Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for pore-scale mass diffusionadvection process in geopolymer porous structures

Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material design.In this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous structures.These structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore architectures.In our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population function.To address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)parallelization.Validation of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous structures.Remarkably,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,respectively.Notably,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection process.Increased background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,respectively.Conversely,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore volume.This comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope uptake in porous structures,facilitating the development of porous materials for nuclear waste treatment applications.

Optimization and Characterization of Combined Degumming Process of Typha angustata L. Stem Fibers

Plant derived natural fibers have been widely investigated as alternatives to synthetic fibers in reinforcing polymers.Researchers over the years have explored many plant fibers using different extraction processes to study their physical,chemical,and mechanical properties.In this context,the present study relates to the extraction,characterization,and optimization of Typha angustata L.stem fibers.For this purpose,desirability functions and response surface methodology were applied to simultaneously optimize the diameter(D),linear density(LD);yield(Y),lignin fraction(L),and tenacity(T)of Typha stem fibers.Typha stems have been subjected to both alkali(NaOH)and enzymatic(pectinex ultra-SPL)treatments.Three levels of process variables including enzyme concentration(10,15,and 20 ml/L)and treatment duration(10,15,and 20 days)were used to design the experiments according to the factorial design.Experimental results were examined by analysis of variance and fitted to second order polynomial model using multiple regression analysis.The Derringer’s desirability function released that the values of process variables generating optimized diameter,linear density,yield,lignin ratio and tenacity are 20 ml/L and 20 days for concentration of pectinex ultra-SPL enzyme and treatment duration,respectively.Confirmation was performed and high degree of correlation was found between the experimental and statistical values.Moreover,the morphological structure has been investigated by the scanning electron microscope,showing a crenelated structure of ultimate fiber bundles of cellulose composing the Typha fiber.Compared to Typha stem non-treated fibers(TSNTF),Typha stem combined treated fibers(TSCTF),brings to improve mechanical properties.This change in mechanical properties is affected by modifying the fiber structure showing alpha cellulose of(66.86%)and lignin ratio of(10.83%)with a crystallinity index of(58.47%).

Functional physiotherapy method results for the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot

BACKGROUND Idiopathic clubfoot is a congenital deformity of multifactorial etiology.The initial treatment is eminently conservative;one of the methods applied is the Functional physiotherapy method(FPM),which includes different approaches:Robert Debré(RD)and Saint-Vincent-de-Paul(SVP)among them.This method is based on manipulations of the foot,bandages,splints and exercises adapted to the motor development of the child aimed to achieve a plantigrade and functional foot.Our hypothesis was that the SVP method could be more efficient than the RD method in correcting deformities,and would decrease the rate of surgeries.AIM To compare the RD and SVP methods,specifically regarding the improvement accomplished and the frequency of surgery needed to achieve a plantigrade foot.METHODS Retrospective study of 71 idiopathic clubfeet of 46 children born between February 2004 and January 2012,who were evaluated and classified in our hospital according to severity by the Dimeglio-Bensahel scale.We included moderate,severe and very severe feet.Thirty-four feet were treated with the RD method and 37 feet with the SVP method.The outcomes at a minimum of two years were considered as very good(by physiotherapy),good(by percutaneous heel-cord tenotomy),fair(by limited surgery),and poor(by complete surgery).RESULTS Complete release was not required in any case;limited posterior release was done in 23 cases(74%)with the RD method and 9(25%)with the SVP method(P<0.001).The percutaneous heel-cord tenotomy was done in 2 feet treated with the RD method(7%)and 6 feet(17%)treated with the SVP method(P<0.001).Six feet in the RD group(19%)and twenty-one feet(58%)in the SVP group did not require any surgery(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence of the superiority of the SVP method over the RD method,as a variation of the FPM,for the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot.

