Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children in Impoverished Rural China:A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of First Grade Junior High School

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems and related factors of left-behind children in impoverished rural China(mainly in thefirst grade of junior high school).Methods:A cross-sectional survey of rural households in 27 poverty-stricken counties in 12 provinces across China was conducted using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ).Results:The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in left-behind children was 11.7%,and that of non-left-behind children was 8.9%.There was statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.01).There are no differences between the two groups in terms of the various factors of SDQ.The incidence of insomnia in the left-behind group was 58.3%,which was higher than that in the non-left-behind group 50.9%(P<0.01);loneliness(62.1%vs.51.8%,P<0.01);running away from home(23.1%vs.18.8%,P<0.01),and self-injury behavior(16.8%vs.12.2%,P<0.01).Left-behind children are more likely to have negative psychological feelings including insomnia,loneliness,self-injury,and run away from home.They also experienced more bullying including maliciously teased by peers,intentionally excluded or isolated,physically threatened or intimidated.All of these factors are associated with their abnormal emotional and behavioural development.Conclusion:The incidence of emotional and behavioral problems of left-behind children in rural areas in poverty-stricken areas is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children;Logistic regression analysis showed that bullying behavior and abnormal psychological characteristics are significantly associated with left-behind adolescents abnormal emotional and behavioral development.

Parental Migration’s Effects on the Academic and Non-Academic Performance of Left-Behind Children in Rural China

This study investigates the impact of parental labor migration on the academic achievements and non-academic growth of left-behind children in fourth and seventh grades. Employing survey data collected from rural China in 2014, 2015, and 2016, we examine the effect of parental absence on children's academic achievement using Propensity Score Matching(PSM) and Difference in Difference(DID) methods. The results demonstrate that left-behind children whose parents have migrated for one year have statistically significantly lower academic scores. Academic scores drop lower for fourthgrade students and students from higher-income families. There are also adverse effects on left-behind children's confidence, teacher-student relationships, subjective well-being, and educational expectations if parents migrate for one year. Surprisingly, if parental migration lasts longer(totaling two years), these adverse effects disappear, and student's educational expectations even improve. These results may be because, over time, the adverse effects that occur immediately after parental migration are offset by the positive effects of migration(i.e. higher income). These conclusions can inform migrant parents on ways to utilize their resources to improve the academic performance of their left-behind children.

Dietary Behaviors and Influencing Factors among Rural Left-behind Children Aged below 7 Years in China

Left-behind children comprise a special population inChinese rural areas. According to the 2007 China Census,the number ofleft-behind children aged≤14 years was estimated at 58 million which suggested that these childrencon stituted a

Psychological Capital Status of Left-Behind Rural Children in China and Its Relationship with Mental Health

Background:The mental health of left-behind rural children of China has become a prominent social problem.At the same time,psychological capital has become a positive psychological resource to promote personal growth.However,the relationship between psychological capital and mental health of left-behind rural children has not been explored.Method:A total of 332 left-behind rural children were investigated using a questionnaire of psychological capital and mental health scale.The psychological capital status of left-behind rural children and its impact on mental health were analyzed.Results:(1)Left-behind rural children were found to have a psychological capital score of was 3.16±0.56;Gender,age,grade,and school style had no significant effect on psychological capital.(2)Left-behind rural children obtained a mental health score of 2.21±0.5 G and gender,age,grade,and school style had no significant effect on mental health.(3)A significant negative correlation is found between psychological capital and mental health scores of left-behind rural children.Regression analysis shows that psychological capital is negatively correlated with mental health scores.Conclusion:The psychological capital of left-behind rural children can positively predict their mental health,and thus developing the former can promote the latter.

Preliminary Study on Crime Prevention of Left-behind Children in Rural China

In the process of social and economic development in China,there appears the inevitable problem of crime of left-behind children.Extensive researches and disputes prove that it is,to a greater extent,a social phenomenon resulted from social factors. It is recommended to improve the treatment of migrant workers and solve the problem of school admission for their children,provide effective legal education for those left-behind children whose problem can not be solved in a short term,and supplement the guardianship role to control the crime rate of leftbehind children. Another more effective method is to resume effective control of people's social life through the rural cultural tradition,to fundamentally prevent crime of left-behind children.

