Study on the Rapid Method to Predict Longevity of Controlled Release Fertilizer Coated by Water Soluble Resin

The study discussed the rapid method to test and predict the longevity of controlled release fertilizers （CRFs） coated by water soluble resin by using the short-term leaching under higher temperature. Pure water dissolving incubation and higher temperature leaching were used to study the patterns of the nutrient release of the CRFs. The correlation analysis between the days at 25℃ and the hours at 80℃ of Trincote 1 and Trincote 2 for the same cumulative release rates were conducted. Patterns of cumulative nutrient release curve followed one factor quadratic regression equation at each given temperatures, and each of relative coefficient was bigger than 0.995. As the temperature increased, nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The longevity of resin coated CRFs were predicted by use of both the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of release time needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25 and 80℃. There were only 0.3-6.9% relative errors between the tested longevity and predicted one. In conclusion, the longevity of resin coated CRFs could be predicted more quickly and precisely by use of the higher temperature short-term leaching method than that of the traditional differential release rate. The longevity of resin coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the higher temperature shortterm leaching method.

Optimal Design of Multi-channel Water Cooled Radiator for Motor Controller of New Energy Vehicle

In order to improve the heat dissipation capability of motor controller for new energy vehicles,the water cooled radiator with multiple channels is optimized in this paper.The heat conduction between the heat source IGBT and the radiator,the convective heat transfer between the radiator and the coolant,the mechanical strength and the manufacturing cost are comprehensively considered during the optimization process.The power loss and thermal resistance of the IGBT unit are calculated at first,and finite element model of the radiator is established.On this basis,multi-physics coupling analysis of the water cooled radiator is carried out.Secondly,the sensitivity analysis is applied to verify the influence of structural parameters on the heat dissipation performance of the radiator system.The influence of coolant inlet velocity v,number of cooling ribs n,height of radiator ribs H on the maximum temperature rise T,the temperature difference ΔT between phase U and W,and the coolant pressure lossΔP are analyzed in depth,and the optimal range of the structural parameters for heat dissipation is obtained.Finally,an experimental platform was set up to verify the performance of the proposed structure of water cooled radiator for motor controller of new energy vehicle.The results show that the heat dissipation capability of the proposed radiator is improved compared with the initial design.

Harmoniousness analysis of total amount control of water use

Based on the fundamental principles of total amount control of water use, the harmony theory was used in this study to develop a concept of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use. Based on this concept, the harmoniousness of total amount control of water use was analyzed in terms of the supply and demand of water resources, water resources management, water use benefits, and water-saving level. An evaluation index system of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was established, and a method for calculation of the degree of harmony of total amount control of water use was developed based on the analytic hierarchy process （AHP） and fuzzy comprehensive analysis （FCA） methods. The new evaluation index system was applied to a certain area in Jiangsu Province, China. The degree of harmony of total amount control of water use over this area was calculated for different years. Results indicate that the evaluation index system and calculation method proposed in this study are feasible, and such a harmoniousness analysis can provide scientific references for the strict water resources management system that will be implemented in China in the near future.

Control of Water Supply in Pipe Networks Nonlinear Case

The paper deals with control of supply in pipe networks based on so-called Dynamic Virtual Distortion Method. Making use of the analytical network model of this installation and using presented below, the so-called Virtual Distortion Method （VDM）, the control of water supply can be performed. Minimization of supply pressure in inlets to the network, subject to inequality constraints imposed on outlet pressure （in chosen nodes） is discussed. Taking advantage of pre-computed influence vectors, the real-time control strategy can be realised with small computational effort and therefore, can be managed with use of hardware-based controllers. Non-linear constitutive relation （water flow vs. pressure head） has been assumed.

