Objectives: To define optimum food and nutrient profiling in gender-specific and age group-specific variant regression models. Setting: 481 subjects of both sexes (18.4 years old) from Giza urban were set. Design: Die...Objectives: To define optimum food and nutrient profiling in gender-specific and age group-specific variant regression models. Setting: 481 subjects of both sexes (18.4 years old) from Giza urban were set. Design: Dietary assessment used the 24-h dietary recall data to calculate the estimated energy and (24) nutrients eaten by each individual. Four indices—food variety diversity score, healthy eating index (HEI), mean probability of nutrients adequacy (MPA) and nutrient rich food (NRF9.3) index score were used for assessing the profiling of the diet. Results: A total of 163 individual food items were consumed by the participants within the 24-h dietary recall with an average daily intake of (6.6) different food varieties. Grains were the top contributors of energy and 10 macro and micro nutrients followed by the meat group. Based on the MPA data, the mean acceptable intake (AI) of dietary calcium (32.9%) and vitamin C (30%) were limiting in the diet. The diet profiling consumed by the teenagers aged 14.8 years was inferior compared to that consumed by subjects aging 23.9 years. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the 4 indices as the dependent variable and all possible combinations of 16 nutrients of interest as independent variables. NRF9.3 was the optimum nutrient index and correlated negatively with markers of abdominal obesity. Conclusion: Implementation of nutrition intervention program was directed to youths to include age appropriate good healthy foods to decrease the risk of nutrient deficiencies.展开更多
The aim of this study was to estimate the intake level of glutamate and caffeine from some snacks and drinks. The survey was carried out during 2008 to 2009 in 3 selected governorates (Al-Hassa, Al- Katif and AD-Damma...The aim of this study was to estimate the intake level of glutamate and caffeine from some snacks and drinks. The survey was carried out during 2008 to 2009 in 3 selected governorates (Al-Hassa, Al- Katif and AD-Dammam) localized in the eastern area of Saudi Arabia. The age of study participants (298) was ranged between less than 4 – over 30 years. The snacks and drinks consumption data were gathered and calculated using the frequency methods. Forty nine samples of snacks and beverages were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for glutamate and caffeine contents. The results indicated that total intake of snacks, chocolates and drinks were significantly correlated (spearman r = 0.856, 0.591, 0.943, p = 0.0) with total intake of glutamate and caffeine. The mean of caffeine intake was 40.4± 44.5 mg, while the mean of glutamate intake was 0.134± 0.146 mg. The highest concentration of glutamate was in Pringles with Ketchup (0.420), Bugles Smoking BBQ (0.660) and Indomie with Vegetables (0.860). The high caffeine concentrations of Kit Kat, Ulker and Galaxy samples were 166, 165.5, and 134.5 mg/kg respectively, while the beverages, the high caffeine concentrations were presented in energy drinks like Red bull (345.5), Power Horse (339.0) and Bugzy(333.0) mg/L. The children aged between 4– 8 were the most consumers of snacks which containing glutamate, while the adolescents consumed more chocolates and beverages which containing caffeine. These finding suggests that consumption of salty snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages is mounting between important categories in the community, so interventions focusing on increasing physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption will have an impact on obesity control and promoting health.展开更多
THE Double Nine Festival,which falls on theninth day of the ninth lunar month,is anancient tradition among Han Chinese.TheBook of Changes,a famous classic in ancient China,designates the number 9 as yang(the masculine...THE Double Nine Festival,which falls on theninth day of the ninth lunar month,is anancient tradition among Han Chinese.TheBook of Changes,a famous classic in ancient China,designates the number 9 as yang(the masculine orpositive principle in nature).Thus Double Nine isknown as Chongyang in Chinese,meaning doubleyang.In The Western Capital Miscellancy,Ge Hong(281-341)of the Eastern Jin Dynasty described onetraditional custom of the Western Han Dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.24):″Wearing medicinal comel (Cornusofficinalis),eating double yang cake and drinking chry-santhemum wine on the ninth day of the ninth lunarmonth all help to prolong life.″Therefore the DoubleNine Festival is also celebrated as a festival for the old.People often wear medicinal cornel and climb to ahigh place to drink chrysanthemum wine.The customcomes from a legend:Huan Jing was a student ofnecromancer Fei Changfang in the Eastern Han Dy-nasty (25-220). One day Fei warned Huan that thelatter’s family was in danger of suffering a diaster展开更多
