Research on Supervision of Country Public Goods Supply Based on Public Choice Theory

To increase the provision of rural public goods is a major task of Chinese new rural construction, while it can not do without the necessary supervision. This paper described the relationship between public choice theory and the provision of rural public goods and it was a basis for in-depth study of the government＇s subject behavior from the perspective of public choice, and led to the necessity of regulation of rural public goods provision in rural areas, then it presented a strengthen monitoring of the rationalization proposals.

Problems and Countermeasures of Bike-Sharing System in China Based on the theory of Public Goods

Under the new normal of China’s economic development,bike-sharing,a new product of the“Internet+”era,opens the door to a novel lifestyle for the society,and is in the stage of rapid development.Nevertheless,with the explosive growth of the number of bicycles,some new problems gradually come out,such as disorderly parking,serious damage and waste of resources,which in turn restrict its further development.Based on the theory of public goods,this article studies the quasi-public goods attributes and problems of bike-sharing,as well as provides feasible measures for its long-term development,so as to realize the co-governance and sharing among enterprises,consumers and government.

Globalization Under the Spells of Breakdowns in Supply Chains, Regime Change, Regime Formation, and Alliance Restructuring: How Much Is Left for Public Goods?

In a paper conceived about five years ago(“Globalization and Public Goods:Too Big to Tackle?”)roughly a dozen factors were linked to explain important causal paths from globalization to the potential output of public goods.The Russian invasion of Ukraine,the corona epidemic,and the increased hegemonic rivalry between China and the U.S.interrupted or even destroyed many of the linkages between globalization and potential public good production.About five important detrimental paths involved in the meantime.In the present article we aim at linking what is left from the previous level of globalization or emerging to form a new and simplified causal model for likely linkages between truncated or(re-)emerging globalization,and the deadly needed output of public goods.These linkages refer to rules of climate control,go to trade linkages and arbitrary tariffs and trade interventions.Regime change,regime formation,and alliance restructuring address aspects of domestic rule and international stability.Selectorate theory,regime type,and exit options for political elites provide key explanatory factors in explaining globalization and public goods productions,or their decay.Where possible we use some data and transformation experiences corroborating our arguments.In other instances need for further empirical macro research will become clear.

Globalization and Public Goods:Too Big to Tackle?

The massive Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 will have unforeseeable effects on the themes addressed here,from international regime change to infra-structural re-orientation to value changes.Here we concentrate on the positive cycle of effects globalization has brought about before the new war in Europe,mainly economic growth and(some)pressures for democratic development,as well as the negative cycle that originates in(relative)economic decline,elite dissent,even failed states and regime change,often in the direction of counter-democracy.The causal links between 13 independent and intervening variables and public goods as the dependent variable are specified in this explanatory sketch.There is need for broadening the view in explaining causal paths between globalization factors and the production of public goods.In doing that we focus in particular on variables like elite dissent,immigration,and new minorities,all three weakening the capacities of states to respond.Further we state that all four:ecological challenges,economic and social inequality and polarization,regime change,and international terrorism can be viewed as to their joint effects on the production of public goods.Selectorate theory is crucial.It explains political regimes on the base of the size of the selectorate with large(s)electorates producing public goods,as in democracies,and small ones only private ones,as in sultanist regimes and dictatorships.

Discussion on How Government Can Provide Public Goods Better

Public goods are non-exclusive and non-competitive commodities.Because of this characteristic,the government has become the main body of providing public goods in most cases.However,at present,the government has problems such as low efficiency and waste of resources in the process of providing public goods.Based on the perspective of public choice theory,this article analyzes why government failures occur in the process of providing public goods,and proposes path reconstruction suggestions.

论合同违背公序良俗——以《合同编解释》第17条为中心

《合同编解释》进一步丰富、完善了《民法典》第153条关于违背公序良俗的民事法律行为无效的规定。由于公序良俗具有高度抽象性和概括性,而法律法规的强制性规定具有具体针对性,因此《合同编解释》第17条要求应优先适用《民法典》第153条第1款关于违反法律法规的强制性规定无效的规定。由于公序良俗作为不确定概念需要类型化,该条将违背公序良俗行为进行类型化处理,并进一步采取了动态系统论的方法,为法院认定公序良俗提供指引,有利于统一裁判规则,保障交易当事人的合理预期,维护意思自治。由于公序良俗集中体现了社会主义核心价值观,因此依据该条规定,应以核心价值观作为公序良俗适用中的价值判断,以核心价值观统一公序良俗的适用标准。