Impact of climate change and human activities on the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province, China

Understanding the dynamics of surface water area and their drivers is crucial for human survival and ecosystem stability in inland arid and semi-arid areas.This study took Gansu Province,China,a typical area with complex terrain and variable climate,as the research subject.Based on Google Earth Engine,we used Landsat data and the Open-surface Water Detection Method with Enhanced Impurity Control method to monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province from 1985 to 2022,and quantitatively analyzed the main causes of regional differences in surface water area.The findings revealed that surface water area in Gansu Province expanded by 406.88 km2 from 1985 to 2022.Seasonal surface water area exhibited significant fluctuations,while permanent surface water area showed a steady increase.Notably,terrestrial water storage exhibited a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,correlated with the dynamics of surface water area.Climate change and human activities jointly affected surface hydrological processes,with the impact of climate change being slightly higher than that of human activities.Spatially,climate change affected the'source'of surface water to a greater extent,while human activities tended to affect the'destination'of surface water.Challenges of surface water resources faced by inland arid and semi-arid areas like Gansu Province are multifaceted.Therefore,we summarized the surface hydrology patterns typical in inland arid and semi-arid areas and tailored surface water'supply-demand'balance strategies.The study not only sheds light on the dynamics of surface water area in Gansu Province,but also offers valuable insights for ecological protection and surface water resource management in inland arid and semi-arid areas facing water scarcity.

MIC in Circulating Cooling Water System

MIC is one of the main problems of circulating cooling water system. The direct economic loss by MIC is about 300 to 500 billion dollars. It is good to understand MIC in order to control MIC. Source and species of microorganisms was introduced firstly. There are three kinds of microorganisms in the system, including bacteria, fungi and algae. Species of these microorganisms are shown in the paper. Then, mechanisms of MIC are analysed. Although there is no universal mechanism of MIC, MIC is still mainly an electrochemical corrosion in nature. Meanwhile, the mechanisms on SRB and iron bacteria are introduced in details. At last, several methods of microorganisms control are put forward in the paper.

RESEARCH ON DEEP COAL SEAM MINING FLOOR STARTA WATER BURSTING INFLUENCED FACTORS BASED ON ANALYTIC HIERACHY PROCESS

Deep coal seam mining floor strata water bursting is a complicate nonlinear system, whose factors are coupling and influencing themselves. It built the analytic structure model for deep coal seam mining floor strata water bursting, the judgment matrix was found by the expert scoring method, the contribution weights of the influenced factors were given out by the equation analytic process. The thirteen controlling factors and five main controlling factors were put award by analyzing weights, so the result was basically conform to the field practice. The expert scoring method and analytic process can convert the objective fact to the subjective cognition, so it is a method that can turn the qualitative into the quantitative. This can be relative objectively and precisely to study the question of many factors and grey box.

水侵气藏型储气库全周期高效建设微观模拟实验

借助微观可视化模型与微流控技术,开展了水侵气藏型储气库初期建库阶段注气驱水及循环储采阶段采气底水上侵、储气排驱水体的模拟实验,分析气液界面稳定机制、气液渗流与赋存规律,探索储气库全周期高效运行的优化调控方式。研究表明:储气库初期建库阶段应调控注气速度,充分发挥重力作用保证气液界面宏观稳定运移,大幅度提高气体的波及能力,为储气库后续循环储采阶段提供更大的储气孔隙空间。储气库循环储采阶段,恒定的储采气速度导致孔隙空间利用率低,逐渐提高储采气速度,从“小吞小吐”逐渐过渡到“大吞大吐”,可以持续打破孔喉内流体的平衡受力状态,扩大储气孔隙空间与流动通道,有利于储气库扩容增效和调峰保供。

基于灰色关联分析的断层突水阶段化感知方法

为提升煤矿断层水害感知水平,提出一种以断层活化演变机制和关键控制因素识别的断层突水阶段化感知方法,通过断层突水演化过程相似模拟试验研究工作面底板与断层破坏的演化特征,以底板破坏带应力、断层裂隙带应力、导水通道内水压等为阶段监测参数,揭示各监测参数与涌水量变化的阶段特征;结合灰色关联性分析法,判定断层突水阶段转化的关键控制因素,进而根据断层突水分析与研究过程,提出断层突水阶段化感知方法。结果表明:底板破坏带、断层裂隙带的应力,导水通道内的水压等监测参数的数值变化特征在断层活化突水过程中呈现出明显的阶段特征,控制因素与涌水量的灰色关联度排序为:底板破坏带应力>断层裂隙带应力>导水通道水压,通过对关键控制因素的识别,可实现断层突水阶段的感知,揭示基于灰色关联分析的感知方法在原理上具备可行性。

