including government staff and town citizens)to make questionnaire investigation about the town’s branding.And we found that the solidified urban brand is a complicated emotional symbol for both government and citizens.The town has demand of exploring and developing new dominant industry,and it has the expectation to keep branding and upgrade its current core industry.

A STUDY ON LAND SYSTEM INNOVATIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL TOWNS IN CHINA

The economic development in China and the rising of the living standard need to speed up the urbanisation. The development of small towns is an important way to Chinese urbanisation. Land use plays a very important role in the development of small towns. However there are many problems in the development of small towns, esp. in land use. The paper first discusses the land problems in the development of small towns. Such as much cultivated land lies idle, under utilization and waste of land, increasing illegal use of land, unstable contractual relationship for land use. The relationship between the development of small towns and land use is also studied. Then the guidelines for the land system innovations of small towns are put forward. Namely the sustainability of social and economic development, the balance between land reservation and land utilization, the provision of service to village, agriculture and farmer, the management of land resource and land assets, the parsimonious and legal use of land. The basic framework of land system innovations of small towns is put forward finally. It include the land replacement policy for small towns and the permanent tenancy of farmland, the overall plan for land uses and other plans in harmony, the establishment of a flexible system of land supplies, using land with payments, the transfer of agricultural land and refining the land law related to the construction of small towns.

The Construction Strategy of Small Towns Based on Ecological Concept

Based on the perspective of ecological concept,this study first interpreted the background of ecological civilization construction,and combed the relationship between ecological concept and small town planning.Second,it expounded the ecological problems of natural resources,economic development,landscape system,social humanities and other aspects in the construction of contemporary small towns.According to the study,the construction of small towns based on the ecological concept should establish the concept of "ecology first",practice "multiple compliance",coordinate the relationship with other planning,make reasonable planning and design in the aspects of town scale,functional orientation,structural form,road traffic,landscape style and features,humanistic characteristics,and strengthen the implementation,supervision and management of planning.Finally,summary and outlook was made,hoping that the study will be of reference value and guidance to the planning and construction of small towns.

THE PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL TOWN (TOWNMIS)——A CASE STUDY AT XIAOLAN TOWN, SOUTH CHINA

Now, GISs are popular at most major cities along the coast in China. The lack of available digital geographic data is a serious bottleneck problem. This article first analyses the development characteristics of urban planning and management information system in China, and proposes a method for establishing a planning and management information system for small town. By using GIS as core and integrating with microcomputer network, office automation (OA), computer aided design (CAD), and multimedia technology, a microcomputer information system (TownMIS) is implemented after 3 year design and development. It may be a first comprehensive system for the planning and management of small towns. Since the January of 1996, TownMIS has been actually used in Xiaolan Town, a coastal rich town in South China. This has provided perfect technical, managerial, operational and institutional references for resolving the contradiction of the fast growing installation of GIS sites and fewer actually running system.

Adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation: The experience of the Université catholique de Louvain

Background: Liver transplantation is the treatment for end-stage liver diseases and well-selected malignancies. The allograft shortage may be alleviated with living donation. The initial UCLouvain experience of adult living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) is presented. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 64 adult-to-adult LDLTs performed at our institution between 1998 and 2016 was conducted. The median age of 29(45.3%) females and 35(54.7%) males was 50.2 years(interquartile range, IQR 32.9–57.5). Twenty-two(34.4%) recipients had no portal hypertension. Three(4.7%) patients had a benign and 33(51.6%) a malignant tumor [19(29.7%) hepatocellular cancer, 11(17.2%) secondary cancer and one(1.6%) each hemangioendothelioma, hepatoblastoma and embryonal liver sarcoma]. Median donor and recipient follow-ups were 93 months(IQR 41–159) and 39 months(22–91), respectively. Results: Right and left hemi-livers were implanted in 39(60.9%) and 25(39.1%) cases, respectively. Median weights of right-and left-liver were 810 g(IQR 730–940) and 454 g(IQR 394–534), respectively. Graft-to-recipient weight ratios(GRWRs) were 1.17%(right, IQR 0.98%-1.4%) and 0.77%(left, 0.59%-0.95%). One-and five-year patient survivals were 85% and 71%(right) vs. 84% and 58%(left), respectively. Oneand five-year graft survivals were 74% and 61%(right) vs. 76% and 53%(left), respectively. The patient and graft survival of right and left grafts and of very small( < 0.6%), small(0.6%–0.79%) and large( ≥0.8%) GRWR were similar. Survival of very small grafts was 86% and 86% at 3-and 12-month. No donor died while five(7.8%) developed a Clavien–Dindo complication IIIa, IIIb or IV. Recipient morbidity consisted mainly of biliary and vascular complications; three(4.7%) recipients developed a small-for-size syndrome according to the Kyushu criteria. Conclusions: Adult-to-adult LDLT is a demanding procedure that widens therapeutic possibilities of many hepatobiliary diseases. The donor procedure can be done safely with low morbidity. The recipient operation carries a major morbidity indicating an important learning curve. Shifting the risk from the donor to the recipient, by moving from the larger right-liver to the smaller left-liver grafts, should be further explored as this policy makes donor hepatectomy safer and may stimulate the development of transplant oncology.

