Investigation of Micro Formability of Bulk Amorphous Alloy in the Supercooled Liquid State Based on Fluid Flow and Finite Element Analysis

Research results on the viscous flow deformation behavior of bulk amorphous alloy in different systems are reviewed. The material exhibits an ideal Newtonian fluid at a high temperature. Analytical solution of lamellar fluid flow behavior is used to discuss the viscous flow behavior of the bulk amorphous alloy in the supercooled liquid state. A material model, which describes such deformation behavior of Mg6oCusoYlo amorphous alloy, is introduced into the finite element method of microformin8 process. Surface feature size was investigated and found not sensitive to the micro formability. Bulk amorphous alloy may possibly be applied to microelectro-mechanical-systems （MEMS） fabrication.

Mechanical Analysis of Viscous-Elastic Fluid Acting on Residual Oil in the Micro Pore

In order to analyze the normal deviatoric stress that viscous-elastic fluid acting on the residual oil under the situation of different flooding conditions and different permeabilities, Viscous-elastic fluid flow equation is established in the micro pore by choosing the continuity equation, motion equation and the upper-convected Maxwell constitutive equation, the flow field is computed by using numerical analysis, the forces that driving fluid acting on the residual oil in micro pore are got, and the influence of flooding conditions, pore width and viscous-elasticity of driving fluid on force is compared and analyzed. The results show that: the more viscous-elasticity of driving fluid increases, the greater the normal deviatoric stress acting on the residual oil increases;using constant pressure gradient flooding, the lager the pore width is, the greater normal deviatoric stress acting on the residual oil will be.

Pore-scale study of the pressure-sensitive effect of sandstone and its influence on multiphase flows

The pressure-sensitive effect on the pore structure of sandstone was investigated using X-ray computed micro-tomography and QEMSCAN quantitative mineral analysis. In a physical simulation study, we extracted the pore network model from digital cores at different confining pressures and evaluated the effect of pressure sensitivity on the multiphase displacement process. In both the pore network model and QEMSCAN scanning, the pore structure was observed to be damaged under a high confining pressure. Due to their different scales, the pores and throats exhibited inhomogeneous changes; further, the throats exhibited a significant variation compared to that exhibited by the pores. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity of the pore structure under the two aforementioned activities was aggravated by the elastic-plastic deformation of the pore structure.The pressure-sensitive effect increased the proportion of mineral particles, such as quartz(the main component of the core skeleton), and reduced the proportion of clay minerals. The clay minerals were originally attached to the pore walls or interspersed in the pores; however, as the pressure increased, the clay minerals accumulated in the pores resulting in blockage of the pores. While simulating the multiphase displacement process, increasing the confining pressure was observed to severely restrict the flowability of oil and water. This study promises to improve the efficiency of reservoir development in terms of oil and gas exploitation.

Characteristics and formation of high quality reservoirs in sediment gravity flows of Gangzhong area,Huanghua depression

Reservoirs can be developed in the sediment gravity flows.However,high quality reservoirs are found widespread in sediment gravity flows of Gangzhong area,Huanghua depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China.Characteristics and formation of these reservoirs are key problems to be solved.Through comprehensive analysis of thin section petrography,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction,two distinct rules were obtained.1) These high quality reservoirs have apparent characteristics:lithology consists mainly of medium-fine grained sands; moderately-well sorted and rounded; intergranular pores dominating >70% of the entire pores,surface per unit pore volume reaches 15%; average porosity is 21% and average permeability is 55×10-3 μm2.2) Types of sedimentary microfacies and dissolution strongly control on the formation of high quality reservoirs.Main channels and sandy braided bars have the best reservoir properties.Because that sediments are mainly medium-fine grained sands in high-energy environments.The favorable primary porosity and permeability may promote calcite cementation and help to produce more secondary pores.Besides,at the depth of 2500-3200 m,basically matching threshold of oil generation,organic acid expelled when organic matter became mature,and H+ released during clay mineral transformation.These both result in the dissolution of calcite cements and create large volume pores,then physical properties improve correspondingly.Moreover,deep hydrothermal fluid intrusion may also have impacts on the development of secondary pores.

