The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the ...The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the formation of deductive theory is represented as the development of a certain informational space, the elements of which are structured in the form of the orientated semantic net. This net is properly metrized and characterized by a certain system of coverings. It allows injecting net optimization parameters, regulating qualitative aspects of knowledge system under consideration. To regulate the creative processes of the formation and realization of mathematical know- edge, stochastic model of formation deductive theory is suggested here in the form of branching Markovian process, which is realized in the corresponding informational space as a semantic net. According to this stochastic model we can get correct foundation of criterion of optimization creative processes that leads to “great main points” strategy (GMP-strategy) in the process of realization of the effective control in the research work in the sphere of mathematics and its applications.展开更多
Constrained Delaunay triangulated irregular network is one kind of dynamic data structures used in geosciences. The research on point and edges insertion in CD-TIN is the basis of its application. Comparing with the a...Constrained Delaunay triangulated irregular network is one kind of dynamic data structures used in geosciences. The research on point and edges insertion in CD-TIN is the basis of its application. Comparing with the algorithms of points and constrained edge insertion, there are very a few researches on constrained edge deletion in CD-TIN. Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of constrained edge, virtual points are used to describe the intersection of constrained edges. A new algorithm is presented, called as influence domain retriangulating for virtual point (IDRVP), to delete constrained edges with virtual points. The algorithm is complete in topology. Finally, the algorithm is tested by some applications cases.展开更多
This paper studies transverse vibration of rectangular plates with two opposite edges simply supperted other two edges arbitrarily supported and free edges elaslically supported at points,A highly accurate solution is...This paper studies transverse vibration of rectangular plates with two opposite edges simply supperted other two edges arbitrarily supported and free edges elaslically supported at points,A highly accurate solution is presented for calculating inherent frequencies and mode shape of rectangular platen elaslically supported at points. The number and location of these points on free edges may be completely arbitrary. This paper uses impulse function to represent reaction and moment at points. Fourter series is used to expand the impulse function along the edges. Characteristic equations satisfying all boundary conditions are given.Inherent frequencies and mode shape with any accutacy can be gained.展开更多
In this paper we deduce the analytic solutions of the first- and second-order vertical derivative zero points for gravity anomalies in simple regular models with single, double, and multiple edges and analyze their sp...In this paper we deduce the analytic solutions of the first- and second-order vertical derivative zero points for gravity anomalies in simple regular models with single, double, and multiple edges and analyze their spatial variation. For another simple regular models where it is difficult to obtain the analytic expression of the zero point, we try to use the profile zero points to analyze the spatial variation. The test results show that the spatial variation laws of both first- and second-order vertical derivative zero points are almost the same but the second-order derivative zero point position is closer to the top surface edge of the geological bodies than the first-order vertical derivative and has a relatively high resolution. Moreover, with an increase in buried depth, for a single boundary model, the vertical derivative zero point location tends to move from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body but finally converges to a fixed value. For a double boundary model, the vertical derivative zero point location tends to migrate from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body. For multiple boundary models, the vertical derivative zero point location converges from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body where some zero points coincide and finally vanish. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method is verified using real field data.展开更多
Text embedded in images is one of many important cues for indexing and retrieval of images and videos. In the paper, we present a novel method of detecting text aligned either horizontally or vertically, in which a py...Text embedded in images is one of many important cues for indexing and retrieval of images and videos. In the paper, we present a novel method of detecting text aligned either horizontally or vertically, in which a pyramid structure is used to represent an image and the features of the text are extracted using SUSAN edge detector. Text regions at each level of the pyramid are identified according to the autocorrelation analysis. New techniques are introduced to split the text regions into basic ones and merge them into text lines. By evaluating the method on a set of images, we obtain a very good performance of text detection.展开更多