数据三权分置制度释论:底层逻辑、法理反思与法律实现

数据产权分置涵括建立数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权分置的产权运行机制,这与数据从资源到要素再到产品的价值创造规律高度契合。尽管数据产权与数据财产权存在映射关系,但财产权所构筑的人为排他性,会增加数据流通和利用的成本,对数据价值实现产生相应影响,这也给数据产权分置政策转化为法律规范带来挑战。目前从数据主体视角出发形成的单一产权或二元权利结构,与“数据产权结构性分置”之政策意蕴和方向性策略不相一致。为此,要确保数据确权不偏离政策目标并实现“三权分置”的制度功能,就需要回归到数据客体视角,探索数据价值形态梯次变化的底层逻辑,破解既有数据确权研究中的理论困境,进而对数据资源持有权、数据加工使用权、数据产品经营权的配置提供必要的制度供给。

公共产品理论视野下中华文化走出去传播研究——以国际公共产品为例

在推动中华文化走出去的背景下,数字文化产品成为重要展示内容。尤其是在公共产品理论视野下的国际公共产品,凭借满足受众需求、消费的非竞争性以及受益的非排他性优势,推动中华文化走出去的效果显著。与此同时,国际公共产品反映了主要供给主体未定、媒介议程设置以及白搭车问题,一定程度上影响了国际公共产品的传播。因此,未来可以尝试从国际公共产品的供给主体、媒介环境与经济效益机制入手改进,以期为国际公共产品与数字文化产品发展提供借鉴意义,推动中华文化更好地走出去。

Crucial Elements for Understanding Democratization and Autocratization

Aristotle related both dependent variables:democratization and autocratization in his broader explanation of regime change.For him two factors were crucial,the number of rulers(one,a few,the masses)and their values and behavior in terms of normal times and in crises periods.Here we try to be as parsimonious as possible emphasizing the size of the selectorate,as Aristotle knew already.The selectorate comprises the people who have a say in selecting political leaders.In this respect selectorate theory(Bueno de Mesquita et al.)is purely formal and helps to explain both,the origins of democracy and autocracy as well as their dismissal.The size of the selectorate is the crucial intervening variable in linking more specific causes and circumstances for bringing about the respective states on the dependent variables.Other theoretical glimpses will be taken at crises of democracies and autocracies.The size of the electorate can be limited by(brute)force or even through abstaining from the right to vote or using it to abolish democracy for autocracy(Przeworski,Zimmermann,and Saalfeld).Here we emphasize four major blocs of variables:(1)economic success(Lipset,Huntington),(2)the relative size of the consenters,dissenters,and assenters(Easton,Wright,Linz)bolstering even badly performing democratic and autocratic regimes,(3)the exit options and alternatives created for and by political and economic elites,possibly tied to potential mass mobilization and protest action,and(4)democratic peace theory as to external challenges to regime change.A causal model will be developed around those factors hopefully bringing about a consistent understanding of the basic processes of democratization and autocratization.

智能传播时代下的江苏省社情舆情研究:情境危机传播理论与善治理论的交汇

本文深入探讨了智能传播时代江苏省社情舆情的特点、问题及解决方案,综合应用情境危机传播理论和善治理论,为社会治理提供了有益启示。首先,描述了智能传播时代的背景,强调信息传播变革带来的机遇和挑战,特别凸显社情舆情面临的复杂性。其次,详细探讨了情境危机传播理论和善治理论的基本概念、在社情舆情研究中的应用及操作方法,凸显了它们在智能传播时代的重要性。在两者的交汇点上,强调了它们在公众参与和信息透明等方面的共通之处。接着,强调了综合运用这两个理论的价值,尤其是在智能传播时代,如何更全面有效地应对社情舆情挑战。最后,提出了江苏省社情舆情的具体应对策略,包括建立多元参与的治理机制、智能化的危机管理体系及强化信息透明度与公开沟通。结论总结了对江苏省社情舆情研究的启示,并强调未来研究方向的重要性,以推动社会治理体系的创新与进步。

中国有效参与北极规则塑造的“低政治性”话语权场域与路径研究

依据场域理论,北极规则塑造难题反映的是北极的利益分野、叙事身份的“自我—他者”对抗以及新规构建的复杂性。我国应当将目光转向法律性强的“低政治性”议题,寻求构筑新的话语场域。目前,北极“低政治性”领域的规则塑造的不足包括:区域与多边治理的区隔与排斥、制度性全球公共产品供给缺陷、区域内外规则的非融合性与不协调性、“高政治性”规则传导影响“低政治性”规则等。中国应当构建新型的“冰上丝绸之路”话语场域,在不同规则塑造环境中分述“自我”身份,包括以合作者身份促进规则多边化转移、以主导者身份推动通用性规则移植,以主要提供者身份供给全球公共产品,倡导非北极国家优惠条款,以及善意解释“高政治性”规则等。

论精神控制行为的侵权法规制

近年来,精神控制引发了一系列社会问题。从先行行为与交往安全义务理论的视角看,精神控制行为具有违法性,是类型性侵权行为,故在损害后果要件中应对纯粹性精神损害予以认可。从相当因果关系理论的视角看,精神控制行为与纯粹精神损害及生命健康等人身损害具有因果关系,故在行为人具有故意或过失的主观过错且不具有免责事由之际,行为人实施精神控制侵害他人权益构成侵权,需承担侵权责任。总之,精神世界并非法外空间,行为人实施精神控制,因故意或过失造成受害人损害,行为人应承担侵权责任。