A Survey on English Reading Status of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas of Northern China

Taking Suining County in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu province as the survey subject,this paper is to study the current English reading situation of the left-behind children based on a questionnaire survey of 472 respondents from 4 primary and middle schools in rural areas.The result indicated that there are serious problems in the current situation of English reading among left-behind children in rural areas,which are as follows:insufficient reading time and books,few access to having books,increased digital reading,many reading disabilities,poor reading environment,etc.This paper analyzes the reasons and gives corresponding countermeasures for society,school and family,to improve the English reading condition of rural left-behind children and to better promote their reading ability and habits.It also provides the reference for narrowing the disparity gap of reading resources services between urban and rural China.

Research on The Social Assistance of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas under The Policy of Precise Poverty Alleviation

With the development of economy, a large number of surplus labor force in rural areas has been transferred to cities, resulting in the increasing number of left-behind children in rural areas. Left-behind children are in a critical period of ideological enlightenment, accepting obligation education, outlook on life and world outlook, and the absence of parental care and education has a negative impact on their growth. It is an important problem to solve this problem in every aspect of society.

Investigation of children’s habits of smartphone usage and parental awareness of myopia control in underdeveloped areas of China

AIM: To investigate the behaviors of smartphone usage and parental knowledge of vision health among primary students in the rural areas of China. METHODS: In this school-based, cross-sectional study, a total of 52 606 parents of students from 30 primary schools in the Xingguo County were investigated through an online questionnaire from July 2020 to August 2020. The self-designed questionnaire contained three parts: the demographic factors of both children and parents, parental knowledge and attitude toward myopia, and the preventive treatment of myopia.RESULTS: A total of 52 485 appropriately answered questionnaires were received, showing an effective response rate of 95.1%. The average age of the primary students was 10.1±0.98 y and the prevalence of myopia among the primary students was 40.3%. The age of myopia occurrence in elementary students was significantly correlated with the parents’ educational level(95%CI: 0.82-0.98, P=0.013), children’s gender(95%CI: 1.08-1.20, P<0.001), school location(county or countryside)(95%CI: 0.59-0.66, P<0.001), children’s smartphone ownership(95%CI: 1.09-1.26, P<0.001), and the average time spent on smartphone per day(95%CI: 0.78-0.88, P<0.001). School location in the county town, high family income, and high parents’educational level significantly affected both parents’ myopia awareness and children’s vision-threatening behaviors(P<0.01). Left-behind children showed a higher incidence of vision-threatening habits than those who lived with their parents(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The results reveal the current situation of myopia development among rural primary school students and their parents. This survey will serve as a guidance for designing myopic prevention policies in the rural areas of China.

Growing Up with Distant Parents:Socialization and Alienation of“Left-Behind”Children in Rural China

An increasing number of left-behind children has emerged in rural China as a result of the large-scale migration of rural farmers to urban cities since the 1990s.With the absence of parent(s)from the family,the left-behind children face crises in socialization and their relationships with their parents are threatened by physical distance.This paper investigates how Chinese left-behind children negotiate the missing roles of parents and how the parent-child relations in such families change over time,through in-depth case studies of two left-behind children with different family backgrounds in rural Henan province.

中国农村地区妇幼卫生工作现状与分析

目的:了解我国农村地区妇幼卫生工作现状,分析存在的问题,为进一步改善妇女儿童健康状况,完成千年发展目标的承诺提出有针对性的政策建议。方法:对400个县级行政单位进行调查,对妇幼卫生的相关指标进行分析。结果与讨论:妇幼卫生工作总体进展较好,地区差异仍然存在;孕产妇住院分娩工作成绩显著,健康管理工作推进相对缓慢;儿童保健工作仍需加大力度。建议:继续加大对中西部地区妇幼卫生工作支持力度,缩小地区差异;稳步推动孕产妇保健工作进一步发展,降低孕产妇和婴儿死亡率;加强儿童健康管理工作力度,提高儿童健康水平。

农民工子弟学校教师现状与管理对策研究——基于广东省珠三角地区的调查分析

农民工子弟学校教师的生存与发展状况长期受到社会的忽视。通过对珠三角地区农民工子弟学校教师现状的调查,发现农民工子弟学校中落后的管理理念与方式是导致教师队伍现状的直接原因。农民工子弟学校必须使用刚柔并济的方式优化教师队伍,保障教师利益,最终提升教学质量,保证农民工子女受教育过程的公平性。