The element-free Galerkin method is proposed to solve free vibration of rectangular plates with finite interior elastic point supports and elastically restrained edges.Based on the extended Hamilton's principle for t...The element-free Galerkin method is proposed to solve free vibration of rectangular plates with finite interior elastic point supports and elastically restrained edges.Based on the extended Hamilton's principle for the elastic dynamics system,the dimensionless equations of motion of rectangular plates with finite interior elastic point supports and the edge elastically restrained are established using the element-free Galerkin method.Through numerical calculation,curves of the natural frequency of thin plates with three edges simply supported and one edge elastically restrained,and three edges clamped and the other edge elastically restrained versus the spring constant,locations of elastic point support and the elastic stiffness of edge elastically restrained are obtained.Effects of elastic point supports and edge elastically restrained on the free vibration characteristics of the thin plates are analyzed.展开更多
The main points of the revision in the near future of the Chinese Maritime Code are discussed,which include extension of the scope of application of the Code to the transport and vessels in inland navigable waters adj...The main points of the revision in the near future of the Chinese Maritime Code are discussed,which include extension of the scope of application of the Code to the transport and vessels in inland navigable waters adjacent to the sea,modernization of the law on the contracts of carriage of goods by sea,establishment of legal regime governing compensation for marine pollution from ships,improvement of provisions regarding shipmasters and crew in order to provide them with more protections,and the increase of the global limits of liability and the limit of liability of carrier for death of or personal injuries to passengers especially in the domestic trade.展开更多
This study took Artemisia selengensis Turoz and green tea as primary materials and sugar, lemon acid potassium as supplementary materials to make compound health beverage.The main influence factors to the quality of t...This study took Artemisia selengensis Turoz and green tea as primary materials and sugar, lemon acid potassium as supplementary materials to make compound health beverage.The main influence factors to the quality of the compound beverage were investigated,such as addition amounts ofArtemisia selengensis juice, green tea juice,sugar and lemon acid.By orthogonal test ,the best formula of the compound health beverage is Artemisia selengensis juice 10 ml, green tea juice 200 ml, sugar 6 g and lemon acid 0.06 g. The optimum stabilizer of the beverage is CMC-Na with 0.03% amount.展开更多
Objective To compare the difference in the efficacy on spasmodic torticollis between matrix needling technique combined with puncturing"Wuxin points"and the local injection of botox type A.Methods Forty-two ...Objective To compare the difference in the efficacy on spasmodic torticollis between matrix needling technique combined with puncturing"Wuxin points"and the local injection of botox type A.Methods Forty-two cases were randomized into an acupuncture group and a展开更多
This article establishes several new geometric inequalities, which refer to the lengthes of the edges of a simplex and interior point, height, lateral area, and the circumradius of another simplex.
Aiming at measurement of granularity size of nonmetal grain, an algorithm of image segmentation and parameter calculation for microscopic overlapping grain image was studied. This algorithm presents some new attribute...Aiming at measurement of granularity size of nonmetal grain, an algorithm of image segmentation and parameter calculation for microscopic overlapping grain image was studied. This algorithm presents some new attributes of graph sequence from discrete attribute of graph,and consequently achieves the geometrical characteristics from input graph, and the new graph sequence in favor of image segmentation is recombined. The conception that image edge denoted with “twin-point” is put forward, base on geometrical characters of point, image edge is transformed into serial edge, and on recombined serial image edge, based on direction vector definition of line and some additional restricted conditions, the segmentation twin-points are searched with, thus image segmentation is accomplished. Serial image edge is transformed into twin-point pattern, to realize calculation of area and granularity size of nonmetal grain. The inkling and uncertainty on selection of structure element which base on mathematical morphology are avoided in this algorithm, and image segmentation and parameter calculation are realized without changing grain’s self statistical characters.展开更多