微小通道内超临界R134a流动传热特性

超临界有机朗肯循环(supercritical organic Rankine cycle,SORC)是回收中低品位能源较理想的新型动力循环技术之一,而超临界有机工质的传热特性严重影响了系统能效,目前已成为制约有机朗肯循环技术向前发展的瓶颈。基于此,本文实验研究了超临界R134a在2mm微小通道内的流动传热特性,参数范围为:热流密度60~120kW/(m^(2)·s),质量流速800~3000kg/(m^(2)·s),压力4.1~5.1MPa,工质进口温度20~100℃,探讨了热流密度、质量流速、压力、流体焓值等参数对传热特性的影响规律。结果表明,传热系数随流体温度的升高先增加后减小,随质量流速的增加而增加,随着热流密度和压力的增加而减小。流体焓值在拟临界值附近出现压降平缓区。根据实验数据拟合得到了微通道内R134a的传热关联式,该关联式预测误差均在±10%之内,具有良好的预测精度。

基于PBM的离心式叶轮内气泡破碎合并数值模拟

针对利用离心泵制备微气泡时叶轮内气泡尺寸较大且分布不均问题探究不同入口含气率(IGVF)和转速对离心泵叶轮内气泡直径和分布的影响,采用欧拉-欧拉非均匀双流体模型与群体平衡模型进行耦合,求解离心泵叶轮内气液两相旋转流场,并且结合涡识别方法、Luo破碎合并模型对离心泵叶轮内气泡分布规律进行分析。结果表明:①叶片前缘以及吸力面附近存在的涡旋导致气体聚集,引起流道内局部含气率增大,此处气泡合并效应占主导;②流量和转速一定时,随IGVF的增加,流道内湍流强度增加,旋涡后移导致气相聚集区域同样向后延伸,吸力面的高局部含气率区域增大面积显著高于压力面,因此吸力面气泡合并行为更为显著,气泡直径更大;③IGVF和流量一定时,小范围内提升转速可以使气泡破碎效应增强,获得更小直径的气泡。

致密油藏水平井组井间地应力场时空演化特征

水平井组开发致密油藏时,孔隙压力大幅下降会显著改变井间地应力的大小与方向,迫使加密井压裂裂缝朝向老井压力衰竭区扩展,导致加密井产量受限。因此,掌握致密油藏井间地应力场时空演化特征是加密井布井与压裂时机优选的重要基础。针对新疆油田金龙2井区致密油藏,基于岩石多孔弹性理论,建立了双水平井组应力渗流耦合模型,数值模拟得到随孔隙压力下降,井间地应力场的动态变化规律。以水平主应力方向发生反转时的孔隙压力变化值为评价指标,开展了储层物性和压裂完井参数对地应力时空演化特征的影响规律。结果表明,随孔隙压力下降,井间最大水平主应力方向发生反转;储层基质渗透率、井间距减小,单井单位储层厚度日产量及压裂缝间距增加会加快主应力反转,而初始储层孔隙压力对水平主应力变化趋势无影响,其中主要影响因素为井间距。

利用热化学流体反应生热增压解除致密砂岩凝析气反凝析伤害的新方法

鉴于CO_(2)吞吐仅能短期改善反凝析伤害,且存在CO_(2)气源短缺及注入成本昂贵等问题,提出了一种利用热化学流体反应生热增压解除反凝析伤害的新方法。通过开展岩心驱替和吞吐实验,对比评价了2种注入方式下热化学流体改善反凝析伤害的效果,研究了热化学流体对岩心微观孔隙结构和油气两相渗流的影响。结果表明:吞吐注入的最大压差可达25 MPa,最高温度达到329℃,累计4次吞吐凝析油采出程度为63.2%,大于驱替方式的凝析油采出程度49.5%,吞吐效果更好,且最佳吞吐次数为2次;热化学流体注入后能够增大孔隙直径、诱发形成微裂缝、降低毛细管压力和提高油气两相相对渗透率,其中吞吐式注入热化学流体后平均孔径由0.86μm增大至2.54μm,最大孔径由80.11μm增加至690.63μm,但总孔隙度变化较小,平均毛细管压力降幅达到51.2%,最大气相和最大油相相对渗透率分别提高了2.3倍和1.8倍,残余油饱和度下降了29%。研究成果为长期高效解除反凝析伤害提供了方法和借鉴。