流动儿童教育与我国的教育体制改革

随着大量农村人口进入城市,流动儿童的规模不断扩大。流动儿童教育目前存在的问题暴露了我国教育制度、政策及观念等方面的僵化,反映了城乡分隔管理体制的弊端,对实现九年义务教育的目标提出了新挑战。

透析农村留守儿童教育管理政策

梳理农村留守儿童教育管理政策,发现具有"三多三少"的特点,即国家政策多方向引领少专门法律,地方政策多雷同措施少本土特色,基层政策多普遍措施少实效办法。针对这些特点,文章从政策选择、政策支持、政策运作机制上提出了一些建议。

新时期农村留守儿童教育问题探析

农村留守儿童,是中国经济社会高速发展进程中产生的特殊社会群体。如何加强对农村留守儿童的教育和管理,使他们健康成长,已成为我国社会主义新农村建设的重要因素之一。在介绍新时期农村留守儿童教育问题现状的基础上,分析了新时期农村留守儿童教育问题产生的诸多原因,并针对问题提出了解决农村留守儿童教育问题的对策建议。

农村留守儿童教育缺失及其应对之策

农村留守儿童教育缺失是我国现阶段农村劳动力流动就业的必然结果,其突出表现是学习成绩下降、安全意识淡薄、道德行为失范、人格心理不健全。根源在于家庭监管不力、学校教育缺乏针对性、政府管理缺位。解决这一问题,政府应担负主要职责,还要发挥好家庭、学校教育的作用,治本之策是大力发展农村二、三产业和小城镇建设,促进农村劳动力就地就近就业,为农村儿童的健康成长创造良好环境。

农村留守儿童的网格化治理方式

我国留守儿童问题由来已久,但至今未能形成良好的治理模式,被动性、运动式治理特征鲜明。将城市网格化治理理念引入农村留守儿童治理之中,从而建立针对于我国当前发展阶段,农村留守儿童问题的解决机制。基于多元治理理论,将农村留守儿童划分网格,并将学校、村委会、网格员等各治理主体相结合,建立留守儿童常态化的协同治理机制。

创新社会管理体制 改善农村留守儿童状况

目前国内针对农村留守儿童教育本身进行研究的文献很多,但从社会管理体制的角度研究解决农村留守儿童教育问题的文献极少。文章分析了产生农村留守儿童问题的体制性原因,提出了改善农村留守儿童状况的体制性措施及管理性措施。

德国“多代屋”项目在我国农村留守儿童管理中的应用探索

农村留守儿童问题是现代化、城市化进程的产物,它本身既是社会发展的代价,同样也给社会管理创新带来了机会。德国"多代屋"项目最早被广泛地运用到养老领域中,它把同一社区内不同的群体聚集在一起,创造一个有利于老年人快乐生活和健康养老的社交场所,其核心理念是动员社会资源为弱势群体服务,形成整体社会管理。农村留守儿童作为弱势群体,其管理也需要全社会的积极关注与介入;多代屋的建立,可以调动社会各方面资源为留守儿童服务,帮助其快乐学习与健康成长。

民族地区农村留守儿童问题与对策分析——以罗城仫佬族自治县为例

农村留守儿童是随着我国经济的快速发展,城镇化进程和农村剩余劳动力大规模的流向城市而出现的新的社会群体。对罗城县留守儿童的调查表明,民族地区的留守儿童普遍存在健康、安全、教育、心理等方面问题。努力通过建立农村留守儿童教育管理中心、提高农民的综合素质、开展多元化社会教育等途径,改善农村留守儿童的生活和教育环境。

Effects of Parental Migration on Mental Health of Left-behind Children： Evidence from Northwestern China

China＇s rapid development and urbanization have induced large numbers of rural residents to migrate from their homes in the countryside to urban areas in search of higher wages. It is estimated that there are more than 60 million ＂left-behind children ＂＂ （LBC） remaining in the countryside after their parents migrate, typically living with surrogate caregivers. Extensive research has focused on the impact of parental out- migration on children＇s mental health, but less attention has been paid to the effects of parental return-migration. The present paper examines the changes in mental health before and after the parents of fourth and fifih grade students out-migrate or return-migrate. We draw on a panel dataset collected by the authors of more than 19 000 students from 252 rural primary schools in northwestern China. Using DID and propensity score matching approaches, our results indicate that parental out-migration has a significant negative impact on the mental health of LBC, as they tend to exhibit higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of self-esteem. However, we find that parental return-migration has no significant effect on the mental health of LBC.