Background As the only active component in final treatment phase of Tip-Edge Plus technique, the activation of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires is one of the factors that affect the torque expression. It is neces...Background As the only active component in final treatment phase of Tip-Edge Plus technique, the activation of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires is one of the factors that affect the torque expression. It is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties of the nickel-titanium wire used in the final treatment phase in simulated oral environments to forecast the treatment outcomes. Methods The mechanical properties of 171 thermal nickel-titanium wires of 0.35 mm (0.014-in) in diameters with different deflection of 40 mm in length were investigated with three-point bending test. The samples were divided into 2 groups: as-received and bended groups. In the bended group, samples were divided into 7 subgroups according to the amounts of deflection and named by the canine angulations (-25~, -19~, -13~, -7~, -1~, +5~, +11~). The deflection of wires was made by inserting the wires into the deep tunnel of Tip-Edge Plus brackets positioned in plaster casts with different canine angulations to mimic the use of nickel-titanium wires in the final treatment phase. Immersed the bended group in artificial saliva (pH 6.8) and preserved at 37.0~C. Eight durations of incubation were tested: 1 to 8 weeks. Three analogous samples of each group and subgroups were tested per week. Stiffness (YS:E) and the load-deflection characteristics of unloading plateau section were obtained. Results Significant changes in specific mechanical properties were observed in long-term immersed and large deflected wires compared with as-received groups. Both immersion time and deflection affected the mechanical properties of wires in the simulated oral environment, and the two factors had synergistic effect. In groups -25~, -19~ and -13~, stiffness (YS:E) increased then decreased and average plateau force and ratio of variance decreased then increased correspondingly at specific time. Conclusions In the final treatment phase of Tip-Edge Plus technique, the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium wire are associated with the using time and amounts of deflection and it may affect treatment outcomes. As the main reason for wire deflection, canine crown angulation plays an important role in the wire performance. It may be wise to focus on the canine crown angulations and using time in clinic with Tip-Edge Plus technique and make proper adjustment to help to make sure the treatment outcomes.展开更多
To discover and identify the influential nodes in any complex network has been an important issue.It is a significant factor in order to control over the network.Through control on a network,any information can be spr...To discover and identify the influential nodes in any complex network has been an important issue.It is a significant factor in order to control over the network.Through control on a network,any information can be spread and stopped in a short span of time.Both targets can be achieved,since network of information can be extended and as well destroyed.So,information spread and community formation have become one of the most crucial issues in the world of SNA(Social Network Analysis).In this work,the complex network of twitter social network has been formalized and results are analyzed.For this purpose,different network metrics have been utilized.Visualization of the network is provided in its original form and then filter out(different percentages)from the network to eliminate the less impacting nodes and edges for better analysis.This network is analyzed according to different centrality measures,like edge-betweenness,betweenness centrality,closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality.Influential nodes are detected and their impact is observed on the network.The communities are analyzed in terms of network coverage considering theMinimum Spanning Tree,shortest path distribution and network diameter.It is found that these are the very effective ways to find influential and central nodes from such big social networks like Facebook,Instagram,Twitter,LinkedIn,etc.展开更多
In existing methods for segmented images,either edge point extraction or preservation of edges,compromising contrast images is so sensitive to noise.The Degeneration Threshold Image Detection(DTID)framework has been p...In existing methods for segmented images,either edge point extraction or preservation of edges,compromising contrast images is so sensitive to noise.The Degeneration Threshold Image Detection(DTID)framework has been proposed to improve the contrast of edge filtered images.Initially,DTID uses a Rapid Bilateral Filtering process for filtering edges of contrast images.This filter decomposes input images into base layers in the DTID framework.With minimal filtering time,Rapid Bilateral Filtering handles high dynamic contrast images for smoothening edge preservation.In the DTID framework,Rapid Bilateral Filtering with Shift-Invariant Base Pass Domain Filter is insensitive to noise.This Shift-Invariant Filtering estimates value across edges for removing outliers(i.e.,noise preserving base layers of the contrast image).The intensity values are calculated in the base layer of the contrast image for accurately detecting nearby spatial locations using Shift-Invariant base Pass Domain Filter(SIDF).At last,Affine Planar Transformation is applied to detect edge filtered contrast images in the DTID framework for attaining a high quality of the image.It normalizes the translation and rotation of images.With this,Degeneration Threshold Image Detection maximizes average contrast enhancement quality and performs an experimental evaluation of factors such as detection accuracy,rate,and filtering time on contrast images.Experimental analysis shows that the DTID framework reduces the filtering time taken on contrast images by 54%and improves average contrast enhancement quality by 27%compared to GUMA,HMRF,SWT,and EHS.It provides better performance on the enhancement of average contrast enhancement quality by 28%,detection accuracy rate by 26%,and reduction in filtering time taken on contrast images by 30%compared to state-of-art methods.展开更多
CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses
Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower ... CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses
Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower and lower. Flat panel display TV sets have begun entering the mainstream and are now the first choice of some consumers when making new TV purchases.Display TV Set Installation Service Point Explanation and AnalysisRepair, Retreat and Change Duty Stipulations. Peculiar use conditions, usage environments, and the practical circumstances of user consumption service requirements, etc., were also taken into account on the basis of extensive investigation, testing, and verification.……展开更多
文摘The aim of this work is mathematical education through the knowledge system and mathematical modeling. A net model of formation of mathematical knowledge as a deductive theory is suggested here. Within this model the formation of deductive theory is represented as the development of a certain informational space, the elements of which are structured in the form of the orientated semantic net. This net is properly metrized and characterized by a certain system of coverings. It allows injecting net optimization parameters, regulating qualitative aspects of knowledge system under consideration. To regulate the creative processes of the formation and realization of mathematical know- edge, stochastic model of formation deductive theory is suggested here in the form of branching Markovian process, which is realized in the corresponding informational space as a semantic net. According to this stochastic model we can get correct foundation of criterion of optimization creative processes that leads to “great main points” strategy (GMP-strategy) in the process of realization of the effective control in the research work in the sphere of mathematics and its applications.
文摘Constrained Delaunay triangulated irregular network is one kind of dynamic data structures used in geosciences. The research on point and edges insertion in CD-TIN is the basis of its application. Comparing with the algorithms of points and constrained edge insertion, there are very a few researches on constrained edge deletion in CD-TIN. Based on the analysis of the polymorphism of constrained edge, virtual points are used to describe the intersection of constrained edges. A new algorithm is presented, called as influence domain retriangulating for virtual point (IDRVP), to delete constrained edges with virtual points. The algorithm is complete in topology. Finally, the algorithm is tested by some applications cases.
文摘This paper studies transverse vibration of rectangular plates with two opposite edges simply supperted other two edges arbitrarily supported and free edges elaslically supported at points,A highly accurate solution is presented for calculating inherent frequencies and mode shape of rectangular platen elaslically supported at points. The number and location of these points on free edges may be completely arbitrary. This paper uses impulse function to represent reaction and moment at points. Fourter series is used to expand the impulse function along the edges. Characteristic equations satisfying all boundary conditions are given.Inherent frequencies and mode shape with any accutacy can be gained.
基金jointly supported by the National Major Science and Technology Program (No. 2008ZX05025)the National 973 Program (Grant No. 2009CB219400)
文摘In this paper we deduce the analytic solutions of the first- and second-order vertical derivative zero points for gravity anomalies in simple regular models with single, double, and multiple edges and analyze their spatial variation. For another simple regular models where it is difficult to obtain the analytic expression of the zero point, we try to use the profile zero points to analyze the spatial variation. The test results show that the spatial variation laws of both first- and second-order vertical derivative zero points are almost the same but the second-order derivative zero point position is closer to the top surface edge of the geological bodies than the first-order vertical derivative and has a relatively high resolution. Moreover, with an increase in buried depth, for a single boundary model, the vertical derivative zero point location tends to move from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body but finally converges to a fixed value. For a double boundary model, the vertical derivative zero point location tends to migrate from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body. For multiple boundary models, the vertical derivative zero point location converges from the top surface edge to the outside of the buried body where some zero points coincide and finally vanish. Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method is verified using real field data.