非牛顿流体微流场测量Micro-PIV系统研究

介绍了一种专用于非牛顿流体微流动测量Micro-PIV系统,主要包括微流场激发、微流动观察记录与数据处理三大部分。针对非牛顿流体流动激发形式多样性的特点,微流场激发部分包括显微镜冷热台、波形发生器和磁场发生仪,可以产生激发非牛顿流体为流场所需的电、磁及温度场。观察记录部分主要包括荧光显微镜、CCD等,用于观察并记录荧光示踪粒子的运动,获取荧光示踪粒子运动的视频文件。数据处理部分用于将视频文件进行图像处理以得到所需流场数据。应用该系统对非牛顿流体5CB液晶在电场作用下所激发的微流动进行了测量,重点测量了液晶盒侧面的速度剖面图,所得到的试验结果与计算结果非常吻合,且比传统测量方法更加快速、准确。此外,对温度场变化产生的液晶缺陷进行了试验研究,得到了连续加热冷却状态下的液晶缺陷形成温度变化趋势,即形成缺陷的温度逐渐升高,从开始的31.25℃逐渐升高至34.4℃后保持平稳。

基于Micro-PIV和LBM的土壤孔隙网络中流体速度分布表征

土壤孔隙结构复杂多变,揭示其内部流场特性对于描述和预测土壤中水分传输、溶质迁移等现象至关重要.基于规则性的土壤孔隙网络模型,采用Micro-PIV(Micro-scale Particle Image Velocimetry,显微粒子成像测速系统)技术分析不同雷诺数下孔隙结构中流体运动的特征,通过LBM方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method,晶格玻尔兹曼方法)对孔隙结构中流场分布进行数值模拟研究.结果表明:微观尺度下孔隙网络模型中不同孔隙区域流速分布差异明显,中线区域流场呈规律性分布,孔喉处为高速区,流速达到0.001 4 m/s,水平方向相邻两圆柱靠近边界处存在低速区,速度不高于0.000 2 m/s,在垂直于流向方向上速度场具有良好的对称性;靠近上下边界的大孔隙区域流体优先通过,流体的速度可达到0.003 0 m/s.LBM方法模拟的孔隙网络模型中流场分布结果与试验获得的流场分布吻合,其平均均方根误差为0.009 4 m/s,表明土壤孔隙网络模型能有效模拟土壤孔隙,捕捉微观尺度上的流体运动特征,为应用孔隙网络模型研究土壤孔隙中溶质运移和反应等问题提供了微观尺度的度量工具.

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flow through coal reservoir's fractal pore structure

The influences of fractal pore structure in coal reservoir on coalbed methane(CBM) migration were analyzed in detail by coupling theoretical models and numerical methods.Different types of fractals were generated based on the construction thought of the standard Menger Sponge to model the 3D nonlinear coal pore structures.Then a correlation model between the permeability of fractal porous medium and its pore-size-distribution characteristics was derived using the parallel and serial modes and verified by Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM).Based on the coupled method,porosity(ф),fractal dimension of pore structure(Db),pore size range(rmin,rmax) and other parameters were systematically analyzed for their influences on the permeability(ф) of fractal porous medium.The results indicate that:① the channels connected by pores with the maximum size(rmax) dominate the permeability,approximating in the quadratic law;② the greater the ratio of r max and r min is,the higher is;③ the relationship between D b and follows a negative power law model,and breaks into two segments at the position where Db ≌2.5.Based on the results above,a predicting model of fractal porous medium permeability was proposed,formulated as k=cfrnmax,where C and n(approximately equal to 2) are constants and f is an expression only containing parameters of fractal pore structure.In addition,the equivalence of the new proposed model for porous medium and the Kozeny-Carman model k=Crn was verified at Db =2.0.