Induction Heating in the Processing of Ti &Zr

Induction heating has important applications in science and industry. The method of induction heating can be successfully used for melting and heat treatment of titanium and zirconium alloys. Different applications using induction precise heating before plastic deformation are discussed in this paper. For alloys of many metals such as titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, etc., it is important to provide precision heating with a high degree of homogeneity of the temperature field and strict adherence to the condition of heating. This is explained by polymorphism of the alloys based on these metals, their chemical activity at high temperatures and the specific thermal and electrical properties. It is very important for induction heating to define the extreme achievable unevenness of the temperature field. For special alloys it is necessary to use resistance furnaces for homogenization of billets’ temperature after heating in the inductors. Optimal control can be used for massive billets to reduce significantly the heating time, energy expenses and to improve the quality of the temperature field distribution. Optimization of induction heating process can be achieved by synchronous solution of the problem of optimal control and design with specially developed models.

A sludge volume index (SVI) model based on the multivariate local quadratic polynomial regression method

In this study, a multivariate local quadratic polynomial regression(MLQPR) method is proposed to design a model for the sludge volume index(SVI). In MLQPR, a quadratic polynomial regression function is established to describe the relationship between SVI and the relative variables, and the important terms of the quadratic polynomial regression function are determined by the significant test of the corresponding coefficients. Moreover, a local estimation method is introduced to adjust the weights of the quadratic polynomial regression function to improve the model accuracy. Finally, the proposed method is applied to predict the SVI values in a real wastewater treatment process(WWTP). The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MLQPR method has faster testing speed and more accurate results than some existing methods.

A data-derived soft-sensor method for monitoring effluent total phosphorus

The effluent total phosphorus(ETP) is an important parameter to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment process(WWTP). In this study, a novel method, using a data-derived soft-sensor method, is proposed to obtain the reliable values of ETP online. First, a partial least square(PLS) method is introduced to select the related secondary variables of ETP based on the experimental data. Second, a radial basis function neural network(RBFNN) is developed to identify the relationship between the related secondary variables and ETP. This RBFNN easily optimizes the model parameters to improve the generalization ability of the soft-sensor. Finally, a monitoring system, based on the above PLS and RBFNN, named PLS-RBFNN-based soft-sensor system, is developed and tested in a real WWTP. Experimental results show that the proposed monitoring system can obtain the values of ETP online and own better predicting performance than some existing methods.

Importance of Food Physics, to Fulfill the Expectations of Modern Food Technologies

The paper deals with some questions of important aspects of food safety and application of principles of food physics in the food sector. Food production and processing of quality food and safe food are today of primary importance. Food production is based on the principles of Good Agricultural Practice （GAP）, Good Manufactoring Practice （GMP） and Good Hygiene Practice （GHP）. Recently, the industrial food processing is focused dominantly on the quality, and one of the basic requirements of the quality is the safety. There are different methods and techniques to produce safe food. The up-to-date food technologies and quality measurements （quality control and quality assurance） involve the application of different physical methods, e.g., high pressure, pulsing electrical field, nondestructive techniques, e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, near infrared reflectance, near infrared transmittance （NIR-NIT）, photo acoustic spectroscopy （PAS） and instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA） for chemical composition determination, radiation techniques, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis （RO） as well. Using ionizing radiation （nuclear methods） and non-ionizing radiation technologies, it is possible to fulfill a lot of expectations： decrease of microbial contamination, improve of sensory properties, increase of storability, etc..

Adolescents’ perspectives on a school-based physical activity intervention:A mixed method study