文摘Text embedded in images is one of many important cues for indexing and retrieval of images and videos. In the paper, we present a novel method of detecting text aligned either horizontally or vertically, in which a pyramid structure is used to represent an image and the features of the text are extracted using SUSAN edge detector. Text regions at each level of the pyramid are identified according to the autocorrelation analysis. New techniques are introduced to split the text regions into basic ones and merge them into text lines. By evaluating the method on a set of images, we obtain a very good performance of text detection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10872163)the Natural Science Foundation of Education Department of Shaanxi Province (Grant No.08JK394)
文摘The element-free Galerkin method is proposed to solve free vibration of rectangular plates with finite interior elastic point supports and elastically restrained edges.Based on the extended Hamilton's principle for the elastic dynamics system,the dimensionless equations of motion of rectangular plates with finite interior elastic point supports and the edge elastically restrained are established using the element-free Galerkin method.Through numerical calculation,curves of the natural frequency of thin plates with three edges simply supported and one edge elastically restrained,and three edges clamped and the other edge elastically restrained versus the spring constant,locations of elastic point support and the elastic stiffness of edge elastically restrained are obtained.Effects of elastic point supports and edge elastically restrained on the free vibration characteristics of the thin plates are analyzed.
文摘The main points of the revision in the near future of the Chinese Maritime Code are discussed,which include extension of the scope of application of the Code to the transport and vessels in inland navigable waters adjacent to the sea,modernization of the law on the contracts of carriage of goods by sea,establishment of legal regime governing compensation for marine pollution from ships,improvement of provisions regarding shipmasters and crew in order to provide them with more protections,and the increase of the global limits of liability and the limit of liability of carrier for death of or personal injuries to passengers especially in the domestic trade.
基金Supported by Huai’an Science&Technology Bureau(SN1082)the Practice Inovation Trainng Program Projects for Jiangsu Polytechnic of Finance&Economics Students~~
文摘This study took Artemisia selengensis Turoz and green tea as primary materials and sugar, lemon acid potassium as supplementary materials to make compound health beverage.The main influence factors to the quality of the compound beverage were investigated,such as addition amounts ofArtemisia selengensis juice, green tea juice,sugar and lemon acid.By orthogonal test ,the best formula of the compound health beverage is Artemisia selengensis juice 10 ml, green tea juice 200 ml, sugar 6 g and lemon acid 0.06 g. The optimum stabilizer of the beverage is CMC-Na with 0.03% amount.
文摘Objective To compare the difference in the efficacy on spasmodic torticollis between matrix needling technique combined with puncturing"Wuxin points"and the local injection of botox type A.Methods Forty-two cases were randomized into an acupuncture group and a
基金Supported by the General Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(09C470)
文摘This article establishes several new geometric inequalities, which refer to the lengthes of the edges of a simplex and interior point, height, lateral area, and the circumradius of another simplex.
文摘Aiming at measurement of granularity size of nonmetal grain, an algorithm of image segmentation and parameter calculation for microscopic overlapping grain image was studied. This algorithm presents some new attributes of graph sequence from discrete attribute of graph,and consequently achieves the geometrical characteristics from input graph, and the new graph sequence in favor of image segmentation is recombined. The conception that image edge denoted with “twin-point” is put forward, base on geometrical characters of point, image edge is transformed into serial edge, and on recombined serial image edge, based on direction vector definition of line and some additional restricted conditions, the segmentation twin-points are searched with, thus image segmentation is accomplished. Serial image edge is transformed into twin-point pattern, to realize calculation of area and granularity size of nonmetal grain. The inkling and uncertainty on selection of structure element which base on mathematical morphology are avoided in this algorithm, and image segmentation and parameter calculation are realized without changing grain’s self statistical characters.