Transport of Jeffrey fluid in a rectangular slit of the microchannel under the effect of uniform reabsorption and a porous medium

This research explores the transport of a Jeffrey fluid through a permeable slit of microchannel under the effect of a porous medium and constant reabsorption.Physical laws of fluid mechanics are used to study the flow in a cross-sectional area of a narrow slit which generates a highly nonlinear system of partial differential equation with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions.To solve the complex boundary value problem;a recursive(Langlois)approach is used and explicit expressions for velocity,pressure,stream function,flux,shear stress and fractional reabsorption are calculated.It is noticed that the flow rate at the centre line of slit and shear stress on the walls of slit decay due to the presence of porous medium and viscoelastic fluid parameters.It is also quantitatively observed that more pressure is required for the fluid flow when the slit is filled with a porous medium and reabsorption on the walls is constant.The mathematical results of the present research have significant importance in the field of biofluid mechanics and medical industry,therefore the application of a diseased rat kidney is also included in this research:and reabsorption velocities in the case of a diseased and a healthy rat kidney are calculated with the effects of a porous medium and constant re-absorption.

基于数字岩心的低渗储层孔隙结构及水驱剩余油分布特征

针对低渗砂岩储层水驱开发后期剩余油形成机理和赋存状态不清等问题,以涠洲11-1和涠洲12-1油田低渗砂岩为研究对象,基于Micro-CT扫描技术构建了储层三维数字岩心模型,提取连通孔隙结构并定量表征岩样微观孔隙结构特征,建立了非结构化四面体网格模型。基于N-S方程和水平集算法建立了油水两相微观渗流数学模型,采用有限元方法求解模型,开展了微观水驱油流动模拟。研究结果表明:孔喉大小及连通性是决定储层渗透能力的主要因素;微观水驱油模拟中可以观察到明显的黏性指进现象,水驱剩余油主要以网状剩余油、盲端孔隙剩余油、小孔喉滞留剩余油、并联孔道剩余油及油膜形式存在;提高注水强度可有效动用网状剩余油及小孔喉滞留剩余油,改善油水黏度比可获得更大波及体积,改善润湿性则可有效动用盲端孔隙及亲油孔道内剩余油。研究成果对低渗油藏水驱剩余油挖潜具有指导意义。

鄂尔多斯盆地延长东区块本溪组砂砾岩储层孔隙及可动流体差异赋存特征

以鄂尔多斯盆地延长东区块本溪组砂砾岩储层为研究对象,通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞和核磁共振等方法分析储层孔隙与流体差异赋存特征,探讨流体差异赋存影响因素。结果表明:储层主要发育粒间溶孔和晶间孔,进一步分为裂缝-粒间溶孔型、晶间孔-溶孔型、溶孔型、微孔型储层,以裂缝-粒间溶孔型、晶间孔-溶孔型储层发育较好。储层可动流体饱和度为51.16%~86.82%,T 2谱为双峰态,呈左低右高型。孔隙发育差异对可动流体流体赋存呈现出不同特征,孔隙发育较差的溶孔型和微孔型储层仍具有较高的可动流体饱和度。粒间溶孔、最大连通孔喉半径、中值半径及最大进汞饱和度等影响储层可动流体饱和度,以裂缝-粒间溶孔型、晶间孔-溶孔型储层尤为显著。溶孔型、微孔型储层可动流体饱和度受铁白云石影响更为明显,铁白云石能够改善界面的润湿性,使流体在其纳米孔隙中仍具备较好的流动能力。

微间隙内R134a空化可视化实验研究

为了研究在受限空间和高剪切状态下工质空化特性,设计并搭建了微间隙工质空化演变规律可视化实验台。对不同进出口压差、过冷度及来流速度下R134a在微间隙下空化特征进行实验研究,着重分析了不同空化特征下空化面积演变规律。实验结果表明:工质入口流速和空化数决定了工质在微间隙内空化形态。按此空化形态差异可将空化过程分为单气泡空化模式、多气泡空化模式、气液掺混空化模式及雾态核心区空化模式。单气泡模式与多气泡模式出现有一定随机性,与实验时工质内空化汽核相关,两者多发生于低流速情况下。单气泡模式下气泡面积近似指数增长,气液掺混空化模式及雾态核心区空化模式多发生在较高流速和较低空化数下,此时空化面积演变遵循近线性增长规律。各模式下,过冷度的减小都会促进空化产生。多气泡模式下,工质空化初生时表现为多个相对独立微小气泡。随着空化发展,气泡体积增大,彼此相互干扰,存在气泡间的融合现象。