水资源污染综合治理措施及其防治效果评估研究

长期的水污染会破坏水环境,造成生态系统的破坏和失衡,影响人类的生产和生活。为此,研究水资源污染综合治理措施并评估防治效果。在分析了水资源污染物的4种主要类型后,从工业生产、市政管理以及工程保障3方面提出相应的治理措施,并使用模糊综合评价法对治理后的效果评价,将评价结果分为5个等级,利用加权平均原则对评价结果定量计算。将所提治理措施应用在某市生态公园调节塘内,经一段时间后检验该塘水质有了明显改善,防治效果评估结果为优秀,证明所提方法在水资源污染治理方面具有可行性。

基于内模串级的供热系统二次网水力平衡调节控制策略研究

集中供热二次网系统常伴有近端用户热量过剩、远端用户热量不足的水力平衡问题,基于回水温度法的策略,针对二次管网平衡调节,设计内模串级控制系统,以单元热力入口回水温度作为主回路参数、供回水管压力差作为副回路参数,结合内模控制算法,使各单元之间的回水温度达成一致。依据二次网水力平衡调节实际工程,采用PLC控制器对二次网平衡调节控制系统进行自动调节,热用户之间采用均匀调节,进而减小户间温差大的问题,以实现水力平衡。该系统在可保证供热质量的基础上,对城镇二次网智能平衡调节系统的的研究提供理论基础或参考依据。

宿迁市河流生态水位管控目标与预警机制分析

针对宿迁市近年水环境保护与水生态修复实践,阐述了宿迁市开展的第一批及相关重要河道生态水位制定情况与实施政策,分析了河道生态水位管理的工程调度原则与预警机制方案设计等技术内容,提出了河道生态水位管控目标保障措施。相关技术方法对构建完善的生态水位目标管控长效机制,提升宿迁市河湖水生态环境质量具有重要决策参考价值。

大尺度圩田水网地区特色生态空间单元解析及传承策略研究——以高淳为例

我国幅员辽阔,各个地区的乡村空间各具特色。在诸如江浙一带的圩田水网地区便形成了独特的生态-聚落空间布局模式。文章以大尺度高淳水网地区的聚落空间为研究对象,在分析现状水系网络、农田体系、圩堤陆路等生态要素共同作用下的乡村特色空间基础上,从维持水田格局的特色性、分类引导聚落选址和堤路网体系优化布局三个方面,分别探究传承乡村特色空间的策略与导控方法,旨在为我国其他相似圩田水网地区的乡村特色空间传承提供实践指导方法和参考借鉴意义。

多维虚实融合的“计算机控制系统”实验教学创新实践

为提高课程教学质量,开发了多维虚实融合的多水位控制实验系统。该实验集仿真与实体实验、远程与本地实验于一体,结合了硬件与软件、系统与算法,能构成多种复杂控制对象,满足课程的实验教学需求。交替安排理论课与实验课,使实验贯穿教学全过程。通过线上线下混合教学、翻转课堂、讨论课的形式开展理论教学,由学生主导课堂。设计多种基础性实验和综合性实验,使知识点的过渡与难度的递进更平滑。采用多评价主体、多评价角度的方式使评价体系更多元全面。实践表明,该实验教学模式具有较好的教学效果。

水环热泵系统辅助热源容量设计与调控策略

提出采用工况分析法设计水环热泵系统辅助热源容量,利用循环水能量变化量逆推建立辅助热源容量模型,并以天津地区某办公建筑群为实例,设计3种辅助热源容量方案,采用负荷与水温2种热量调控方案分析辅助热源对系统运行的影响,并采用负荷能耗分析法分析控制方案。测试结果表明:3种辅助热源容量方案均能够保证系统正常运行,按55%负荷率选取设计容量时,系统能效最高;优化中低负荷的供热量、实现机组与辅助热源能量平衡是提升系统能效的关键技术;相比负荷控制,水温调节更适宜水环热泵系统。