文摘Background As the only active component in final treatment phase of Tip-Edge Plus technique, the activation of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires is one of the factors that affect the torque expression. It is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties of the nickel-titanium wire used in the final treatment phase in simulated oral environments to forecast the treatment outcomes. Methods The mechanical properties of 171 thermal nickel-titanium wires of 0.35 mm (0.014-in) in diameters with different deflection of 40 mm in length were investigated with three-point bending test. The samples were divided into 2 groups: as-received and bended groups. In the bended group, samples were divided into 7 subgroups according to the amounts of deflection and named by the canine angulations (-25~, -19~, -13~, -7~, -1~, +5~, +11~). The deflection of wires was made by inserting the wires into the deep tunnel of Tip-Edge Plus brackets positioned in plaster casts with different canine angulations to mimic the use of nickel-titanium wires in the final treatment phase. Immersed the bended group in artificial saliva (pH 6.8) and preserved at 37.0~C. Eight durations of incubation were tested: 1 to 8 weeks. Three analogous samples of each group and subgroups were tested per week. Stiffness (YS:E) and the load-deflection characteristics of unloading plateau section were obtained. Results Significant changes in specific mechanical properties were observed in long-term immersed and large deflected wires compared with as-received groups. Both immersion time and deflection affected the mechanical properties of wires in the simulated oral environment, and the two factors had synergistic effect. In groups -25~, -19~ and -13~, stiffness (YS:E) increased then decreased and average plateau force and ratio of variance decreased then increased correspondingly at specific time. Conclusions In the final treatment phase of Tip-Edge Plus technique, the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium wire are associated with the using time and amounts of deflection and it may affect treatment outcomes. As the main reason for wire deflection, canine crown angulation plays an important role in the wire performance. It may be wise to focus on the canine crown angulations and using time in clinic with Tip-Edge Plus technique and make proper adjustment to help to make sure the treatment outcomes.
文摘To discover and identify the influential nodes in any complex network has been an important issue.It is a significant factor in order to control over the network.Through control on a network,any information can be spread and stopped in a short span of time.Both targets can be achieved,since network of information can be extended and as well destroyed.So,information spread and community formation have become one of the most crucial issues in the world of SNA(Social Network Analysis).In this work,the complex network of twitter social network has been formalized and results are analyzed.For this purpose,different network metrics have been utilized.Visualization of the network is provided in its original form and then filter out(different percentages)from the network to eliminate the less impacting nodes and edges for better analysis.This network is analyzed according to different centrality measures,like edge-betweenness,betweenness centrality,closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality.Influential nodes are detected and their impact is observed on the network.The communities are analyzed in terms of network coverage considering theMinimum Spanning Tree,shortest path distribution and network diameter.It is found that these are the very effective ways to find influential and central nodes from such big social networks like Facebook,Instagram,Twitter,LinkedIn,etc.
文摘In existing methods for segmented images,either edge point extraction or preservation of edges,compromising contrast images is so sensitive to noise.The Degeneration Threshold Image Detection(DTID)framework has been proposed to improve the contrast of edge filtered images.Initially,DTID uses a Rapid Bilateral Filtering process for filtering edges of contrast images.This filter decomposes input images into base layers in the DTID framework.With minimal filtering time,Rapid Bilateral Filtering handles high dynamic contrast images for smoothening edge preservation.In the DTID framework,Rapid Bilateral Filtering with Shift-Invariant Base Pass Domain Filter is insensitive to noise.This Shift-Invariant Filtering estimates value across edges for removing outliers(i.e.,noise preserving base layers of the contrast image).The intensity values are calculated in the base layer of the contrast image for accurately detecting nearby spatial locations using Shift-Invariant base Pass Domain Filter(SIDF).At last,Affine Planar Transformation is applied to detect edge filtered contrast images in the DTID framework for attaining a high quality of the image.It normalizes the translation and rotation of images.With this,Degeneration Threshold Image Detection maximizes average contrast enhancement quality and performs an experimental evaluation of factors such as detection accuracy,rate,and filtering time on contrast images.Experimental analysis shows that the DTID framework reduces the filtering time taken on contrast images by 54%and improves average contrast enhancement quality by 27%compared to GUMA,HMRF,SWT,and EHS.It provides better performance on the enhancement of average contrast enhancement quality by 28%,detection accuracy rate by 26%,and reduction in filtering time taken on contrast images by 30%compared to state-of-art methods.
文摘 CAS 132-2006 formulation background and work courses
Flat panel display technology is maturing alongside the development of science and technology. The prices of flat panel display TV sets are becoming lower and lower. Flat panel display TV sets have begun entering the mainstream and are now the first choice of some consumers when making new TV purchases.Display TV Set Installation Service Point Explanation and AnalysisRepair, Retreat and Change Duty Stipulations. Peculiar use conditions, usage environments, and the practical circumstances of user consumption service requirements, etc., were also taken into account on the basis of extensive investigation, testing, and verification.……