Purpose'. To examine adolescent experiences and perspectives of the GoActive intervention (ISRCTN31583496) using mixed methods processevaluation to determine satisfaction with intervention components and interpret a*dolescents experiences of the intervention process in order toprovide insights for future intervention design.Methods'. Participants (n = 1542;13.2 土 0.4 years, mean 土 SD) provided questionnaire data at baseline (shyness, activity level) and post-intervention(intervention acceptability, satisfaction with components). Between-group differences (boys vs. girls and shy/inactive vs. others) weretested with linear regression models, accounting for school clustering. Data from 16 individual interviews (shy/inactive) and 11 focus groupswith 48 participants (mean = 4;range 2—7) were thematically coded. Qualitative and quantitative data were merged in an integrative mixedmethods convergence matrix, which denoted convergence and dissonance across datasets.Results'. Effect sizes for quantitative results were small and may not represent substantial between-group differences. Boys (vs. girls) preferredclass-based sessions (0 = 0.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1—0.3);qualitative data suggested that this was because boys preferred competition,which was supported quantitatively (0 = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.3). Shy/inactive students did not enjoy the competition (0 = -0.3, 95%CI:—0.5 to —0.1). Boys enjoyed trying new activities more (0 = 0.1, 95%CI: 0.1 -0.2);qualitative data indicated a desire to try new activities acrossall subgroups but identified barriers to choosing unfamiliar activities with self-imposed choice restriction leading to boredom. Qualitative datahighlighted critique of mentorship;adolescents liked the idea, but older mentors did not meet expectations.Conclusion. We interpreted adolescent perspectives of intervention components and implementation to provide insights into future complexinterventions aimed at increasing young people's physical activity in school-based settings. The intervention component mentorship was liked inprinciple, but implementation issues undesirably impacted satisfaction;competition was disliked by girls and shy/inactive students. The resultshighlight the importance of considering gender differences in preference of competition and extensive mentorship training.

冷冻食品中冰晶检测技术的研究进展

冷冻加工过程中冰晶的形成与生长会对食品的品质造成极大影响。快速而准确地检测冷冻食品中的冰晶,以有效控制和调节其成核和生长,具有重要的科学价值。该文在总结冰结晶过程及其对冷冻食品品质影响的基础上,概述了近年来冷冻食品中冰晶检测技术的相关研究进展,并对未来发展趋势和面临的挑战进行了分析和展望。其中,基于光学、电学、磁学、声学等物理方法的新型冰晶检测技术具有无损在线检测的潜力,且可以结合人工智能技术,极大地提高冰晶检测的准确性和效率,是未来该领域的重要发展趋势。

压热及酶解脱支处理对莲藕淀粉品质的影响

淀粉是莲藕的主要成分。本研究通过压热处理、酶解脱支处理进行莲藕淀粉改性,并对其品质进行比较。结果发现:改性后莲藕淀粉中直链淀粉与碘结合能力显著增强,其中普鲁兰酶脱支处理莲藕淀粉(ELRS)的碘结合力最高,即可溶性直链淀粉含量最高;水合能力显著增强,其中压热法处理莲藕淀粉(HLRS)的持水性、持油性和膨胀度(21.766%)最高,析水率(14.300%)最低;压热后普鲁兰酶脱支处理莲藕淀粉(HELRS)的溶解度(63.555%)、透明度(0.717%)最高;改性后莲藕淀粉的糊化起始温度(T0)、热焓值(ΔH)、糊化温度(ΔT)均有所下降,其中HELRS的ΔH最低,表明改性后熔解莲藕淀粉所需的能量减少;检测改性后淀粉的凝胶特性表明,莲藕淀粉的硬度、弹性、内聚性、粘性和回弹性均有所下降。该研究结论为食品生产中针对不同需求进行淀粉改性提供了理论依据,并为莲藕淀粉的高附加值产品开发提供指导。

纤维再生微粉泡沫混凝土的配合比设计及制备研究

为解决再生微粉应用受限问题,提高资源化利用率,分析研究水灰比、发泡剂、掺合料、外加剂及纤维等因素对现有普通泡沫混凝土的影响规律,提出基于再生微粉的微活性和填充性,采用再生微粉部分取代水泥,通过物理发泡法制备纤维再生微粉泡沫混凝土,阐述新型纤维再生微粉泡沫混凝土配合比设计及制备工艺流程。

低碳脂肪胺的治理技术研究进展

低碳脂肪胺(LCFAs)的末端处理技术主要分为物理法、化学法和生物法等3类,物理方法主要包括液相吸收法、吸附法、空气吹脱法、膜分离法;化学法主要包括低温等离子体法、高温催化氧化、光催化氧化、微波辐射法和液相高级氧化法。重点介绍各种方法的原理、处理效率和优缺点等。研究表明,LCFAs的去除方法虽然多样,但每种方法在不同程度上都存在一定局限性。鉴于LCFAs出色的水溶性,提出将液相吸收法与高级氧化法/生物法联合使用将是一种十分具有前景的LCFAs治理技术。最后对LCFAs未来的治理方向提出了展望。