治理理论视野下的教育公共治理

治理理论反映了20世纪90年代以来西方公共管理理论的新进展。治理理论批评了"新公共管理"效率至上的倾向,转向构建以合作和服务为核心的政府、市场、公民社会的新型关系。在治理理论的影响下,西方教育公共治理更为关注教育的公共性,呈现出服务主体多元化、服务组织结构扁平化、第三部门蓬勃发展的态势。向"善治"迈进的西方教育公共治理正在不断强化公共事务的自主治理,打造教育公共行政与自主治理良性互动的机制,为达成公共教育利益的最大化而努力。

北极争端的症结及其解决路径——公共物品的视角

全球气候变暖导致北极冰川融化,使其价值突显。近些年来,沿岸各国乃至圈外国对北极主权或实际控制权的争夺日趋激烈。如何构建适当的国际机制,和平而妥善地解决北极争端成为一个亟待解决的问题。从公共物品的视角对北极争端的症结、解决路径及机制的建立进行分析,可以发现三大症结———安全、资源及航道———因公共物品特性的差异而存在不同的解决逻辑。根据国际公共物品管理的两种思路———私有化和共同管理,北极争端症结的解决模式亦应有所区别。

公共物品私人供给的纳什均衡分析

按私人供给的决定方式 ,公共物品可以划分为三类 :替代型、互补型和包含型。本文采用博弈论的方法 ,通过模型对三种情况下参与方的供给决策行为进行分析 ,并求出纳什均衡解。文章最后讨论了所求解的合理性 ,并通过比较提出了一些有益的结论和启示。

建立公益林生态效益补偿制度的理论依据

本文引用国内外专家对森林生态价值问题的研究成果 ,说明森林具有生态价值。可是 ,由于目前公益林所发挥的生态效益被无偿享用 ,使公益林的生态价值得不到补偿 ,投入的成本也无法回收 ,因此必须给予补偿。同时 ,本文运用公共物品和外部性理论论证了公益林属于公共物品 ,具有明显的外部经济性 ,市场机制无法保障公益林的有效供给 ,所以公益林补偿必须由政府干预。

企业“绿色责任”动因与行为的博弈分析

企业"绿色责任"是指企业在环境影响、资源利用方面所应承担的社会责任。以博弈论为主要工具,分析了企业"绿色责任"行为效果作为"公共产品"及"私人产品"两种情形下,企业"绿色责任"行为的动因与行为规律。研究发现,在企业"绿色责任"行为效果作为公共产品的假设下,博弈的初始条件对企业的群体行为有关键影响,通过政策干预改变博弈初始条件是防止企业群体败德,使得企业"绿色责任"博弈向健康方向发展的前提;在企业"绿色责任"行为效果作为私人产品的假设下,通过消费者、供应链的区分与选择机制,使得企业行为的外部效应内部化是涵育战略性企业"绿色责任"行为的有效途径。

论高校图书馆部分有偿服务的经济学基础及其意义

明确高校图书馆提供的服务是部分有偿的,将有助于图书馆提高其服务质量。本文借鉴经济学中的公共产品理论予以推导,提示高校图书馆应把读者当成上帝,提高其服务质量。

准公共物品私人供给机制的博弈分析——以中国交通基础设施投资为例

本文根据交通基础设施投资需求与政府投资能力二者之间的三种关系,构建了政府与私人投资的三重博弈模型,通过对政府完全供给、私人自发参与供给和私人有偿参与供给三种情形下的博弈均衡分析,阐明了准公共物品领域中政府与私人投资者的博弈动机、行为以及效果,明确提出政府应占据博弈的主导地位以及优惠政策必须适时和适度,才能建立起社会收益与私人收益的共赢结构。

基于公共产品供给理论的森林生态产品产出效率比较分析

以公共产品供给理论为视角,以劳动力和资金投入为供给投入指标,森林旅游产值、林分总面积和造林总面积为供给产出指标,依据1998—2013年的数据,运用灰色GM(0,3)和主成分分析方法,分析资金投入和劳动力投入对森林旅游、造林面积和林分面积的弹性影响效果,并整体上比较研究黑龙江国有重点林区5个林业区域的森林生态产品的产出效率。结果表明:资金投入对森林生态产品供给产出效率影响最大;在黑龙江省国有重点林区5个林业区域中,合江林管局的森林生态产品政府供给效率最高,带岭实验局的最低。因此,应拓宽森林生态产品资金供给的渠道、优化森林生态产品供给资金的结构、完善森林生态供给技术体系和服务体系,以便提升森林生态产品的产出效率。