典型煤系叠合型气藏生产模拟研究——以黔西地区龙潭组为例

【目的】煤系叠合型储层开发过程中储层组合影响了煤系气井的产气效果。煤系叠合型储层层间岩石力学性质和物性差异大,导致流体运移规律相对于单一储层更加复杂。因此,开展数值模拟研究是一种有效的解决方案。【方法】以黔西地区龙潭组典型煤层—砂岩—泥页岩互层型储层为研究对象,考虑叠合型储层的基质收缩效应、有效应力作用及层间流体流动对储层流体运移规律以及渗透率等储层物性参数的影响,建立煤系叠合型气藏流固耦合数学模型,开展煤系气生产数值模拟,分析不同储层组合排采下储层孔隙压力、基质含气量、渗透率等叠合型储层特征参数的演化规律以及层间流动差异对产气效果的影响。【结果】与单层排采相比,(煤+泥页岩)排采、(煤+砂岩)排采、全层段排采下,累计产气量分别提高了1.26倍、1.42倍、1.62倍;四种储层组合排采下均存在层间能量与物质传递;煤、砂岩和泥页岩储层在不同储层组合排采下,储层孔隙压力与传导方向、基质含气量以及渗透率比例均存在明显差异。【结论】全层段的储层组合排采下产气效果最好,砂岩层中游离态甲烷更易产出,有效减弱储层间垂向孔隙压差的影响,更有利于叠合型储层孔隙压力径向传导,促进煤与泥页岩基质中甲烷解吸,增强基质收缩作用,促使煤与泥页岩储层渗透率回弹,从而提高整体产气量。

泡沫碳表面对高超声速边界层稳定性影响

高超声速边界层转捩会使壁面摩阻和热流显著增加,严重影响飞行器的性能。微孔隙表面在不明显改变平均流场的同时,能够有效抑制边界层转捩,具有较大的应用潜力。在马赫数为6的Ludwieg管风洞中研究泡沫碳孔隙材料对尖锥边界层中不稳定波的影响规律,试验结果表明:尖锥边界层存在明显的第2模态波,其特征频率随着流向位置增加而减小。相比于光滑表面,泡沫碳表面使不同流向位置上的第2模态波增长率均有明显下降,至少延长第2模态传播区域21.6%。此外,采用阻抗管测量泡沫碳表面的声学特性获取阻抗模型系数,并结合线性稳定性理论预测了泡沫碳表面扰动模态增长率,理论结果与试验结果变化趋势相同。

页岩微纳米孔缝封堵评价方法研究

针对微纳米级孔缝的超低孔超低渗页岩地层,国内外缺少可靠的方法对其封堵进行评价。实验以延长组长7段页岩为参考对象,测试了页岩的岩性、孔隙特征等数据;通过研究膨润土、各类钻井液处理剂和API重晶石对泥饼厚度及渗透率的影响,构建了模拟页岩的“标准厚泥饼”封堵评价方法,厚泥饼平均厚度为10.05mm、平均渗透率为4.81×10^(-4)mD,且具有良好的重现性,能定量评价微纳米封堵剂SPA-1在甲酸钾钻井液体系中的封堵效果,解决了页岩封堵剂及水基钻井液封堵效果评价难题,对保障页岩井壁稳定具有指导意义。

微纳米孔缝封堵评价方法研究进展与展望

非常规油气潜力巨大,赋存空间以微纳米级孔喉为主,而泥页岩地层微纳米孔缝有效封堵是制约其高效开发的核心技术难题。针对国标规定的钻井液封堵性能评价方法无法适应不同地层、各类孔缝的封堵评价需要和行业暂未形成一套标准的纳米级孔隙和微纳米级裂缝封堵评价方法的难题,从微纳米孔缝模拟介质、封堵评价指标和评价装置三方面阐述了微纳米孔缝封堵评价方法研究现状,明确了各类评价方法的优缺点和现阶段存在的问题。指出了微纳米孔缝封堵评价方法发展方向:(1)真实表征黏土水化膨胀的低孔低渗砂盘和金属楔形缝板类模拟介质;(2)纳米级孔缝模拟介质;(3)微纳米孔缝模拟介质孔径和缝宽测量方法;(4)三维模型构建和3D打印真实孔缝模拟介质;(5)智能化、数字化封堵评价装置;(6)微纳米孔缝封堵模拟评价软件。该研究成果对非常规油气高效勘探开发具有一定的借鉴价值。