压电催化降解水中有机污染物的增效研究进展

水污染和能源紧缺作为全球性的问题,受到广泛关注。压电催化能够将外部机械能转化为化学能,是一种绿色有效、节能产能的新技术,在解决水污染和能源紧缺问题上具有潜力。然而,简单压电催化体系氧化能力有限,目标污染物多限于水中低浓度易降解有机污染物。针对上述问题,科研工作者采用多种方法强化了压电体系的氧化能力。文章综述了目前常用的三类压电催化强效方法,包括压电材料性能调控、压电-化学药剂耦合、压电驱动方式优化,分析了压电催化技术的能源和环境意义,并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。

高耗水企业节水技术合作研发战略——水资源税规制下的博弈研究

制定水资源税政策和提高高耗水企业的节水技术水平是发展节水型工业、建设节水型社会的重要路径。政府水资源税政策如何影响高耗水企业之间的节水技术合作研发尚待深入探析。本文根据微分博弈理论,构建了水资源税背景下企业节水技术的非合作研发决策、两阶段研发共享激励型合作决策和完全协同研发决策,通过这些策略探讨了企业的均衡节水量和节水技术水平的时间演变轨迹,并对企业的均衡收益进行了对比分析。借助Rubinstein讨价还价模型来分配节水技术带来的收益,并针对水资源税试点区域的高耗水企业A进行了仿真分析与讨论。结果表明:在非合作策略下,企业的决策具有帕累托效率提升的空间;而研发激励策略能显著增强企业对节水技术研发的投入,提高节水技术的成熟度,并增加企业的收益;企业在节水技术研发的努力程度与其收益分配的比例呈正相关,合理的利益分配机制对于确保企业持续投入研发至关重要。此外,尽管受条件制约,水资源税仍然发挥了绿色税制的杠杆作用,刺激了高耗水企业技术研发的投入。研究结论揭示了水资源税对高耗水企业节水技术研发合作的驱动机制和关键因素,对水资源税背景下高耗水企业的可持续发展提供了有益启示。

绿光发射的单胶束SiO_(2)纳米粒子的构筑及其Fe^(3+)的荧光传感性能研究

以非离子嵌段共聚物P123为软模板,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源前驱体,利用异硫氰基荧光素与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)反应,生成功能化发射绿光的硅烷偶联剂,采用共沉淀法制备了尺寸超小的(10~12 nm)荧光素修饰的单胶束纳米粒子。通过TEM,FTIR和UV光谱分别表征了粒子的形貌和表面荧光素基团接枝情况。利用DLS和Zeta电位测试表征了粒子的单分散性和表面电性。采用稳态荧光光谱进行表征,结果表明,该纳米粒子的荧光发光带约为500 nm,用荧光素修饰的单胶束纳米粒子对水溶液中的Fe^(3+)进行检测,结果表明,当水溶液中c(Fe^(3+))=1×10^(-5)mol/L时,绿光发射的单胶束荧光纳米粒子的发光强度淬灭为原有强度的10.1%。因此,该粒子不仅具有良好的发光稳定性、水溶性,还具有优异的Fe^(3+)检测能力,在水溶液中Fe^(3+)的检测与识别方面有着良好的应用前景。

智能放顶煤技术在特厚煤层上覆含水层保护中的应用

我国内蒙古东部和新疆北部草原地区煤炭及地下水资源丰富,煤矿高强度开采形成的采动裂隙易导通强富水含水层,极易引起上覆岩层的地下水系统破坏,更容易发生突水溃砂事故,尤其含水层下综合机械化放顶煤开采的放煤高度难以控制。以特厚煤层上覆含水层系统保护为研究对象,以含水层保护和水砂灾害安全防控为研究目标,研发特厚煤层上覆含水层保护的智能放顶煤关键技术,应用井工煤矿动力突水溃砂防控技术,得出特厚煤层上覆地下水系统保护的根本途径。研发应用一种智能放顶煤技术,包括顶煤运移跟踪系统、多轮记忆放煤方法及系统。基于水文地质条件精细探查、覆岩破坏高度的实测、顶煤采放高度确定,应用多轮记忆放煤智能放顶煤技术,控制采动裂隙带高度。以应用工作面为例,应用水文地质精细探查与钻探验证、覆岩破坏高度获取、智能放顶煤技术后,在工作面回采过程中实现了上覆含水层水砂灾害的安全精准控制,有效保护了煤层上覆强富水含水层。