Based on the framework of method of successive averages(MSA), a modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm was proposed, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow distribution of urban rail tran...Based on the framework of method of successive averages(MSA), a modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm was proposed, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow distribution of urban rail transit(URT) under network operation. In order to describe the congestion's impact to passengers' route choices, a generalized cost function with in-vehicle congestion was set up. Building on the k-th shortest path algorithm, a method for generating choice set with time constraint was embedded, considering the characteristics of network operation. A simple but efficient route choice model, which was derived from travel surveys for URT passengers in China, was introduced to perform the stochastic network loading at each iteration in the algorithm. Initial tests on the URT network in Shanghai City show that the methodology, with rational calculation time, promises to compute more precisely the passenger flow distribution of URT under network operation, compared with those practical algorithms used in today's China.展开更多
Human capital,as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers,is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature.This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies....Human capital,as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers,is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature.This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies.Technological innovation is a short-term activity that attaches importance to economic benefits while human capital accumulation is a long-term strategic process with lifelong benefits,and human capital is the foundation of technological innovation.In empirical part,this paper adopts Solow Residual Method to calculate stock,elasticity and growth rate of human capital of 10 countries after eliminating physical capital,labor force and technological innovation.It is found that human capital stock in the United States is the largest and human capital growth in China is the fastest.Calculation is followed by measurement.We construct a comprehensive index of human capital by using Index Weight Assignment Method and Two-level&Three-factor CES Function to measure and predict human capital level in China.Both calculating and measuring results show that growth rate of China’s human capital is around 5%.In the future,for high-quality economic development,China should give priority to human capital development and comprehensively improve human capital competitiveness.展开更多
针对高比例分布式光伏接入配网所引起的电压控制问题,利用柔性负荷的无功调节能力,并考虑光伏和负荷的不确定性,提出了配网日前两阶段无功随机优化调度方法。首先,在第1阶段根据光伏和负荷的预测值,优化反映电容器组动作和柔性负荷无功...针对高比例分布式光伏接入配网所引起的电压控制问题,利用柔性负荷的无功调节能力,并考虑光伏和负荷的不确定性,提出了配网日前两阶段无功随机优化调度方法。首先,在第1阶段根据光伏和负荷的预测值,优化反映电容器组动作和柔性负荷无功调度的离散决策变量。其次,在第2阶段考虑光伏和负荷的不确定性,优化光伏的无功出力和柔性负荷的无功调度量。在优化模型中,设置了电压偏差最小化和柔性负荷的无功调度次数最小化两种目标函数,采用ε约束法对多目标优化问题进行求解,并利用熵权优劣解距离(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)法选择最优折衷解。在修改的IEEE33节点系统进行仿真,结果表明所提方法能有效缓解由高比例分布式光伏并网所引起的电压越限问题。展开更多
参数时变失效概率函数(Time-Dependent Failure Probability Function,TDFPF)是结构时变可靠性优化设计的关键问题之一,其估计的精度与效率决定了结构时变可靠性优化的效果。针对时变失效概率函数计算成本高的问题,基于结构复合极限状...参数时变失效概率函数(Time-Dependent Failure Probability Function,TDFPF)是结构时变可靠性优化设计的关键问题之一,其估计的精度与效率决定了结构时变可靠性优化的效果。针对时变失效概率函数计算成本高的问题,基于结构复合极限状态思想提出了基于加权重要抽样的结构时变失效概率函数估计策略。对于加权重要抽样进行扩展,仅需一次可靠性分析,即可得到时变失效概率函数的估计,避免了多次重复计算。为了验证所提方法的精度与效率,给出数值算例及工业机器人减速器结构时变算例。结果表明,对于时变失效概率函数估计问题,所提方法适用性好,能够以较高效率获得满意的结果。展开更多
基金Project(2007AA11Z236) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2012M5209O1) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Based on the framework of method of successive averages(MSA), a modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm was proposed, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow distribution of urban rail transit(URT) under network operation. In order to describe the congestion's impact to passengers' route choices, a generalized cost function with in-vehicle congestion was set up. Building on the k-th shortest path algorithm, a method for generating choice set with time constraint was embedded, considering the characteristics of network operation. A simple but efficient route choice model, which was derived from travel surveys for URT passengers in China, was introduced to perform the stochastic network loading at each iteration in the algorithm. Initial tests on the URT network in Shanghai City show that the methodology, with rational calculation time, promises to compute more precisely the passenger flow distribution of URT under network operation, compared with those practical algorithms used in today's China.
文摘Human capital,as a synthesis of wisdom and physical fitness condensed in workers,is sometimes confused with technological innovation by existing literature.This paper makes comparisons between these two terminologies.Technological innovation is a short-term activity that attaches importance to economic benefits while human capital accumulation is a long-term strategic process with lifelong benefits,and human capital is the foundation of technological innovation.In empirical part,this paper adopts Solow Residual Method to calculate stock,elasticity and growth rate of human capital of 10 countries after eliminating physical capital,labor force and technological innovation.It is found that human capital stock in the United States is the largest and human capital growth in China is the fastest.Calculation is followed by measurement.We construct a comprehensive index of human capital by using Index Weight Assignment Method and Two-level&Three-factor CES Function to measure and predict human capital level in China.Both calculating and measuring results show that growth rate of China’s human capital is around 5%.In the future,for high-quality economic development,China should give priority to human capital development and comprehensively improve human capital competitiveness.
文摘针对高比例分布式光伏接入配网所引起的电压控制问题,利用柔性负荷的无功调节能力,并考虑光伏和负荷的不确定性,提出了配网日前两阶段无功随机优化调度方法。首先,在第1阶段根据光伏和负荷的预测值,优化反映电容器组动作和柔性负荷无功调度的离散决策变量。其次,在第2阶段考虑光伏和负荷的不确定性,优化光伏的无功出力和柔性负荷的无功调度量。在优化模型中,设置了电压偏差最小化和柔性负荷的无功调度次数最小化两种目标函数,采用ε约束法对多目标优化问题进行求解,并利用熵权优劣解距离(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)法选择最优折衷解。在修改的IEEE33节点系统进行仿真,结果表明所提方法能有效缓解由高比例分布式光伏并网所引起的电压越限问题。
文摘参数时变失效概率函数(Time-Dependent Failure Probability Function,TDFPF)是结构时变可靠性优化设计的关键问题之一,其估计的精度与效率决定了结构时变可靠性优化的效果。针对时变失效概率函数计算成本高的问题,基于结构复合极限状态思想提出了基于加权重要抽样的结构时变失效概率函数估计策略。对于加权重要抽样进行扩展,仅需一次可靠性分析,即可得到时变失效概率函数的估计,避免了多次重复计算。为了验证所提方法的精度与效率,给出数值算例及工业机器人减速器结构时变算例。结果表明,对于时变失效概率函数估计问题,所提方法适用性好,能够以较高效率获得满意的结果。