纤维增强热塑性复合材料/金属连接界面调控研究进展

综述了纤维增强热塑性复合材料/金属界面连接机制和界面调控的国内外研究动态,涵盖粘附和机械结合两种机制。简要概述了粘附机制的主要结合力类型,探讨了粘附机制下连接界面轻度较差的原因;重点关注了机械方法、化学方法、金属表面增材处理和激光加工4类机械结合界面调控方法,其中化学方法的使用会对环境造成一定危害,且难以精确控制微结构的形貌尺寸。而金属表面增材制备微观结构的方法目前还存在难以实现完全锚固且易变形造成应力集中的问题。利用高能量密度激光对金属表面进行粗化、清洗以及引入化学基团,可以在毫米、微米和纳米等不同尺度下调控微结构形貌,对接头强度的改善效果远高于喷砂、喷丸、砂纸打磨、铣削加工等机械方法。同时,超快脉冲激光与材料相互作用时间极短,热影响小,能加工出跨尺度复合结构,相比于其他金属表面处理方式,超快激光表面处理能更大程度上提高接头强度。

Increasing significance of advanced physical/chemical processes in the development and application of sustainable wastewater treatment systems

The awareness of the problem of the scarcity of water of high quality has strongly changed the approach of wastewater treatment.Currently,there is an increasing need for the beneficial reuse of treated wastewater and to recover valuable products and energy from the wastewater.Because microbiological treatment methods are,only to a limited part,able to satisfy these needs,the role and significance of physical/chemical processes in wastewater treatment are gaining more and more interest.The specific future role and aim of the various physical/chemical treatment processes can be categorized in five groups:improvement of the performance of microbiological treatment processes,achievement of the high quality required for reuse of the effluent,recovery of valuable components and energy from the wastewater for beneficial reuse,desalination of brackish water and seawater,and treatment of concentrated liquid or solid waste residues produced in a wastewater treatment process.Development of more environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment chains in which physical/chemical processes play a crucial role,also requires application of process control and modeling strategies.This is briefly introduced by the elaboration of treatment scenarios for three specific wastewaters.

禾虫酶解液脱腥的工艺优化

通过比较活性炭、绿茶、酵母3种不同脱腥处理对禾虫酶解液的脱腥效果,研究最佳的脱腥工艺。以禾虫酶解液为主要原料,进行活性炭吸附脱腥处理、绿茶掩盖脱腥处理、酵母发酵脱腥处理后,测定禾虫酶解上清液的澄清度、蛋白损失率,进行腥味感官评价,根据感官评价的模糊数学法评定出3种脱腥处理后腥味去除效果的强弱顺序。在此基础上,应用正交试验探究脱腥组合的禾虫酶解液脱腥效果,最终确定禾虫脱腥的最优工艺。结果表明,绿茶的脱腥效果最好,但蛋白质损失率较高;酵母的脱腥效果次之,而蛋白质损失率最低;活性炭的脱腥效果差且蛋白质损失率最高。对比绿茶和酵母的正交试验结果,确定禾虫酶解液最佳的脱腥方法是酵母处理,最优工艺为酵母用量0.6 g,温度35℃,时间30 min,经该工艺处理后,得到的禾虫酶解上清液澄清透亮、腥味较小、蛋白质损失率低。

青少年游泳运动员专项运动素质指标体系研究

游泳是以体能为主导的周期性项目,其专项运动素质是游泳运动员竞技能力的重要组成部分。本研究运用层次分析等方法对青少年游泳运动员专项运动素质的相关指标进行研究,旨在构建青少年游泳运动员专项运动素质指标体系,以期为青少年游泳运动员选材、训练提供理论参考。研究表明,青少年游泳运动员专项运动素质指标体系包含了一级指标6个,二级指标8个,三级指标12个。其中,一级指标及其权重为:速度专项素质(0.25)、力量专项素质(0.21)、耐力专项素质(0.17)、柔韧专项素质(0.15)、灵敏专项素质(0.12)、协调专项素质(0.1);二级指标及其权重为:位移速度(0.19)、快速力量(0.17)、有氧耐力(0.16)、力量耐力(0.14)、专项柔韧(0.12)、反应速度(0.09)、专项灵敏(0.07)、专项协调(0.06);三级指标及其权重为:50m游(0.16)、400m游(0.12)、5X100m划手游(0.11)、25m冲刺游(0.1)、5X100m打腿游(0.1)、伸肩(0.08)、1分钟跳绳(0.07)、出发反应时(0.05)、立定跳远(0.06)、坐位体前屈(0.05)、20秒反复横跨(0.05)、T测试(0.05)。