最近,一位读者发来email,称赞毛竹晨的专栏文章:Thank youvery much for the nice piece of writing bv Mao Zhuchen in your September issue.I was really fascinated by her English writing,such as“Students…and bidfarewell per...最近,一位读者发来email,称赞毛竹晨的专栏文章:Thank youvery much for the nice piece of writing bv Mao Zhuchen in your September issue.I was really fascinated by her English writing,such as“Students…and bidfarewell permanently,or temporarily to the campus life…before moving on tosummer,or career.”I would describe the article as lively,brief and vivid,and in-formative as well.本次专栏,让我们从一个新的侧面去观察和了解剑桥大学的校园生活。我们似乎能闻到他们厨房里的菜香和笑语,似乎能从俄罗斯的Vardim和奥地利的Tanja身上体验到世界的、人与人之间的巨大“落差”,从而引起读者或喜或悲、或远或近、或强或弱的联想。展开更多
文摘Objectives: To define optimum food and nutrient profiling in gender-specific and age group-specific variant regression models. Setting: 481 subjects of both sexes (18.4 years old) from Giza urban were set. Design: Dietary assessment used the 24-h dietary recall data to calculate the estimated energy and (24) nutrients eaten by each individual. Four indices—food variety diversity score, healthy eating index (HEI), mean probability of nutrients adequacy (MPA) and nutrient rich food (NRF9.3) index score were used for assessing the profiling of the diet. Results: A total of 163 individual food items were consumed by the participants within the 24-h dietary recall with an average daily intake of (6.6) different food varieties. Grains were the top contributors of energy and 10 macro and micro nutrients followed by the meat group. Based on the MPA data, the mean acceptable intake (AI) of dietary calcium (32.9%) and vitamin C (30%) were limiting in the diet. The diet profiling consumed by the teenagers aged 14.8 years was inferior compared to that consumed by subjects aging 23.9 years. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the 4 indices as the dependent variable and all possible combinations of 16 nutrients of interest as independent variables. NRF9.3 was the optimum nutrient index and correlated negatively with markers of abdominal obesity. Conclusion: Implementation of nutrition intervention program was directed to youths to include age appropriate good healthy foods to decrease the risk of nutrient deficiencies.
文摘The aim of this study was to estimate the intake level of glutamate and caffeine from some snacks and drinks. The survey was carried out during 2008 to 2009 in 3 selected governorates (Al-Hassa, Al- Katif and AD-Dammam) localized in the eastern area of Saudi Arabia. The age of study participants (298) was ranged between less than 4 – over 30 years. The snacks and drinks consumption data were gathered and calculated using the frequency methods. Forty nine samples of snacks and beverages were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for glutamate and caffeine contents. The results indicated that total intake of snacks, chocolates and drinks were significantly correlated (spearman r = 0.856, 0.591, 0.943, p = 0.0) with total intake of glutamate and caffeine. The mean of caffeine intake was 40.4± 44.5 mg, while the mean of glutamate intake was 0.134± 0.146 mg. The highest concentration of glutamate was in Pringles with Ketchup (0.420), Bugles Smoking BBQ (0.660) and Indomie with Vegetables (0.860). The high caffeine concentrations of Kit Kat, Ulker and Galaxy samples were 166, 165.5, and 134.5 mg/kg respectively, while the beverages, the high caffeine concentrations were presented in energy drinks like Red bull (345.5), Power Horse (339.0) and Bugzy(333.0) mg/L. The children aged between 4– 8 were the most consumers of snacks which containing glutamate, while the adolescents consumed more chocolates and beverages which containing caffeine. These finding suggests that consumption of salty snacks, and sugar-sweetened beverages is mounting between important categories in the community, so interventions focusing on increasing physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption will have an impact on obesity control and promoting health.
文摘THE Double Nine Festival,which falls on theninth day of the ninth lunar month,is anancient tradition among Han Chinese.TheBook of Changes,a famous classic in ancient China,designates the number 9 as yang(the masculine orpositive principle in nature).Thus Double Nine isknown as Chongyang in Chinese,meaning doubleyang.In The Western Capital Miscellancy,Ge Hong(281-341)of the Eastern Jin Dynasty described onetraditional custom of the Western Han Dynasty (206B.C.-A.D.24):″Wearing medicinal comel (Cornusofficinalis),eating double yang cake and drinking chry-santhemum wine on the ninth day of the ninth lunarmonth all help to prolong life.″Therefore the DoubleNine Festival is also celebrated as a festival for the old.People often wear medicinal cornel and climb to ahigh place to drink chrysanthemum wine.The customcomes from a legend:Huan Jing was a student ofnecromancer Fei Changfang in the Eastern Han Dy-nasty (25-220). One day Fei warned Huan that thelatter’s family was in danger of suffering a diaster
文摘最近,一位读者发来email,称赞毛竹晨的专栏文章:Thank youvery much for the nice piece of writing bv Mao Zhuchen in your September issue.I was really fascinated by her English writing,such as“Students…and bidfarewell permanently,or temporarily to the campus life…before moving on tosummer,or career.”I would describe the article as lively,brief and vivid,and in-formative as well.本次专栏,让我们从一个新的侧面去观察和了解剑桥大学的校园生活。我们似乎能闻到他们厨房里的菜香和笑语,似乎能从俄罗斯的Vardim和奥地利的Tanja身上体验到世界的、人与人之间的巨大“落差”,从而引起读者或喜或悲、或远或近、或强或弱的联想。