Construction of industrial ecological chain for characteristic small town:A case study of VR Town at Gui-An New District

As the rapid development of the national small characteristic town,some problems began to show through.For example,the spatial structure is not reasonable,the industrial is not harmonious,and the industrial cluster is not obvious and so on.In order to solve these uncoordinated problems and arrange industrial structure properly,to build the industrial ecologic chain construction according to local conditions appears to be critical.Therefore,constructing industrial ecological chain is of importance in academic aspect and practical significance to sustainable development.According to the theory of industrial ecology,this article researches on industrial ecological chain construction of Gui-An New District's VR town.Otherwise,with the principles of vertical supply-demand chain,horizontal collaboration chain,energy utilization chain,material circulation chain and water cycle chain,on the basis of five elements including public environment,service bake up,demand-supply collaboration,management system in a cloud and resource reuse,this paper put forward the industrial ecological chain model of VR town in Gui-An New District and analyze each links detailedly.The purpose is to explore and analyze the industrial ecological chain construction of VR town in Gui-An New District to abundant domestic related theory about small town and play a certain reference significance on other new-type of characteristic urbanization in mountainous region.

Impact of small-for-size liver grafts on medium-term and long-term graft survival in living donor liver transplantation: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Small-for-size grafts (SFSGs) in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) could optimize donor postoperative outcomes and also expand the potential donor pool. Evidence on whether SFSGs would affect medium-term and long-term recipient graft survival is lacking. AIM To evaluate the impact of small-for-size liver grafts on medium-term and longterm graft survival in adult to adult LDLT. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by searching eligible studies published before January 24, 2019 on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The primary outcomes were 3-year and 5-year graft survival. Incidence of small-for-size syndrome and short term mortality were also extracted. RESULTS This meta-analysis is reported according to the guidelines of the PRISMA 2009 Statement. Seven retrospective observational studies with a total of 1821 LDLT recipients were included in the meta-analysis. SFSG is associated with significantly poorer medium-term graft survival. The pooled odds ratio for 3-year graft survival was 1.58 [95% confidence interval 1.10-2.29, P = 0.014]. On the other hand, pooled results of the studies showed that SFSG had no significant discriminatory effect on 5-year graft survival with an odds ratio of 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.87-1.97, P = 0.199). Furthermore, incidence of small-for-size syndrome detected in recipients of SFSG ranged from 0-11.4% in the included studies. CONCLUSION SFSG is associated with inferior medium-term but not long-term graft survival. Comparable long-term graft survival based on liver graft size shows that smaller grafts could be accepted for LDLT with appropriate flow modulatory measures. Close follow-up for graft function is warranted within 3 years after liver transplantation.

Outcome of patients undergoing right lobe living donor liver transplantation with small-for-size grafts

AIM:To investigate the outcome of living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)recipients transplanted with small-for-size grafts(SFSGs).METHODS:Between November 2001 and December2010,196 patients underwent LDLT with right lobe liver grafts at our center.Recipients were divided into 2 treatment groups:group A with an actuarial graft-to-recipient weight ratio(aGRWR)<0.8%(n=45)and group B with an aGRWR≥0.8%(n=151).We evaluated serum liver function markers within 4 wk after transplantation.We also retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of these patients for potential effects related to the recipients,the donors and the transplantation procedures based upon a review of their medical records.RESULTS:Small-for-size syndrome(SFSS)developed in 7 of 45 patients(15.56%)in group A and 9 of 151patients(5.96%)in group B(P=0.080).The levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in group A were higher than those in group B during early period after transplantation,albeit not significantly.The cumulative 1-,3-and 5-year liver graft survival rates were 82.22%,71.11%and 71.11%for group A and 81.46%,76.82%,and 75.50%for group B patients,respectively(P=0.623).However,univariate analysis of risk factors associated with graft survival in group A demonstrated that the occurrence of SFSS after LDLT was the only significant risk factor affecting graft survival(P<0.001).Furthermore,multivariate analysis of our data did not identify any additional significant risk factors accounting for poor graft survival.CONCLUSION:Our study suggests that LDLT recipients with an aGRWR<0.8%may have liver graft outcomes comparable to those who received larger size grafts.Further studies are required to ascertain the safety of using SFSGs.

Suitability Evaluation of Rural Settlements Based on Accessibility of Production and Living： A Case Study of Tingzu Town in Hubei Prov- ince of China

Rural settlements are the main carriers of agriculture, rural areas and farmers; thus, optimizing the production and living space of rural settlements is highly significant to rural development. Taking the effective allocation of resources as the starting point, a suitability evaluation system of rural settlements, based on accessibility of production and living, was proposed in this study to provide scientific basis for the optimization of production and living space. The accessibility of production and living was measured by an improved two-step floating catchment area method, which considered proximity and availability based on the inclination of rural residents. The suitability evaluation system consisted of traditional suitability evaluation and newly proposed limiting factor identification based on the loss score proportion of suitability. Tingzu Town of Hubei Province, China, was chosen as the case study area. Based on the results of the suitability evaluation system, corresponding suggestions on rural land consolidation, industry division, as well as the layout of health care and education facilities were proposed to optimize the production and living space of rural settlements in Tingzu Town. It is found that the suitability evaluation based on accessibility of production and living is more scientific and accurate than the traditional ones which significantly overestimate production and living convenience. Moreover, the limiting factor identification can help us put forward suggestions according to local conditions and bring about the highly targeted optimization of production and living space of rural settlements.