多年冻土区石油污染土物理性质、石油迁移及修复现状

随着多年冻土区石油资源的开发,石油污染问题日益严重。本文概述了多年冻土区石油污染土的物理性质和修复技术,以及石油污染物的迁移规律和模型。通过回顾相关研究发现:①在微观结构上,多年冻土区石油污染土平均孔隙度没有变化,但孔径增大,孔隙数量减少,各向异性程度降低。②土壤受到石油污染后,其导热率和冻结温度会显著降低,从而减少了土壤冻结成冰的分凝量和冻胀量。③位于多年冻土上部活动层的石油随冻融循环调控水分而发生迁移,而低渗透率的多年冻土层是有效阻止石油垂直迁移的天然屏障。④现有的石油迁移模型可分为两类:一是非水相流体在多孔介质中的渗流模型,二是非水相流体在多孔介质中的浓度分布模型。多年冻土区石油迁移模型的建立受多种因素的影响,特别是要考虑多年冻土区特殊的气候条件,如低温、淋滤和冻融循环等。⑤多年冻土区石油污染土壤的修复技术包括物理、化学和生物修复。其中,物理修复是应急首选,快速高效但成本较高;化学修复效果明显,但易造成二次污染;生物修复经济环保,但在多年冻土区受到诸多限制,且时效性长。总体而言,由于多年冻土区的石油污染场地的复杂性和多变性,单一的修复技术往往难以解决污染问题,联合使用物理、化学和生物修复方法是未来重要的发展趋势。

氢氧化镁阻燃剂的制备工艺研究进展与发展趋势

介绍了氢氧化镁(MH)阻燃剂的应用特点和作用机理,综述了MH阻燃剂的制备方法,包括物理粉碎法和化学合成法(固相法、气相法、液相法),着重介绍了液相法中的直接沉淀法、溶剂热及水热法、沉淀-共沸蒸馏法、超声化学法和微波辅助法。结合MH阻燃剂的工业应用特点,从微细纳米化、表面改性、多种制备工艺融合化研究、复合协同化和固体废弃物制备MH等5个方面对MH阻燃剂的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

我国非常规气田采出水处置方式及处理工艺现状

非常规天然气勘探开发面临耗水量大和采出水污染环境的问题。本文分析了我国非常规气田采出水的类型、特点以及对环境和生产的影响,研究了非常规气田采出水5种处置方式的实施情况,调研了四川盆地7个气田和鄂尔多斯盆地5个采气厂采出水的处置方式及相应的水处理工艺现状,发现四川盆地气田采出水现有主要处置方式是回用、外排,而鄂尔多斯盆地是回注。最后,针对两大盆地非常规气田采出水的处置方式及处理工艺提出了建议。

基于Donabedian模型的三级公立医院日间医疗质量评价体系研究

目的:构建三级公立医院日间医疗质量评价指标体系,为客观评价日间医疗质量提供科学依据。方法:采用文献检索和半结构化访谈法确定初始指标,设计专家函询问卷,采用德尔菲法和层次分析法构建基于Donabedian模型的三级公立医院日间医疗质量评价指标体系并确定各指标权重。结果:两轮专家函询的问卷有效回收率分别为90.91%和100%,专家权威系数为0.892,专家协调系数为0.137~0.246(P<0.05),各级指标判断矩阵均通过一致性检验(CR<0.1),最终构建的日间医疗质量评价指标体系包含3个一级指标、11个二级指标和38个三级指标。结论:本研究构建的三级公立医院日间医疗质量评价体系具有较高的科学性和可靠性,能够客观、全面地评价日间医疗质量,促进日间医疗质量规范化管理和持续改进。